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1 of 13
Directe en indirecte oorzaken van
gewelddadig extremisme
Dia 1 van 13
 Cross sectioneel onderzoek
 RADIMED-project (UGent & UCL)
 Secundaire data analyse
 Web –survey/zelfrapportage survey
 6020 respondenten
BELSPO
Dia 2 van 13
“While radicals might by violent or not, might be democrats or not, extremists are never
democrats. Their state of mind tolerates no diversity. They are also positively in favour of
the use of force to obtain and maintain political power. Extremists generally tend to have
inflexible ‘closed minds’ adhering to a simplified mono-causal interpretation of the world
where you are either with them or against them, part of the problem or part of the
solution. Radicals, on the other hand, have historically tended to be more open to
rationality and pragmatic compromise, without abandoning their search for getting to the
root of the problem” (Schmid, 2013, p.10).
Gewelddadig extremisme = gedragsmatige component
 Links, rechts en religieus gewelddadig
extremisme
Dia 3 van 13
Gewelddadig extremisme tegenover
eigendommen:
 Iets in brand steken, op straat iets vernield
hebben,…
Gewelddadig extremisme tegenover
personen:
 Iemand op straat/internet bedreigd,
buitenlander/racist geslagen,…
Omwille van politieke/religieuze overtuigingen
Dia 4 van 13
Situationele actie theorie (SAT)
Het situationele model toegepast op
gewelddadig extremisme
Dia 5 van 13
Propensity (Neiging tot gewelddadig
extremisme):
 Morele ondersteuning voor gewelddadig extremisme,
sensatiezoekend gedrag, impulsiviteit, religieus
autoritarisme
Exposure (Blootstelling aan extremistische
boodschappen via nieuwe sociale media):
 Actief extremistisch contact/extremistische communicatie
 Passieve blootstelling aan extremistische boodschappen
via TM/NSM
Dia 6 van 13
Interactie (causaal mechanisme)
Dia 7 van 13
Elaboratie SAT: Indirecte oorzaken
Geïntegreerd conceptueel interactioneel (ontwikkelingsecologische)
aliënatie-model ter verklaring van gewelddadig extremisme
Dia 8 van 13
Cumulatieve lage sociale integratie:
 Sociale bindingen school, schoolintegratie, falen op
school, ouderlijke sociale bindingen en controle,
ouderlijke gehechtheid, familiale situatie
Subjectieve aliënatie:
 Politiële procedurele rechtvaardigheid, politielegitimiteit,
gepercipieerde politieke machteloosheid
Dia 9 van 13
Morele ondersteuning voor gewelddadig extremisme = zowel voor
links, rechts en religieus gewelddadig extremisme
 ZONDER impulsiviteit, sensatiezoekend gedrag en religieus
autoritarisme (geen statische eigenschappen !!!)
Dia 10 van 13
Interactie effecten stabiel?
Dia 11 van 13
Resultaten
Dia 12 van 13
Dia 13 van 13

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Directe en indirecte oorzaken van gewelddadig extremisme

  • 1. Directe en indirecte oorzaken van gewelddadig extremisme Dia 1 van 13
  • 2.  Cross sectioneel onderzoek  RADIMED-project (UGent & UCL)  Secundaire data analyse  Web –survey/zelfrapportage survey  6020 respondenten BELSPO Dia 2 van 13
  • 3. “While radicals might by violent or not, might be democrats or not, extremists are never democrats. Their state of mind tolerates no diversity. They are also positively in favour of the use of force to obtain and maintain political power. Extremists generally tend to have inflexible ‘closed minds’ adhering to a simplified mono-causal interpretation of the world where you are either with them or against them, part of the problem or part of the solution. Radicals, on the other hand, have historically tended to be more open to rationality and pragmatic compromise, without abandoning their search for getting to the root of the problem” (Schmid, 2013, p.10). Gewelddadig extremisme = gedragsmatige component  Links, rechts en religieus gewelddadig extremisme Dia 3 van 13
  • 4. Gewelddadig extremisme tegenover eigendommen:  Iets in brand steken, op straat iets vernield hebben,… Gewelddadig extremisme tegenover personen:  Iemand op straat/internet bedreigd, buitenlander/racist geslagen,… Omwille van politieke/religieuze overtuigingen Dia 4 van 13
  • 5. Situationele actie theorie (SAT) Het situationele model toegepast op gewelddadig extremisme Dia 5 van 13
  • 6. Propensity (Neiging tot gewelddadig extremisme):  Morele ondersteuning voor gewelddadig extremisme, sensatiezoekend gedrag, impulsiviteit, religieus autoritarisme Exposure (Blootstelling aan extremistische boodschappen via nieuwe sociale media):  Actief extremistisch contact/extremistische communicatie  Passieve blootstelling aan extremistische boodschappen via TM/NSM Dia 6 van 13
  • 8. Elaboratie SAT: Indirecte oorzaken Geïntegreerd conceptueel interactioneel (ontwikkelingsecologische) aliënatie-model ter verklaring van gewelddadig extremisme Dia 8 van 13
  • 9. Cumulatieve lage sociale integratie:  Sociale bindingen school, schoolintegratie, falen op school, ouderlijke sociale bindingen en controle, ouderlijke gehechtheid, familiale situatie Subjectieve aliënatie:  Politiële procedurele rechtvaardigheid, politielegitimiteit, gepercipieerde politieke machteloosheid Dia 9 van 13
  • 10. Morele ondersteuning voor gewelddadig extremisme = zowel voor links, rechts en religieus gewelddadig extremisme  ZONDER impulsiviteit, sensatiezoekend gedrag en religieus autoritarisme (geen statische eigenschappen !!!) Dia 10 van 13