Islam Hassan Modern National Chemicals, MNChem

1. Evaluation of Novel Surfactant Based Metal-Metal
Friction Reducer
MIDDLE EAST
OILFIELD CHEMICALS 2023
15 – 16 February 2023
Abu Dhabi, UAE

2. BACKGROUND
- Horizontal and deviated well architectures are now quite common as they facilitate
drainage of reservoir in a cost-effective manner, such architectures introduce a reach
challenges for subsequent completions and bottom hole operations.
- To address this, a variety of techniques have been used over the years to reduce the
friction between the metallic surfaces and extend the reach of the coiled tubing
string to desired depths.
- Several Such techniques included-but were not limited to:
• Using a specifically designed CT string.
• Using mechanical aids.
• Increasing lubricity of the annulus fluid through the use of lubricants.
- There has also been many cases in which multiple techniques have been used at the
same time to further extend the CT reach.
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3. BACKGROUND
- Torque and drag analysis (drag analysis for CT operations) is a mandatory step to
minimize dependence on assumptions from operations planning prospective.
- Drag is the axial force, generated between drill / working / CT string while moving
and the formation or the casing.
- Several softwares have been developed to calculate the axial loads and surface loads
vs measured depth while slack-off and pick-up, considering both mechanical and
hydraulic forces, string design, well trajectory and components.
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
Buoyancy
Weight
Normal
Forces
Torque
(0 for CT)
Picture (1)

4. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
Lubricity
- Lubricity: is not a material property, it is the measure of the reduction in friction
and/or wear by a lubricant for given conditions and time.
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
Force
Steel Block
Composite Sample
Counter Ring
Picture (2)

5. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
Selection
- Major considerations:
• Additives compatibility.
• Foaming.
• Lubricity performance.
• Greasing.
• Reservoir damage.
• Iron content.
• Cost.
- Common lubricant chemistries:
• Poly glycols.
• Synthetic oils.
• Hydrotreated heavy paraffins.
• Surfactants.
• Copolymers.
• Aerosols.
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Picture (3)
Picture (4)

6. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
FRM-203
- FRM-203 is an amine oxide based blend of surfactants, that are being used for other
applications and are readily available in the region.
- FRM-203 chemistry was re-designed to have improved stability at higher temperatures
and much less foam tendency.
- FRM-203 is an environmentally friendly, biodegradable product.
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
Picture (5)

7. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
FRM-203
- Compatibilities:
• FRM-203 was tested static aged at 250 Deg F for 3 hrs in different brines /
concentrations and showed excellent compatibility.
• FRM-203 was tested static aged at 250 Deg F for 3 hrs with common biocides, clay
stabilizers, scale and corrosion inhibitors and showed excellent compatibility.
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
Biocides Clay Stabilizers Scale Inhibitors Corrosion Inhibitors
Glutaraldehyde Choline Chloride Phosphonates Polyamines
Benzalkonium Chloride TMAC Sulphonated Polymers Pyridin Quats
THPS Acrylic Acids
Table (1)

8. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
FRM-203
- Lubricity performance:
• EP (Extreme Pressure Test)
This test produces an indication of the film strength of the fluid being tested by
applying a measured force to a torque-sensitive bearing cup with the torque arm at
high shear rate 1000 RPM.
• Lubricity (Surface to Surface Drag Test)
The more common lubricity test measures fluid resistance of various lubricating
additives. For the standard lubricity coefficient test, 150 in-pounds of force (the
equivalent of 5,000 to 10,000 PSI pressure on the intermediate fluid) is applied
between two hardened steel surfaces, a block, and a ring rotating at 60 RPM.
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
Picture (8)

9. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
FRM-203
- Lubricity performance in KCL brine:
300 ppm Fe+3
190 Deg F
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
2 % KCl + 0.5 % + 1.0 % + 1.5 % + 2.0 % + 3.0 %
FRICTION
REDUCTION
FRICTION
COF
SAMPLE ID
FRM-203 in 2% KCL
Average CoF Friction Reduction
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
5 % KCl + 0.5 % + 1.0 % + 1.5 % + 2.0 % + 3.0 %
FRICTION
REDUCTION
FRICTION
COF
SAMPLE ID
FRM-203 in 5% KCL
Average CoF Friction Reduction
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
5 % KCl + 0.5 % + 1.0 % + 1.5 % + 2.0 % + 3.0 %
FRICTION
REDUCTION
FRICTION
COF
SAMPLE ID
FRM-203 in 7.5% KCL
Average CoF Friction Reduction

10. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
FRM-203
- Lubricity performance in CaCL2 brine:
300 ppm Fe+3
190 Deg F
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
5 % CaCl2 + 0.5 % + 1.0 % + 1.5 % + 2.0 % + 3.0 %
FRICTION
REDUCTION
FRICTION
COF
SAMPLE ID
FRM-203 in 5% CaCL2
Average CoF Friction Reduction
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
10 % CaCl2 + 0.5 % + 1.0 % + 1.5 % + 2.0 % + 3.0 %
FRICTION
REDUCTION
FRICTION
COF
SAMPLE ID
FRM-203 in 10% CaCL2
Average CoF Friction Reduction
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
10 % CaCl2 + 0.5 % + 1.0 % + 1.5 % + 2.0 % + 3.0 %
FRICTION
REDUCTION
FRICTION
COF
SAMPLE ID
FRM-203 in 20% CaCL2
Average CoF Friction Reduction

11. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
FRM-203
- Lubricity performance in NaCL brine:
300 ppm Fe+3
190 Deg F
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
5 % CaCl2 + 0.5 % + 1.0 % + 1.5 % + 2.0 % + 3.0 %
FRICTION
REDUCTION
FRICTION
COF
SAMPLE ID
FRM-203 in 5% NaCL
Average CoF Friction Reduction
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
5 % CaCl2 + 0.5 % + 1.0 % + 1.5 % + 2.0 % + 3.0 %
FRICTION
REDUCTION
FRICTION
COF
SAMPLE ID
FRM-203 in 10% NaCL
Average CoF Friction Reduction

12. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
FRM-203
- Greasing:
• 1% FRM-203 in 5% KCL was tested for:
a) Greasing tendency at 250 Deg F using grid rotor of HPHT viscometer, applying 80
ft/min. equiv. for 6 hrs.
b) Wettability on C95 coupon surface using optical tensiometer contact angel
measurement.
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
Picture (6) Picture (7)

13. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
FRM-203
- Core flooding:
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
Picture (9)

14. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
FRM-203
- Core flooding:
1% FRM-203 in 5% KCL
Indiana Limestone core
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
MN-1 7.620 3.763 13.19 -- 15.56 5.3 194.00
0.5 1 2
∆P1 ∆P2 ∆P3
MN-1 8.01 15.80 32.00 9.43 9.45 9.44
0.5 1 2
∆P1 ∆P2 ∆P3
MN-1 8.29 16.54 32.66 9.11 9.13 9.25
Permeability After
Samnple ID
Flow rate (cc/min) Brine Permeability (md)
KB1 KB2 KB2
∆P (psi)
Sample ID
Flow rate (cc/min) Brine Permeability (md)
KB1 KB2 KB2
∆P (psi)
Kair (mD) Dry wt (g) Wet wt (g)
Permeability Before
Sample ID L (cm) D (cm) Pore Voume (cc) By gas Porosity (%)
Table (2)

15. Metal-Metal Friction Reducer
FRM-203
- Field case:
MNCHEM CONFIDENTIAL
CT Size 2.375 in
Simulated lockup depth without FR 15,783 ft
Simulated lockup depth with FR 17,630 ft @ Friction Coeef. 0.37
Actual lockup depth without FR 13,520 ft
Actual lockup depth with FR 18,120 ft
Friction Coeff. Reach 18,120 ft by simulation 0.33
Table (3)

16. THANK YOU
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