This study has been carried out to histographic analyze Virology research in terms of publication output as per Web of science citation index database between 1989 and 2020. A quantitative analysis on the countries and organizations that contribute in histographic analyze Virology. The data shows increase in the basic research activity in this research field. During 1989-2020, a total of 5422 papers were published by the scientists in the field of sago. For Asian Countries we have also identified the key researchers and institutions. Using Histcite, the visualization technique developed by Garfield and colleagues, we have constructed the histographs for asian countries based on local citation score and global citation scores, and identified key papers.

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET)
Volume 11, Issue 10, October 2020, pp.2021-2027, Article ID: IJARET_11_10_193
Available online at https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=11&Issue=10
ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499
https://doi.org/10.34218/IJARET.11.10.2020.193
© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed
HISTRIOGRAPH ANALYSIS OF VIROLOGY
RESEARCH OUTPUT: AN GLOBAL CONTEXT
Dr. D. Sankaranarayanan
Assistant Professor, Department of Library and Information Science,
Madurai Karmaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.
Rajarajan S.E
Ph.D Scholar, Department of Library and Information Science,
Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India
ABSTRACT
This study has been carried out to histographic analyze Virology research in terms
of publication output as per Web of science citation index database between 1989 and
2020. A quantitative analysis on the countries and organizations that contribute in
histographic analyze Virology. The data shows increase in the basic research activity
in this research field. During 1989-2020, a total of 5422 papers were published by the
scientists in the field of sago. For Asian Countries we have also identified the key
researchers and institutions. Using Histcite, the visualization technique developed by
Garfield and colleagues, we have constructed the histographs for asian countries based
on local citation score and global citation scores, and identified key papers.
Key words: Virology Research, journal, publication, Citation
Cite this Article: D. Sankaranarayanan and Rajarajan S.E, Histriograph analysis of
Virology Research output: An Global Context, International Journal of Advanced
Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 11(10), 2020, pp. 2021-2027.
https://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJARET?Volume=11&Issue=10
1. INTRODUCTION
Scientometrics’ and histographic analysis the branch science of science that describes the output
traits in terms of organizational research structure, resource inputs and outputs, develops
benchmarks to evaluate the quality of information output. Scientometric studies characterize
the disciplines using the growth of the pattern and other attributes. These studies have potential
particularly in assessing the emerging disciplines. In the present study, we are doing the
histographic study of the research performance on Virology, a significantly growing area in the
knowledge driven world. Virology research is analyzed and compared with number of
document, journals, and international collaboration from 1999 to 2013. Using HistCite, the
visualization technique developed by Garfield and colleagues, the historiographs for India

2. Histriograph analysis of Virology Research output: An Global Context
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based on both local citation scores (LCS) and global citation scores have been constructed, and
the key papers have been identified.
Table 1 Yearly wise distribution of the publications
# Publication Year Records Percent TLCS TGCS ACPP
1 1989 24 0.44 7 132 5.50
2 1990 21 0.39 3 113 5.38
3 1991 65 1.20 31 1050 16.15
4 1992 92 1.70 65 2508 27.26
5 1993 93 1.72 47 1933 20.78
6 1994 119 2.19 76 2909 24.45
7 1995 152 2.80 113 4917 32.35
8 1996 125 2.31 100 5387 43.10
9 1997 122 2.25 75 3932 32.23
10 1998 139 2.56 64 4223 30.38
11 1999 153 2.82 125 5162 33.74
12 2000 150 2.77 118 5018 33.45
13 2001 132 2.43 80 4323 32.75
14 2002 159 2.93 109 6207 39.04
15 2003 149 2.75 98 6065 40.70
16 2004 159 2.93 127 6333 39.83
17 2005 145 2.67 72 5322 36.70
18 2006 162 2.99 117 5204 32.12
19 2007 145 2.67 76 5203 35.88
20 2008 142 2.62 105 5063 35.65
21 2009 187 3.45 97 6874 36.76
22 2010 202 3.73 130 6114 30.27
23 2011 224 4.13 186 8064 36.00
24 2012 240 4.43 123 7565 31.52
25 2013 270 4.98 138 6155 22.80
26 2014 250 4.61 146 4803 19.21
27 2015 282 5.20 133 6026 21.37
28 2016 299 5.51 138 3811 12.75
29 2017 368 6.79 111 3330 9.05
30 2018 305 5.63 62 1801 5.90
31 2019 347 6.40 27 647 1.86
5422 100 2899 136194 25.12
*TLCS – Total Local Citation Score ** TGCS – Total Global Citation Score
The highest publication is 347 in 2019 and followed by 368 papers in 2017, 305 papers in
2018, 1175 papers in 2016, 976 publication papers in 2015, 860 publication papers in the year
2014, 299 publication papers in 2016, 282 publication papers in the year 2015 and 270 records
of the publication in the year 2013. The least number of publications in the year 1990 with only
21 papers of the publications, following the year 1989 with 24 records of the publications, the
next year 1991 with 65 records of the publications and the final least records of the publications
in the year 1992 with 92 papers.
So, over all records calculating Average citation per paper 25.12 times covered the out of
the 5422 records of the publications. The highest Average citation per paper 43.10 times
covered the 125 records of the publication in the year 1996 and the following year 2003 with
149 records of the publication covered the 40.70 times of the Average citation per paper of the
publications. The lowest or least counting of the Average citation per paper of the publications
5.38 times covered in the year 1990.

