3D printing by using PLA filament used to quickly transform an idea into a physical object with clean process and highly automated. A complete model can create in a single process using 3D printing. The basic principles include flexibility of output, and translation of code into a visible pattern. 3D printing by using PLA filament can print most components depending on FFF technique. 3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is created by laying down successive layers of material.

1. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
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DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF A 3D PRINTER USING A PLA FILAMENT
AS A NEW APPLICATION OF ARDUINO
Maha M. Lashin
Mechanical Engineering Department, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Banha University, Egypt
ABSTRACT
3D printing by using PLA filament used to quickly transform an idea into a physical object with
clean process and highly automated. A complete model can create in a single process using 3D
printing. The basic principles include flexibility of output, and translation of code into a visible
pattern. 3D printing by using PLA filament can print most components depending on FFF technique.
3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is
created by laying down successive layers of material. The key to this 3D printer is the thermoplastic
extruder which is coupled with a Cartesian XYZ platform. 3D printing by using PLA filament
electronics are based around the popular Arduino development platform, utilizing a custom made
board for interfacing with the Arduino development Board and allowing stepper motor and extrusion
temperature monitoring and control.
Keyword: 3D Printing- Arduino.
INTRODUCTION
The 3D printer is initially designed for extruding and printing 3D models in plastic. The key
of 3D printer is the thermoplastic extruder. The extruder enables plastic filament to force through
into a heated chamber hot end. 3D printing has been used to print organs from a patient’s own cells.
3D printing has drastically improved this process. 3D printing uses in many fields like medicine,
industrial, and aerospace. In medicine 3D printing used to create [1] an artificial scaffolds in the
shape of an organ with living cells, the entire volume of a kidney, artificial ears, and jaw. Industrially
General Motors company used 3D printing for [2] rapid prototyping of the floor console which has
smart phone holders for the driver and passenger. In aerospace NASA used 3D printer to [3] produce
a rocket engine injector.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)
ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online)
Volume 5, Issue 7, July (2014), pp. 171-183
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IJMET
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2. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
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172
3D PRINTER PLA FILAMENT
3D printing as in figure 1 is a form of additive manufacturing technology where a three
dimensional object is created by laying down successive layers of material. 3D printer depends on
the thermoplastic extruder which is coupled with a Cartesian XYZ platform (3 Dimensional Axis, X
Landscape Horizontal plane, Y Portrait Horizontal plane, Z vertical plane). The Extruder enables
plastic filament to be forced through into a heated chamber Hot End, melted and extruded, this is
controlled using a geared stepper motor driving a knurled bolt to which the filament is forced round
and into the hot end. The 3D models are then printed/extruded and built up layer by layer. 3D
printing by using PLA filament electronics are based around the popular Arduino [6] development
platform, utilizing a custom made board for interfacing with the Arduino development Board and
allowing stepper motor and extrusion temperature monitoring and control. It is controlled through
software known as G-code which is a list of serial commands telling the printer exactly what to do
and when. In order to create this G code a 3D model needs to be created in some form of CAM or
CAD software, to control the printer to print the 3D model. This printer is initially designed for
extruding and printing 3D models in PLA (Poly Lactic Acid) plastic.
FIG.1: 3D Printer Using PLA Filament
The 3D printer built from three systems, mechanical, electrical, and controlling. The
mechanical systems as in figure2 include stainless steel frame, stainless steel roads for accessible
extruder head moving in XYZ directions.
FIG.2: Extruder Head Moves In XYZ Directions
As in figure 3 the mechanism of extruder head designed to make the plastic filament enable
to force through

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FIG.3: Extruder Mechanism
it easy. The electrical system includes the motors and power supply. There are four stepper motors,
one for each three axes and one for the extruder.
FIG.4: Bipolar Stepper Motor
The final part of the 3D printer is the control part. The control part used to control the extrude
motion in the three axis directions also to control extrude of the PLA filament. It includes hardware
and software parts. The hardware of the control part consists of Arduino Mega 2560 with 54 digital
input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware
serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a
reset button. The second component in the hardware components as in figure 5 is the RepRap
Arduino Mega Shield (RAMPS). It is designed to fit the entire electronics needed for a RepRap in
one small package for low cost. The modular design includes plug in stepper drivers and extruder
control electronics on Arduino MEGA shield for easy service, part replacement, upgrade-ability and
expansion.
FIG.5: Arduino Mega 2560 and its Shield (RAMPS)
Figure 6 explain the sachem diagram of the Arduino Mega Shield for the drive stepper motors

4. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
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FIG.6: RepRap Arduino Mega Pololu Shield
The control device of the 3D printer motors is A4988 control board. The type A4988 control
board used for micro stepping bipolar stepper motor driver. It used to control the motors movement
directions (X, Y, and Z axis). Figure7 explain the A4988 breakout board connections.
FIG.7: A4988 Breakout Board and its Connections
The final component in 3D printer control system is extruder stepper. It is controlled by the
extruder controller. As in figure8 motherboard talks directly to the stepper drivers on the extruder
board, using the scl/sda pins on the motherboard and the d9/d10 connections on the extruder
controller. The following image shows how the motherboard and extruder board are connected.
FIG.8: Mother Board
The connections between the Arduino Mega microcontroller board, RapRap shield, A4988
stepper motor drive, and extruder controller board explained in details as in figure9.

5. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
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FIG.9: Arduino Board Wirin
The printer electronics are controlled by Atmel AVR processor. Atmel processors are what
Arduino-based microcontrollers use. The primitive software which the CPU run is the 3D
printer's firmware. The software chain that makes the printer work is called cross compiling and it
consists of the following steps. Install the Arduino IDE on PC.
Download some firmware source code from a website. Make some minor changes to the
source code to specify what hardware used. Compile the firmware using the Arduino IDE. Connect
the controller to the PC via a USB cable. Upload the firmware to controller's CPU.
Control l system software
This is a part of configuration codes of marlin firmware which used in 3D printer:
#ifndef CONFIGURATION_H
#define CONFIGURATION_H
// This configuration file contains the basic settings.
// Advanced settings can be found in Configuration_adv.h
// BASIC SETTINGS: select your board type, temperature sensor type, axis scaling, and endstop
configuration
//=============================Mechanical Settings===========================
// Uncomment the following line to enable CoreXY kinematics
// #define COREXY
// coarse Endstop Settings
#define ENDSTOPPULLUPS // Comment this out (using // at the start of the line) to disable the
endstoppullup resistors
#ifndef ENDSTOPPULLUPS
// fine Enstop settings: Individual Pullups. will be ignored if ENDSTOPPULLUPS is defined
// #define ENDSTOPPULLUP_XMAX
// #define ENDSTOPPULLUP_YMAX
// #define ENDSTOPPULLUP_ZMAX
// #define ENDSTOPPULLUP_XMIN
// #define ENDSTOPPULLUP_YMIN
// #define ENDSTOPPULLUP_ZMIN
#endif
#ifdef ENDSTOPPULLUPS
#define ENDSTOPPULLUP_XMAX

