In this issue we will be looking at the changes in environmental legislation, in particular the UK’s Energy Savings Opportunity Scheme and how it impacts the built environment. Data centres have gone through many changes over time and we will be looking at the current trend of providing energy to data centres. Finally we will be looking into how intelligent building design is being utilised within the residential sector to create unique technological living spaces. Paul Flatt, Chairman Hurley Palmer Flatt

1. Also in this issue
Trends in Providing Energy to Data Centres
Intelligent building in the residential sector
JANUARY 2015www.hurleypalmerflatt.com
Energy
Savings
Opportunity
Scheme

2. 2 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 3
ARTICLE TITLESECTION TITLE SECTION TITLEARTICLE TITLE
Contents
ENERGY
SAVINGS
OPPORTUNITY
SCHEME
Editor: Dominique Varleigh
Contributors:
Richard Whitaker Energy & Sustainability Director
Oliver Morgan AV Consultant
Robert Thorogood Technical Director
Designer: Richard Cotterill
6
8
4 ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITY
ENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEME
6 MISSION CRITICAL ENGINEERING
TRENDS IN PROVIDING ENERGY TO DATA CENTRES
8 RESIDENTIAL ENGINEERING
INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN THE RESIDENTIAL
SECTOR
In this issue of
We will be looking at the changes in
environmental legislation, in particular
the UK’s Energy Savings Opportunity
Scheme and how it impacts the built
environment.
Data centres have gone through many
changes over time and we will be looking
at the current trend of providing energy
to data centres.
Finally we will be looking into how
intelligent building design is being
utilised within the residential sector to
create unique technological living spaces.
Paul Flatt, Chairman Hurley Palmer Flatt

3. 4 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 5
SECTION TITLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITYENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEMEENERGY SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY SCHEME
The UK’s Energy Savings
Opportunity Scheme (ESOS)
is a mandatory energy
assessment and energy saving
identification scheme for
large undertakings (and their
corporate groups). The scheme
applies throughout the UK.
Richard Whitaker,
Hurley Palmer Flatt
Director, highlights
the new legislation
surrounding article
eight of the EU
Energy Efficiency
Directive and how it
affects corporates.
In the UK ESOS has been established by the
Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) in
response to the requirement for all Member States of
the European Union to implement article eight of the
Energy Efficiency Directive (‘the Directive’)
The first phase of ESOS became law on the 7 July 2014
requiring all participants to be compliant with the scheme by
5 December 2015.
If you are a business within the UK that meets the threshold
criteria below, the requirement to participate in the scheme is
mandatory. If you are an international client that has operations
in the UK meeting the criteria, consideration should be given to
how you will comply with this as this will also be a mandatory
requirement.
The fundamentals of the scheme are being implemented in
all EU Member States, and although it is not called ESOS, the
equivalent legislation will need to be conformed to if you have
operations in EU countries that also meet the criteria below.
Does my business need to comply with ESOS?
As a business, you will need to participate in the first phase of
ESOS if your venture is either:
1. A business which has 250 or more employees in the UK.
2. A business which has fewer than 250 employees, but has
an annual turnover exceeding €50m and a balance sheet
exceeding €43m.
3. Part of a corporate group which includes an undertaking
that meets criteria one or two above.
What do I have to do to comply with ESOS?
An ESOS Assessment requires participants to do three things:
1. Measure your total energy consumption
You must measure your total energy consumption across
your building’s transport and industrial activities.
2. Conduct energy audits to identify cost-effective energy
efficiency recommendations
You must ensure that at least 90% of your total energy
consumption is subject to an ESOS compliant energy audit,
a Display Energy Certificate, a Green Deal assessment or a
certified ISO 50001 Energy Management System during each
phase of the scheme.
Unless your total energy consumption is covered by a
certified ISO 50001 Energy Management System, you
must ensure that your ESOS Assessment is conducted or
reviewed by a qualified lead assessor.
3. Report compliance to the Environment Agency (as the
scheme administrator)
By 5 December 2015, you must notify the Environment
Agency (as the scheme administrator) that you have
complied with the scheme. Prior to notifying the
Environment Agency, you must ensure that your ESOS
assessment has been reviewed by a board level director
and approved by a lead assessor.
The ESOS cycle is a four-year cycle, after the first
submission by 5 December 2015; the next required
submission will be 2019.
