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1. FLEXIBLE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF STAND-ALONE PV POWER
GENERATION WITH ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE
ABSTRACT
A standalone photovoltaic (PV) system with energy storage requires a complex control
architecture to take into account the various operating modes. In many cases, a supervisory
controller is necessary to manage the change of the control architecture according to the applied
mode. This paper presents a flexible architecture of a PV power conditioning system with energy
storage. The proposed conditioning unit contains a boost converter (BC), a single-phase inverter,
and a bidirectional dc/dc converter connected to the PV side of the BC. The BC regulates the dc-
link bus-voltage. The bidirectional dc/dc converter endures battery bank charge/discharge control
and PV maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Such architecture guarantees non change in
controller configuration when the storage disconnects. Therefore, the previously needed
supervisory controller is eliminated. A system control strategy based on sliding-mode control
(SMC) ensures a reliable output voltage regulation such as fast dynamic response, small steady-
state error, and low total harmonic distortion (THD) under step changes and nonlinear loads. The
controller structure, the dynamic behavior, and the design procedures are introduced. Finally, the
validity of the proposed module with control strategy is verified through hardware experiments
on a 500-W prototype test bed with a single TMS320F28335 DSP module.