Some Latin and Greek roots to help students understand Medical and Legal Terms. (Hypo, Hyper, tomy, oma)

1. Medical and Legal Terms from Ancient
Latin and Greek
•“oma”
•“tomy”
•“Hyper”
•“Hypo”

2. “—OMA”
Tumor;
fluid collection

3. Carcinoma
• a cancer arising in the
epithelial tissue of the
skin or of the lining of the
internal organs.
• common types of
carcinoma:
– Basal cell carcinoma
– Squamous cell carcinoma
– cell carcinoma
– Ductal carcinoma in situ
(DCIS)
– Invasive ductal carcinoma
– Adenocarcinoma

4. glaucoma
• n. - Dimness or
abolition of sight, with a
diminution of
transparency, a bluish
or greenish tinge of the
refracting media of the
eye, and a hard inelastic
condition of the eyeball,
with marked increase of
tension within the
eyeball.

5. Hematoma
• A localized swelling that is
filled with blood caused
by a break in the wall of a
blood vessel. The
breakage may be
spontaneous, as in the
case of an aneurysm, or
caused by trauma. The
blood is usually clotted or
partially clotted, and it
exists within an organ or
in a soft tissue space,
such as muscle.

6. lymphoma
• A tumor having a
structure resembling
that of a lymphatic
gland.
• Lymphoma is a cancer
that starts in cells that
are part of the body's
immune system.

7. “Tomy”
Means to cut out or
cut.

8. anatomy
• The art of dissecting, or
artificially separating
the different parts of
any organized body, to
discover their situation,
structure, and
economy; dissection.

9. tracheotomy
• The operation
of making an
opening into
the windpipe

10. Oophorectomy :excision of ovary
click here to pronounce this word correctly
• Oophorectomy is the
surgical removal of the
ovaries, the part of a
woman's reproductive
system that stores and
releases eggs for
fertilization and produces
female sex hormones.
Oophorectomy may be
done alone or as part of a
hysterectomy.

11. hysterectomy
• A hysterectomy is a
surgery to remove a
woman's uterus (also
known as the womb). The
uterus is where a baby
grows when a woman is
pregnant. During the
surgery the whole uterus
is usually removed. Your
doctor may also remove
your fallopian tubes and
ovaries.

12. arthrotomy
• An arthrotomy is the
creation of an opening
in a joint that may be
used in drainage.

13. appendectomy
• meaning cut out
excision of appendix

14. Phlebotomy
• incision of vein

15. Tonsillectomy
• (ton-sih-LEK-tuh-me) is
the surgical removal of
the tonsils, two oval-
shaped pads of tissue at
the back of the throat —
one tonsil on each side. A
tonsillectomy was once a
common procedure to
treat infection and
inflammation of the
tonsils (tonsillitis).

16. Hyper
Vs.
Hypo

17. Hypo
•Hypo
• deficient;
below; under;
less than
normal
•Hyper
• above;
excessive

18. Hypertension
• Hypertension (HTN or
HT), also known as high
blood pressure, is a long
term medical condition
in which the blood
pressure in the arteries
is persistently elevated.

19. Hypotension
• Hypotension is low
blood pressure,
especially in the arteries
of the systemic
circulation. Blood
pressure is the force of
blood pushing against
the walls of the arteries
as the heart pumps out
blood.

20. Hyperactive
• unusually or abnormally
active :
• (of children) displaying
exaggerated physical
activity sometimes
associated with
neurologic or
psychologic causes.

21. Hypoactive
• Hypoactive sexual
desire disorder (HSDD)
or inhibited sexual
desire (ISD) is
considered a sexual
dysfunction and is
characterized as a lack
or absence of sexual
fantasies and desire for
sexual activity, as
judged by a clinician.

22. Hyperacuity
• an extreme acuteness
(of the senses)
– Extremely sensitive
sense of smell, sight,
hearing, touch, etc.

23. Hyperphagia
• (also referred to as
Polyphagia) is a serious
eating disorder defined
as an extreme
unsatisfied drive to
consume food. A person
with hyperphagia may
keep eating food to the
point where they
experience gastric pain
or even vomiting.

24. Hypophagia
• is a reduction in food
intake and eating
behavior. The opposite
effect is hyperphagia

25. Hypothermia
• Hypothermia is a
medical emergency that
occurs when your body
loses heat faster than it
can produce heat,
causing a dangerously
low body temperature.
Normal body
temperature is around
98.6 F

26. Hyperthermia
• Hyperthermia:
Overheating of
the body,
possibly due to
extreme
weather
conditions.