ENERGY SAVINGS
OPPORTUNITY
SCHEME
THE NEW STATUTORY
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
Route to compliance Advantage Disadvantage
ESOS Energy Audits
Covers all energy uses – buildings, industrial processes and transport
Can draw on data from existing energy efficiency compliance activities, such as CRC and
CCAs to the extent that these support compliance
Organisations can use existing energy auditing/measurement activity to support compliance
(e.g. Carbon Trust Standard or CEMARS) provided that these are carried out in a way that
meets the minimum requirements for ESOS audits
ISO 50001
Part of an overall energy management system for effective management of energy
consumption
ISO 50001 could be employed by a multinational company across its operations. This
would likely mean that for any operations qualifying for audits under other European
Mandatory Auditing Schemes, the requirements would be met through the energy
management system
Additional effort, above minimum ESOS
requirements, may be required to maintain a
certified ISO 50001 energy management system
Display Energy Certificates Low cost assessment
Restricted to building energy use including regulated
energy (such as heating and building fabric) but also
lifts, and small power, for example IT use
A certificate is needed for each individual building,
so it is less suitable for large portfolios
Which compliance route is best for me?
The appropriate compliance route for ESOS will very much depend on your business type, the size of your estate and the energy use across the business.
Certain routes may be more time consuming to the business in the short term, but will yield greater potential long term for cost, carbon and energy saving.
A summary of each compliance route is as follows:
Who will regulate ESOS?
The Environment Agency will be the governing body for ESOS.
What happens if I should be in ESOS but fail to provide the
necessary compliance?
A recent update to the ESOS legislation now states that companies
will be penalised for the following failure to comply with ESOS
regulations:
• For failure to undertake an ESOS Assessment there will be a
discretionary penalty of up to £90,000
• For failure to maintain adequate records to demonstrate
compliance with ESOS the penalty that can be applied is
£5,000 plus costs for the EA’s auditing activities
• The Environment Agency will have the power to publish
information about non-compliance on their website which will
be available to the public
• In addition, there is up to a £5,000 plus £500 per day penalty
for ignoring notifications from EA, plus £50,000 for giving
misleading information
What if I have a significant number of sites, surely I don’t
need to have each site audited?
It is a necessity within ESOS to have between 90-100% of energy
use covered by a compliant route. Through discussions with various
accreditation bodies, Hurley Palmer Flatt understand that sampling
of buildings should be allowed in the forthcoming Technical Manual
to be produced by the Environment Agency and have agreed that
the following process may be acceptable.
1. Provide the client with a set of questions in spreadsheet format,
all of which will be readily accessible and will include power
consumption, GIA and typically those questions which are
required within a valid DEC.
2. Guide the client through the questions to ensure that they are
validly answered.
The purpose of the spreadsheet is to break the building portfolio
into specific building types in some detail.
We envisage that estates which have a large amount of similar buildings,
for example, retail outlets, will need to be broken down further into
sub-types. Only when each sub-set is established, will it provide the
basis of the high level minimum sampling required. For each sub-set we
would then look at the lowest median and highest energy use sites, and
that data would then provide the sampling benchmark.
The client will need a report on all sites, but only ones that have
been sampled would need a site visit. We would produce a desktop
audit for all remaining locations at a rate considerably below those
sites which would require a site visit.
What if I am a tenant in a building, who is responsible for
ESOS, myself or the landlord?
Where energy is supplied from a landlord to a tenant and the
amount of that energy is measured/metered, and known by the
tenant, the tenant must include this in their ESOS Assessment.
Where energy is provided from a landlord to a tenant and the
amount of that energy is not measured and known to the tenant, for
example, where the energy is covered within the service charge, the
landlord must include that energy as part of their ESOS Assessment.
If a property changes ownership during any four year
period, which owner has the responsibility for ESOS
on a given property when it changes hands?
Assets that are sold after the qualification date, but before the
compliance date, do not need to be audited. The energy use of such
assets in the reference period does not need to be included in the
participant’s total energy consumption. In the case of the next 12
months, if a property is sold after the 31 December 2014 and before the
compliance of 5 December 2015, you do not need to audit the asset.
Assets purchased after the qualification date but before the
compliance date do not need to be audited. The energy use of such
assets in the reference period does not need to be included in the
participant’s total energy consumption.