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#define ENDSTOPPULLUP_YMAX
#define ENDSTOPPULLUP_ZMAX
#define ENDSTOPPULLUP_XMIN
#define ENDSTOPPULLUP_YMIN
#define ENDSTOPPULLUP_ZMIN
#endif
// Thepullups are needed if you directly connect a mechanical endswitch between the signal and
ground pins.
constbool X_MIN_ENDSTOP_INVERTING = true; // set to true to invert the logic of the endstop.
constbool Y_MIN_ENDSTOP_INVERTING = true; // set to true to invert the logic of the endstop.
constbool Z_MIN_ENDSTOP_INVERTING = true; // set to true to invert the logic of the endstop.
constbool X_MAX_ENDSTOP_INVERTING = true; // set to true to invert the logic of the endstop.
constbool Y_MAX_ENDSTOP_INVERTING = true; // set to true to invert the logic of the endstop.
constbool Z_MAX_ENDSTOP_INVERTING = true; // set to true to invert the logic of the endstop.
//#define DISABLE_MAX_ENDSTOPS
//#define DISABLE_MIN_ENDSTOPS
// Disable max endstops for compatibility with endstop checking routine
#if defined(COREXY) && !defined(DISABLE_MAX_ENDSTOPS)
#define DISABLE_MAX_ENDSTOPS
#endif
// For Inverting Stepper Enable Pins (Active Low) use 0, Non Inverting (Active High) use 1
#define X_ENABLE_ON 0
#define Y_ENABLE_ON 0
#define Z_ENABLE_ON 0
#define E_ENABLE_ON 0 // For all extruders
// Disables axis when it's not being used.
#define DISABLE_X true
#define DISABLE_Y true
#define DISABLE_Z true
#define DISABLE_E true // For all extruders
#define INVERT_X_DIR true // for Mendel set to false, for Orca set to true
#define INVERT_Y_DIR false // for Mendel set to true, for Orca set to false
#define INVERT_Z_DIR true // for Mendel set to false, for Orca set to true
#define INVERT_E0_DIR false // for direct drive extruder v9 set to true, for geared extruder set to
false
#define INVERT_E1_DIR false // for direct drive extruder v9 set to true, for geared extruder set to
false
#define INVERT_E2_DIR false // for direct drive extruder v9 set to true, for geared extruder set to
false
// ENDSTOP SETTINGS:
// Sets direction of endstops when homing; 1=MAX, -1=MIN
#define X_HOME_DIR -1
#define Y_HOME_DIR -1
#define Z_HOME_DIR -1
#define min_software_endstops true // If true, axis won't move to coordinates less than HOME_POS.
#define max_software_endstopstrue // If true, axis won't move to coordinates greater than the
defined lengths below.
// Travel limits after homing
#define X_MAX_POS 205

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#define X_MIN_POS 0
#define Y_MAX_POS 205
#define Y_MIN_POS 0
#define Z_MAX_POS 200
#define Z_MIN_POS 0
#define X_MAX_LENGTH (X_MAX_POS - X_MIN_POS)
#define Y_MAX_LENGTH (Y_MAX_POS - Y_MIN_POS)
#define Z_MAX_LENGTH (Z_MAX_POS - Z_MIN_POS)
//=============================Additional Features===========================
// EEPROM
// the microcontroller can store settings in the EEPROM, e.g. max velocity...
// M500 - stores paramters in EEPROM
// M501 - reads parameters from EEPROM (if you need reset them after you changed them
temporarily).
// M502 - reverts to the default "factory settings". You still need to store them in EEPROM
afterwards if you want to.
//define this to enable eeprom support
//#define EEPROM_SETTINGS
//to disable EEPROM Serial responses and decrease program space by ~1700 byte: comment this
out:
// please keep turned on if you can.
//#define EEPROM_CHITCHAT
// Preheat Constants
#define PLA_PREHEAT_HOTEND_TEMP 180
#define PLA_PREHEAT_HPB_TEMP 70
#define PLA_PREHEAT_FAN_SPEED 255 // Insert Value between 0 and 255
#define ABS_PREHEAT_HOTEND_TEMP 240
#define ABS_PREHEAT_HPB_TEMP 100
#define ABS_PREHEAT_FAN_SPEED 255 // Insert Value between 0 and 255
//LCD and SD support
//#define ULTRA_LCD //general lcd support, also 16x2
//#define ENCODER_STEPS_PER_MENU_ITEM 5 // Set according to
ENCODER_PULSES_PER_STEP or your liking
//#define ULTIMAKERCONTROLLER //as available from the ultimaker online store.
//#define ULTIPANEL //the ultipanel as on thingiverse
//#define LCD_FEEDBACK_FREQUENCY_HZ 1000 // this is the tone frequency the buzzer
plays when on UI feedback. ie Screen Click
//#define LCD_FEEDBACK_FREQUENCY_DURATION_MS 100 // the duration the buzzer plays
the UI feedback sound. ie Screen Click
// The MaKr3d Makr-Panel with graphic controller and SD support
// http://reprap.org/wiki/MaKr3d_MaKrPanel
//#define MAKRPANEL
// The RepRapDiscount Smart Controller (white PCB)
// http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRapDiscount_Smart_Controller
//#define REPRAP_DISCOUNT_SMART_CONTROLLER
// The GADGETS3D G3D LCD/SD Controller (blue PCB)
// http://reprap.org/wiki/RAMPS_1.3/1.4_GADGETS3D_Shield_with_Panel
//#define G3D_PANEL
// The RepRapDiscount FULL GRAPHIC Smart Controller (quadratic white PCB)