3. D. Sankaranarayanan and Rajarajan S.E
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It also shows that got highest 8064 global citations against 224 publications in the year
2011, followed in the 2012 with 7565 global citations against 240 publications, third year 2009
with 6874 global citations against 181 publications, 6333 global citations for 159 publications
in the 2002 and 6207 global citations for 159 records of the publications in the year 2002 and
rest as well as follows.
A histriographical map has been drawn based on two separate levels, using HistCite:
• Local Citations Score (LCS).
• Global Citations Score (GCS).
For the citation score map, the data sample was based on 6679 documents (nodes). For the
LCS map, due to the top publication (top 50) number (117) of links, and to have a clear graph
with a, minimum of 21 local citation scores to a maximum of 104 local citation scores, was
derived.
Figure 1 Histriograph maps of LCS Nodes for prolific Authors Nodes: 50, Links: 117, LCS, top 50;
Min: 21, Max: 104 (LCS scaled)
Nodes: 50, Links: 117
LCS, top 50; Min: 21, Max: 104
Table 2 Histriographic Analysis of Prolific Authors
S.No ARTICL
E
NUMBER
AUTHOR & JOURNAL DETAILS LCS GCS
1. 8 PULVERER BJ, 1991, NATURE, V353, P670 0 1396
2. 68 SCHEINMAN RI, 1995, SCIENCE, V270, P283 1 1424
3. 89 Drevets WC, 1997, NATURE, V386, P824 1 1925
4. 113 Yang PD, 1998, NATURE, V396, P152 0 2281
5. 121 Spencer SJ, 1999, J EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V35, P4 2 1590
6. 151 Borovikova LV, 2000, NATURE, V405, P458 0 2400
7. 187 MacKinnon DP, 2002, PSYCHOL METHODS, V7, P83 66 5949
8. 194 Yu SW, 2002, SCIENCE, V297, P259 1 1414
9. 200 Shrout PE, 2002, PSYCHOL METHODS, V7, P422 50 6447