How can Hurley Palmer Flatt help?
Hurley Palmer Flatt have the capabilities and lead assessors to deliver
a complete package for ESOS compliance. We have the capabilities to
support all compliance routes including implementation of ISO 50001,
Display Energy Certificates and ESOS approved Energy Audits.

4. 6 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 7
MISSION CRITICAL ENGINEERING
Robert Thorogood,
Hurley Palmer Flatt
Technical Director,
highlights the
continuing pressure
in the data centre
market to reduce
energy usage and
minimising carbon
footprint.
There is continuing pressure in the data centre
market; whether as an end-user, a collocation
provider or other organisation, to reduce energy
usage and minimise their carbon footprint.
The focus over the last few years has been to use
alternative cooling systems and UPS technologies to
minimise losses, make best use of free-cooling from the
local climate, and arrange systems in their most effective
and efficient manner over the whole IT load profile,
particularly at part load.
TRENDS IN PROVIDING
ENERGY TO DATA
CENTRES
This focus has generated some stunning results; PUEs are
regularly being delivered at 1.25 or below when at full capacity.
Energy use has dropped per unit power delivered to IT loads
but IT loads have not reduced and continue to rise as demand
continues to grow, despite virtualisation and better use of data
centres from an IT perspective.
So where is the focus now? The fundamental IT load is not
going to go away even if you had a PUE of 1.0. Even taking into
account the new methods of calculating PUE, you still have to
provide the power or energy to feed the IT load. So the focus is
now on how you provide power or the energy.
With all our projects now, you would look at the types of
sources available in a country (hydro, wind and biomass) and
you would look at how energy can be generated locally or
on-site. This is quite common, but how do you connect it in
without affecting resilience?
MISSION CRITICAL ENGINEERING
In addition, there are now data centres which are significantly
larger in their overall IT load capacity that could be built-out
on a site, typically over the last few years IT loads of 5MW to
20MW have been common.
But with scaling using modular build-outs, sites with IT loads
of 25MW to 100MW are now being planned or proposed. The
question is, do current principle designs scale up to these
larger build-outs?
There is a preference to design new-build sites that are carbon
neutral (it will be a requirement in the EU from 2019) and this
means that we will have to think radically as to how power is
provided to the site. One possible solution is to be extremely
radical and change the way the infrastructure to a data centre
is formed.
Figure 1 (above) shows an example build-out of multiple data
centres each with their own IT load, UPS and cooling and
generator plant. Figure 2 (below) is a radical alternative; the
standby generation is now centralised and combined by using
engines that are dual fuel, this is gas and diesel.
The outcome of this is that you can lose the need for a large
>110kV and above utility connection which takes years to
provide and plan.
It’s food for thought, however the way that energy/power is
provided to data centres will have to radically change in the
future!
G G G G G G G G
Dual Fuel Generators
(Gas/Diesel)
Dual fuel
generators at
N+2 only,
located in
energy centre
x3 cabled supplies
x3 cabled supplies
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
A side – 11kV B side – 11kV
Figure 2
Figure 1
G G G
G G G
G G G G G G G G G
G G GG G GG G G
G
G = 1760kW/2200kVA generator for ‘N’ load
Incoming utility supply 32MW
= 1760kW/2200kVA generator for ‘+1’
x3 cabled supplies
x3 cabled supplies
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
Data Centre
2400kW IT Load
A side – 11kV B side – 11kV

5. 8 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 9
SECTION TITLE ARTICLE TITLE RESIDENTIAL ENGINEERINGINTELLIGENT BUILDING IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
INTELLIGENT
BUILDING IN THE
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Developers in the prime residential
sector are increasingly turning
to AV and IT technologies to
enhance their schemes, creating
a more intuitive and automated
living environment.
With reports suggesting that over the next ten years
there will be in excess of 20,000 units delivered in
the London market alone, the choices developers
take on the technology for these schemes will
become increasingly important.
The number of independent technology consultants operating
in the residential sector is small when compared with the
commercial office fit-out sector. As such developers have
often taken advice from AV integrators on the technology
solutions they should implement in their schemes. In addition
developers are often under pressure from a marketing
perspective to keep up with the specification of rival schemes
and therefore may include certain hardware on the basis that
others have taken the decision to include it.