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// http://reprap.org/wiki/RepRapDiscount_Full_Graphic_Smart_Controller
// ==> REMEMBER TO INSTALL U8glib to your ARDUINO library folder:
http://code.google.com/p/u8glib/wiki/u8glib
//#define REPRAP_DISCOUNT_FULL_GRAPHIC_SMART_CONTROLLER
// The RepRapWorld REPRAPWORLD_KEYPAD v1.1
// http://reprapworld.com/?products_details&products_id=202&cPath=1591_1626
//#define REPRAPWORLD_KEYPAD
//#define REPRAPWORLD_KEYPAD_MOVE_STEP 10.0 // how much should be moved when a
key is pressed, eg 10.0 means 10mm per click
// The Elefu RA Board Control Panel
// http://www.elefu.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=53
// REMEMBER TO INSTALL LiquidCrystal_I2C.h in your ARUDINO library folder:
https://github.com/kiyoshigawa/LiquidCrystal_I2C
//#define RA_CONTROL_PANEL
//automatic expansion
#if defined (MAKRPANEL)
#if defined (REPRAP_DISCOUNT_FULL_GRAPHIC_SMART_CONTROLLER)
#define DOGLCD
// This allows for servo actuated endstops, primary usage is for the Z Axis to eliminate calibration or
bed height changes.
// Use M206 command to correct for switch height offset to actual nozzle height. Store that setting
with M500.
//#define SERVO_ENDSTOPS {-1, -1, 0} // Servo index for X, Y, Z. Disable with -1
//#define SERVO_ENDSTOP_ANGLES {0,0, 0,0, 70,0} // X,Y,Z Axis Extend and Retract angles
#include "Configuration_adv.h"
#include "thermistortables.h"
; generated by Slic3r 1.0.0RC2 on 2014-06-21 at 01:42:38
; layer_height = 0.4
; perimeters = 3
; top_solid_layers = 3
; bottom_solid_layers = 3
; fill_density = 0.4
; perimeter_speed = 30
; infill_speed = 60
; travel_speed = 130
; nozzle_diameter = 0.5
; filament_diameter = 3
; extrusion_multiplier = 1
; perimeters extrusion width = 0.50mm
; infill extrusion width = 0.53mm
; solid infill extrusion width = 0.53mm
; top infill extrusion width = 0.53mm
; first layer extrusion width = 0.70mm
G21 ; set units to millimeters
M107
M104 S200 ; set temperature
G28 ; home all axes
G1 Z5 F5000 ; lift nozzle
M109 S200 ; wait for temperature to be reached

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G90 ; use absolute coordinates
G92 E0
M82 ; use absolute distances for extrusion
G1 F1800.000 E-1.00000
G92 E0
G1 Z0.350 F7800.000
G1 X86.163 Y93.244 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X87.233 Y92.264 E1.04721 F540.000
G1 X88.563 Y91.494 E1.09721
G1 X90.033 Y91.044 E1.14723
G1 X90.733 Y90.944 E1.17023
G1 X91.333 Y90.914 E1.18978
G1 X103.913 Y90.914 E1.59907
G1 X108.743 Y90.934 E1.75622
G1 F1800.000 E2.74437
G92 E0
G1 X105.943 Y97.830 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X106.284 Y98.912 E1.03693 F378.000
G1 X108.285 Y98.913 E1.10202
G1 X108.486 Y97.926 E1.13480
G1 X108.771 Y97.770 E1.14537
G1 X108.285 Y98.913 F7800.000
G1 X108.148 Y99.679 E1.17069 F378.000
G1 X107.333 Y101.881 E1.24707
G1 X106.947 Y101.592 E1.26276
G1 X106.284 Y98.912 E1.35256
G1 F1800.000 E0.35256
G92 E0
G1 X103.931 Y97.959 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X103.896 Y97.766 E1.00639 F378.000
G1 X103.657 Y97.714 E1.01436
G1 X101.686 Y97.828 E1.07860
G1 X101.480 Y97.970 E1.08673
G1 X101.259 Y97.817 E1.09546
G1 X101.346 Y97.839 F7800.000
G1 X101.190 Y97.582 E1.10524 F378.000
G1 X101.480 Y97.970 F7800.000
G1 X103.490 Y102.007 E1.25197 F378.000
G1 X103.711 Y102.161 E1.26074
G1 X103.618 Y102.138 F7800.000
G1 X103.621 Y102.303 E1.26613 F378.000
G92 E0
G1 X92.901 Y102.113 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X92.767 Y101.858 E1.00937 F378.000
G1 X92.768 Y101.916 F7800.000