4. Histriograph analysis of Virology Research output: An Global Context
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10. 212 Treynor W, 2003, COGNITIVE THER RES, V27, P247 2 1922
11. 216 Cash DW, 2003, P NATL ACAD SCI USA, V100, P8086 1 1796
12. 225 MacKinnon DP, 2004, MULTIVAR BEHAV RES, V39, P99 32 4194
13. 228 Frazier PA, 2004, J COUNS PSYCHOL, V51, P115 7 2320
14. 249 Preacher KJ, 2004, BEHAV RES METH INS C, V36, P717 31 9512
15. 278 Muller D, 2005, J PERS SOC PSYCHOL, V89, P852 16 2047
16. 304 MacKinnon DP, 2007, ANNU REV PSYCHOL, V58, P593 16 3344
17. 306 Preacher KJ, 2007, MULTIVAR BEHAV RES, V42, P185 19 5080
18. 308 Liang HG, 2007, MIS QUART, V31, P59 1 1649
19. 309 Edwards JR, 2007, PSYCHOL METHODS, V12, P1 16 2372
20. 311 Fritz MS, 2007, PSYCHOL SCI, V18, P233 5 1803
21. 324 Chou R, 2007, ANN INTERN MED, V147, P478 2 1819
22. 349 Preacher KJ, 2008, BEHAV RES METHODS, V40, P879 22 16904
23. 363 Hayes AF, 2009, COMMUN MONOGR, V76, P408 0 4818
24. 373 Wetzels M, 2009, MIS QUART, V33, P177 0 1786
25. 411 Zhao XS, 2010, J CONSUM RES, V37, P197 5 4404
26. 416 Preacher KJ, 2010, PSYCHOL METHODS, V15, P209 3 1678
27. 429 Preacher KJ, 2011, PSYCHOL METHODS, V16, P93 2 1635
28. 474 Bolin JH, 2014, J EDUC MEAS, V51, P335 0 1687
29. 475 Hayes AF, 2014, BRIT J MATH STAT PSY, V67, P451 4 1375
30. 487 Forouzanfar MH, 2015, LANCET, V386, P2287 2 1590
2. CITATION MAP OF HIGHLY CITED AUTHORS
A Citation Map is a graphical representation that shows the citation relationships (cited
references and cited articles) between a paper and other papers using various visualization tools
and techniques. Citation mapping analysis can be applied as subject similarity indicators. It is
defined as ―the frequencies with two documents are cited together‖. (Source: Web of Science
Database). PULVERER BJ, 1991, NATURE, V353, P670 in Univ Kansas, Dept Psychol,
Lawrence, KS 66045 USA entitled “Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and
comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models” is the most productive author who
1396 Global Citation score and followed that SCHEINMAN RI, 1995, SCIENCE, V270, P283
received 1424 global citation score, Drevets WC, 1997, NATURE, V386, P824 1 received
1925, Yang PD, 1998, NATURE, V396, P152 received 2281 global citation score , Spencer
SJ, 1999, J EXP SOC PSYCHOL, V35, P4 received global citation score1590 and Borovikova
LV, 2000, NATURE, V405, P458 recevied 2400 global citation score..
2.1. Citation Map of PULVERER BJ, 1991, NATURE, V353, P670
PULVERER BJ, 1991, NATURE, V353, is the most productive author who 1396 Global
Citation score published 31 papers with His article ―The concept of The average citation per
article is 45 in the field of Mediation and figure 4.16 below shows that citation map.
NATURE, V353, P670Volume: 352 Issue: 1 Pages: 68-74, 2010

5. D. Sankaranarayanan and Rajarajan S.E
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Figure 2 Citation Map of PULVERER BJ,
NATURE, V353, P670Volume: 352 Issue: 1 Pages: 68-74, 2010
2.1.1. Citation Map of Scheinman Ri, 1995, Science, V270, P283
Out of the total 6679 number of publications, author cheinman Ri, has published 25 articles
with 1424 Global citation Scores and his article The figure 4.17 below shows the citation map.
SCIENCE, V270, P283
Figure 3 Citation Map of Thelwall, M
2.1.2. Citation Map Budd,J.MCityUniv London, DeptInformatSci, London EC1V 0HB,
England.
Out of the total 6679 number of publications, author ― Drevets WC, 1997, NATURE, V386,
P824 has published 21 articles with 1925 TLCS and 312 TGCS and his article Conceptions of
Mediation analysis has received 464 citations.

6. Histriograph analysis of Virology Research output: An Global Context
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Figure 4 Citation Map of Drevets WC
2.1.3. Citation Map of Bawden, D, UNIV MISSOURI, SCH YOGA AND MEDIATION,
COLUMBIA, MO 65211, USA.
Figure 5 Citation Map of Bawden, D
Out of the total of 6679 number of publications, Bawden, Dhas published 20 articles and
received 142 Global citations Scores and his article.
3. CONCLUSION
Due to technological importance and expected economic activity, Virology has been intensively
investigated by histographic methods. In this paper, the current status of Virology and has been
presented. The aim of the study is to illustrate the different approaches in highly cited papers
have dealt with this emerging area so far and presented a variety of data. This raises the question
to what extent the data presented can provide useful information to various stakeholders, such
as scientists and engineers working in one of the fields related to Virology, decision-makers in

7. D. Sankaranarayanan and Rajarajan S.E
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R&D administrations and industry. Some of the histographic data may be of interest to
researchers in the field. This study presented a summary of histographic research in the
nanotechnology area. Using publication of literature, an overview of histographic efforts have
been presented to trace the emergence of this new technological area. The paper has also
presented data that gives an idea about which countries are the most active in terms of scientific
publications in Virology.
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