This approach is, in our opinion, a potential detriment to the
scheme. The issues with this approach will only worsen as the
relatively small AV integrators in this sector become stretched
by the quantity of schemes coming to market.
Residential technology overview
The AV and IT technologies that are typical on prime residential
schemes can be logically separated into two discrete
categories; ‘landlord systems’ and ‘apartment systems’ (details
on the next page).
Challenges
The design approach to apartment systems can vary widely, and
is the subject of much focus on projects. A wrong decision has
the potential to cause commissioning and operational issues
later in the project programme or indeed after completion.
For any prime residential apartment it is expected that there
will be extensive cabling infrastructure to support the control
systems and distribution of data, video and audio. Indeed
one can expect there to be integrated controls that provide
an intuitive interface for control of lighting, blinds, door entry
systems and HVAC.
There is a divergence in approach regarding the extent of
‘AV’ equipment that developers provide the purchaser prior
to occupation.
Many choose to adopt a ‘halfway house’ approach in that they
will provide some AV equipment. This might include some
multi-zone audio, speakers and bathroom displays for example.
This would be fine except that many apartment owners will want
to add their own AV hardware after handover of their apartment.
This can cause issues because the integrated control system
that has brought together the control of all the home automation,
is often a proprietary manufacturers’ system which requires
bespoke programming by the integrator’s programmer if it is
to provide control over the additional hardware. So as soon as
they accept their apartment and enquire about adding/changing
the AV hardware, they are presented with a costly quotation for
programmer services and having to provide access to engineers
for what could amount to days to test and commission the
control of the additional hardware. None of this is an ideal first
impression for the new apartment owner.
There are other issues that arise as a result of this
situation including:
The integrators on-site resource that completes the remaining
phased handover of apartments on a floor by floor basis,
become distracted by the new requests to make changes or
add hardware.
Each apartment now has different programming codes making
the support of the systems harder to administer.
The choice of hardware that the developer has chosen to install
for day one may dictate the additional hardware that an owner
could add to the system, thus limiting them from using their
preferred AV platforms without deciding to ignore the installed
systems and move to a separate control interface.
Owners are unlikely to change the lighting and HVAC hardware
in their apartments; however the AV systems will most likely
be upgraded or added to frequently. Every time an owner
decides to do this they would need to involve the programming
company if they wanted to retain control through the home
automation systems control interface.
Oliver Morgan,
Hurley Palmer
Flatt, AV Consultant
discusses the
increasing use of
technology within
the residential
sector to enhance
their schemes.
One could suggest the apartments should only be installed with
infrastructure. The pace of change in the consumer AV market
is extremely fast and the choice of products and platforms are
now large which is another reason for such an approach. Many
products now coming to market are controllable via a variety of
methods such as:
»» IR remotes
»» IP
»» Android applications
»» iOS applications
»» Hand gestures
»» Voice recognition
This allows users to control these devices from a variety of
wireless devices that they own and they are free to upgrade
and change hardware as they wish.
In summary the pros and cons of this suggested approach are
as follows:
Pros
»» Flexible infrastructure allows owners to make choices on the
AV technology that meet their specific needs and not those
determined by the developer
»» AV controls are kept separate from the home automation
system meaning that should either system be offline due
to hardware failure/upgrades, etc. the other system is not
effected
»» The developer is not procuring technology that may become
outdated by the time the owners move in
»» Owners can upgrade/change their AV technology at any
point without engaging with the third party programmers
»» Owners can bring in their own hardware on day one
and have it working immediately utilising the installed
infrastructure
»» Owners can use their own wireless devices such as phones/
tablets, etc. for control and do not need to involve third party
programmers when they change these devices
»» Neither the developer nor apartment owner is tied into any
service contract or requirement to have a service contract
with an AV company
»» Active AV hardware systems that may be included with
the premium apartments will be significantly more
cost- effective when compared with the typical integrated
home automation platform hardware equivalent products
Cons
»» Remote access to control AV systems from locations away
from the apartment may be more challenging/not viable
»» The marketing department will not be able to refer to active
AV systems being provided as part of the fit-out in the one
and two bedroom apartments
»» Owners will have to use either two separate interfaces such
as a wall mounted keypad and their own wireless device to
control HVAC/lighting or AV respectively. Another option is to
use two different control applications on the same wireless
device to control the HVAC/Lighting or AV respectively

6. 10 criticalthinking www.hurleypalmerflatt.com criticalthinking 11
INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR INTELLIGENT BUILDING IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTORRESIDENTIAL ENGINEERING RESIDENTIAL ENGINEERING
Apartment systems
The apartment systems can include all the AV and IT
systems for the integrated control of the apartment and
general entertainment. This can include extensive cabling
infrastructure to support the distribution of data, video and
audio throughout the apartment.