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G1 X92.608 Y102.188 E1.01964 F378.000
G1 X91.714 Y98.891 F7800.000
G1 X92.383 Y101.570 E1.10946 F378.000
G1 X92.767 Y101.858 E1.12510
G1 X93.581 Y99.657 E1.20144
G1 X93.718 Y98.891 E1.22676
G1 X94.204 Y97.748 F7800.000
G92 E0
G1 X99.163 Y101.587 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X99.363 Y101.501 E1.00707 F378.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.00707
G92 E0
G1 X107.174 Y102.209 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X107.334 Y101.937 E1.01027 F378.000
G1 X107.333 Y101.881 F7800.000
G1 X107.468 Y102.135 E1.01963 F378.000
M106 S255
G1 F1800.000 E0.01963
G92 E0
G1 Z0.750 F7800.000
G1 X105.870 Y97.644 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X105.943 Y97.758 E1.00384 F600.000
G1 X105.915 Y97.783 F7800.000
G1 X106.272 Y98.916 E1.03744 F600.000
G1 X106.551 Y98.840 E1.04564
G1 X108.277 Y98.911 E1.09451
G1 X108.706 Y97.741 E1.12976
G1 X108.650 Y97.846 F7800.000
G1 X108.765 Y97.872 E1.13311 F600.000
G1 X108.277 Y98.911 F7800.000
G1 X107.825 Y100.829 E1.18889 F600.000
G1 X107.346 Y101.851 E1.22081
G1 F1800.000 E0.32653
G92 E0
G1 X103.981 Y97.856 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X101.818 Y97.810 E1.06121 F600.000
G1 X101.497 Y97.956 E1.07119
G1 X101.147 Y97.636 E1.08459
G1 X101.497 Y97.956 F7800.000
G1 X103.471 Y101.999 E1.21190 F600.000
G1 X103.759 Y102.188 E1.22162
G1 X103.772 Y102.330 E1.22567
G1 X103.471 Y101.999 F7800.000
G1 X103.019 Y102.149 E1.23915 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.71845

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G92 E0
G1 X92.933 Y102.081 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X92.783 Y101.831 E1.00826 F600.000
G1 X92.773 Y101.918 F7800.000
G1 X92.539 Y102.266 E1.02013 F600.000
G1 X91.774 Y99.211 F7800.000
G1 X92.411 Y101.519 E1.08788 F600.000
G1 X92.783 Y101.831 E1.10160
G1 X93.230 Y100.867 E1.13166
G1 X93.710 Y98.889 E1.18926
G1 X94.083 Y97.824 F7800.000
G1 X94.199 Y97.850 E1.19262 F600.000
G1 X94.140 Y97.719 F7800.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.34673
G92 E0
G1 X97.831 Y97.978 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X97.816 Y97.842 E1.00389 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.00389
G92 E0
G1 X99.349 Y101.516 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X99.142 Y101.618 E1.00652 F600.000
G1 X99.277 Y101.602 F7800.000
G1 X99.277 Y101.627 E1.00724 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.00724
G92 E0
G1 X103.904 Y97.978 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X103.890 Y97.842 E1.00389 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.00389
G92 E0
G1 X107.346 Y101.851 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X107.526 Y102.206 E1.01125 F600.000
G1 X107.344 Y101.936 F7800.000
G1 X107.106 Y102.289 E1.02327 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.02327
G92 E0
G1 Z1.150 F7800.000
G1 X105.943 Y97.663 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X105.855 Y97.775 E1.00403 F600.000
G1 X105.895 Y97.808 F7800.000
G1 X106.291 Y98.886 E1.03653 F600.000
G1 X108.263 Y98.907 E1.09233
G1 X108.649 Y97.792 E1.12572
G1 X108.670 Y97.714 F7800.000

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G1 X108.649 Y97.792 E1.12799 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.32852
G92 E0
G1 X103.968 Y97.871 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X103.791 Y97.787 E1.00554 F600.000
G1 X101.818 Y97.810 E1.06137
G1 X101.497 Y97.956 E1.07135
G1 X101.146 Y97.761 E1.08271
G1 X101.269 Y97.822 F7800.000
G1 X101.173 Y97.615 E1.08917 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.72982
G92 E0
G1 X92.949 Y102.248 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X92.783 Y101.887 E1.01124 F600.000
G1 X92.781 Y101.961 F7800.000
G1 X92.534 Y102.269 E1.02242 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.02242
G92 E0
G1 X91.798 Y99.204 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X91.967 Y99.159 E1.00492 F600.000
G1 X91.967 Y98.799 E1.01513
G1 X91.724 Y98.864 F7800.000
G1 X92.422 Y101.520 E1.09283 F600.000
G1 X92.783 Y101.887 E1.10741
G1 X93.084 Y101.371 E1.12432
G1 X93.696 Y98.885 E1.19675
G1 F1800.000 E0.32247
G92 E0
G1 X94.103 Y97.692 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X94.082 Y97.770 E1.00227 F600.000
G1 X94.214 Y97.789 E1.00605
G1 F1800.000 E0.00605
G92 E0
G1 X97.827 Y97.862 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X97.831 Y97.985 E1.00348 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.00348
G92 E0
G1 X99.349 Y101.505 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X99.133 Y101.618 E1.00690 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.00690
G92 E0
G1 X103.904 Y97.985 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000

13. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 5, Issue 7, July (2014), pp. 171-183 © IAEME
183
G1 X103.900 Y97.862 E1.00348 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.00348
G92 E0
G1 X107.350 Y101.909 F7800.000
G1 E1.00000 F1800.000
G1 X107.516 Y102.270 E1.01124 F600.000
G1 X107.348 Y101.983 F7800.000
G1 X107.101 Y102.291 E1.02242 F600.000
G1 F1800.000 E0.02242
G92 E0
M107
M104 S0 ; turn off temperature
G28 X0 ; home X axis
M84 ; disable motors
; filament used = 6.2mm (0.0cm3)
CONCLUSION
3D printing by using PLA filament electronics are based around the popular Arduino
development platform, utilizing a custom made board for interfacing with the Arduino development
Board and allowing stepper motor and extrusion temperature monitoring and control. 3D printing by
using PLA filament discussed at this paper as a tool for reverse engineering, it used to quickly
transform an idea into a physical object with clean process and highly automated. A complete model
can create in a single process using 3D printing. 3D printer discussed her as a new application of
Arduino controller type. The complete design of that printer has explained in detail with its all
components and also its control system hardware, software parts. A good result had got from this 3D
printer after it used to get a product. Its product was accurate and the user gets it at very low time
compared with the other types of reverse engineering tools.
REFERENCES
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[2] Atin Sinha, “New Frontiers in Manufacturing Education: Rapid Prototyping, 3D Scanning and
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[3] Wiley, “Reversing: Secrets of Reverse Engineering”, Copyright © 2005 by Wiley Publishing,
Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada.
[4] Dr.phil Reeves, “3D Printer-Hyperbolic or Exponential-The Real Growth Potential of 3D
Printing”, October 2013, Lead Consultant, Econolyst.
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