A key element of the apartments’ AV and IT infrastructure
strategy is a Home Network Distribution System (HNDS)
into which the apartments’ internal TV, AV and IT cabling
infrastructure is terminated and to nearby, any incoming
services such as TV, internet and telephone are presented.
This is in essence a wall mounted enclosure with various
patch panels for distributing data, TV and video/audio
throughout the apartment.
The enclosure should be as shallow as possible to
maximise the amount of space available for an active
equipment rack.
Touch panels and keypads for the control of a variety of
systems including door entry, lighting, blinds, HVAC, AV, etc.
An apartment control system allows occupants to control
various elements of their apartment, e.g. audio-visual
systems, HVAC systems, lighting and blinds, video entry
systems, etc.
The control interface may be a mixture of keypads, touch
panels of apps on user devices such as iOS/Android
handsets and tablets.
Multi-zone audio distribution systems and speakers
Multi-zone audio distribution can be achieved by providing
a central multi-zone amplifier that distributes audio to the
speakers throughout the apartment via the speaker cabling
infrastructure.
Multi-zone video distribution systems
There are now a variety of manufacturers producing
good quality 4K compliant video distribution matrices
that utilise the structured cabling for signal distribution.
These typically come in four input/four output chassis or
eight input/eight output chassis with input/output cards
used to populate that chassis as required.
Bathroom or kitchen TVs
The provision of interactive displays for use in the
kitchen area or in-tile/mirror TV’s in bathrooms can help
differentiate schemes.
Remote access to apartment systems
The ability for apartment owners to control the technology in
their apartments whilst away from home is now commonplace.
However developers should be careful with how this element
is designed as there are significant security implications if not
done correctly.
Landlord systems
The landlord systems include the site-wide infrastructure for all the central AV and IT systems that deliver services to the apartments
and Front of House (FOH) areas. This typically includes:
Concierge services
A dedicated concierge package may be implemented that
allows residents to utilise a concierge service through a variety
of devices such as:
»» PC – web based access
»» iPad/iPhone
»» Android/BlackBerry, etc
A concierge system can be tailored to offer an extensive list of
features and some of the more common features include:
»» Managing guest lists
»» Valet
»» Communication with property managers
»» Reservation of in-house services such as meeting rooms/
spas, etc
»» Viewing of building security cameras
»» Reporting of faults
»» Delivery management
»» External services such as restaurants/theatre/flowers, etc
»» In-house event notifications
Fibre To The Premises (FTTP) broadband and
telephone services
Many new residential schemes are now able to install the
infrastructure for the BT Openreach FTTP service.
In addition, some developers choose to install private
circuit services, some of which claim to offer 1GB internet
service speeds.
Residents’ amenities including services to gyms,
screening rooms, spas, etc
The Residents’ amenities are an important feature on many
prime residential schemes offering exclusive facilities for
residents, these often include:
»» Residents’ lounge
»» Gym and spa facilities
»» Screening room
Converged landlords’ network to support the above and
various other building management technologies such a
voice, WLAN, BMS, etc.
Satellite, TV, and radio feeds from a central satellite
dish farm
A building-wide TV distribution infrastructure is typically
provided; this consists of a dish farm with circa four satellite
dishes to offer a comprehensive range of access to UK
and foreign satellites and channels to cater for all the likely
requirements of residents and FOH areas.
Door entry/access control systems
Access control can take varying forms in prime residential
schemes. Traditionally access control systems comprised
of dedicated analogue audio, and in most cases video relay
between building entry points and apartments.
We have observed a migration from analogue systems to IP
systems operating on the landlords’ LAN. This has meant
the opportunity for control system manufacturers to offer
inter-operability with their touch panels, now negating the
requirement for dedicated analogue panels.

7. Building Services Engineering | Energy and Sustainability | Building Structures and Surveying | IT and Security Consultancy
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