Social Media Has Become A Political Outlet For Civilians...

Social Media Has Become A Political Outlet For Civilians...
With the advancing globalized society that we live in, social media has become a political outlet for
civilians of the interconnected world. Through this technological circuit, citizens are able to speak
freely about the issues that concern them, giving them the ability to connect with others who share
the same perspective. Looking through a development perspective, it is evident that social media
outlets, for example twitter, have lead to major political uproar, such as the Arab Uprisings of 2011,
or as popularized by the Western media, "The Arab Spring". At this time, the demands of the
protestors in the Arab region indicated their desire for greater social and economic justice and were
made as a response to the growing concern regarding the Egyptian economy's tie into the capitalist
world market (Haynes, 2013). The Arab Spring was not solely a revolt against authoritarian regimes
but also expressions of a crisis caused by the imbalanced social order brought upon by neoliberal
policies (Bogaert, 2013). During this time, citizenry relied heavily on social media to spread
information and promote insurgent agendas. Globalization and the technological facets of our
hegemonic society have allowed for regular civilians to become part of the political system as
exemplified through the use of social media during the Arab Spring.
December 2010 was the commencement of a milestone in the Middle East, as resentment towards
the lack of freedom, unemployment, and declining wages led to
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Stereotypes in the American Media Essay
Stereotypes in the American Media
Propaganda is an effective device that is used to influence and manipulate human behavior by
appealing to emotions. When propaganda is combined with stereotypes, it usually produces negative
results. A simplified view of a group of people, spread by mass communication can cause people to
be more narrow–minded and can alter their perspective. Living in the Information Age, people are
exposed to a constant stream of ideas and images. These ideas can reflect the views of those with a
hidden agenda. They can also produce a generality about something that people are not familiar
with, therefore readily accept the stereotype. There are many examples of propaganda from recent
times that include stereotypes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the movie "The Siege" starring Bruce Willis and Denzel Washington premiered in 1998, it
was met with protest in Michigan. Nizam Arain, who belongs to the Muslim Community
Association thought that Hollywood went too far with the Arab stereotype. He was quoted as
saying: "To have the American public aware of the existence of Muslim terrorists is the job of the
news media. But the purpose of the film is entertainment" (CNN 1998). After September 11, 2001,
Arab–Americans were the targets of hate. "Mosques were firebombed, Arab–Americans were
vocally abused and physically attacked, and at least six persons of Arab descent were murdered"
(Lester 2002). This can be attributed to the false stereotype that the media created that all Arabs are
terrorists, because that is what they are predominately portrayed as.
The 2003 War with Iraq also bred further stereotypes in the American media. Those who expressed
the view that they opposed the war were labeled "un–American' and 'unpatriotic' and even
supporters of Saddam Hussein. The mass amount of American symbolism, from the radio waves
filled with 'God Bless America' to a surge in anything that incorporated the American flag, was
propaganda to encourage people to be 'more American' and unite behind the President in

Cultural Narratives Influence On Society
In the short amount of time that humanity has inhabited this planet, we have managed to leave a
bigger imprint than any other species. The human population is well over 7 billion individuals and
the presence of humanity is extended to all four corners of the globe. As a result of the large
population, intellectual superiority, and the wide range of human existence, humanity has naturally
transformed into a diverse populace. Consequently, cultural narratives are prominent in our daily
lives and play a role in shaping our social interactions, opinions, and lifestyles. The influence of
cultural narratives have only expanded with the growth in technology. Technology provides a
platform for individuals to be connected with regions on the opposite side of the globe within
seconds. This advancement has led to the widespread dispersion of cultural traditions and
tendencies. This is evident in the news, social media, and other media platforms. Different cultures
have developed different beliefs about what "norms" are and abide by those beliefs. If someone falls
out of the lines of normality, most people immediately formulate an ethnocentric mindset and begin
to create opinions that that person's culture is inferior to their own.
My family and I are especially aware of the degree of influence that cultural narratives have on
society. The reason why cultural narratives have such a considerable influence in our daily lives is
due to the fact that we originate from a Muslim background.

Egypt under Mubarak
Egypt plays an extremely significant role as one of the major powers in the Middle East. Egyptian
force in the Arab world stems from the strength of its cultural life which makes it extremely difficult
to be ignored. The book, "Egypt under Mubarak" features essays from seven different authors,
which examine the causes and consequences of the many crises Egypt has faced. Mubarak comes
into power taking upon himself the previous Egyptian political, sociological, and economic
problems left by Sadat and Nasser. The present administration attempts to fix these problems by
employing Egypt's significant resources in the forming of a distinct and effective international role.
Vice President Hosni Mubarak succeeded Sadat as president. After Sadat ... Show more content on
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The book touches on topics with a broad range from politics to economy to geography. The book is
solely based on research of the Egyptian government from the time when Mubarak took power,
1981, up until the writing of the book which was in 1989.
Throughout the book, 16 books are cited. Even though the book is based on the government under
Mubarak, the writers refer to events that were held before Mubarak was put into power which helps
the reader understand the important history behind the present. After each chapter, there are
bibliographies as well as endnotes in some chapters listing the sources used in the passage. Except
for the Chapter on the National Debt where his previous statements based on The Central Bank of
Egypt, Cairo contradicts his final assessment of the sum.
The writers of each section always tend to agree with the sources that they have cited. With this
known, I was able to see that the writers in each chapter took into account the other writings of
scholars that wrote on similar topics. Because of the writers many sources, they are able to give an
unbiased look into the history of the Egyptian Government. They examine both the positive and
negative aspects of Mubarak as President specifically laws he passes and actions he takes towards
not only Egyptians, but also the Arab–Israeli relationship, as well as foreign relations with Arab
countries and the western world. Charles Tripp goes into detail about the

An Analysis of the Arab League Essay
The Arab League: What Could Have Been But Never Was
Introduction
In an increasingly globalizing world, many problems that face humanity are of global concern and
as such, require international co–operation in order to effectively combat issues such as terrorism
and nuclear disarmament (Karns & Mingst. 2010). As a result, a rising need for global governance
has emerged in the realm of international relations and policy as states search for ways in which
they can manage their affairs (Karns & Mingst. 2010)..
This has prompted many international and transnational organizations to be formed by both
governments and private individuals in which, individuals from all around the globe may gather and
deal with the various issues and problems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2010). This, combined with the anarchic realm which is the international system, will lead to norms
and international law having minimal effect on the system and restraint of states (Karns & Mingst.
2010). Realists view international organizations, as being able to increase or decrease state power
but not alter the power structure between states (Karns & Mingst. 2010). They argue that it is only a
reflection of the power distribution amongst states and will never actually change or affect the
inherent anarchical nature of the system and the self–interested nature of states and that states will
also abandon co–operation if it will serve them more (Karns & Mingst. 2010). . These two theories
will be the standards which the Arab League will be compared too as we shall explore the structural
implications, history and policies of the organization and the extent to which they conform with
Realist and Liberal assumptions on the effectiveness and relevance of international organizations in
international relations.
History of the Arab League
Egypt, Jordon, Iraq, Syria, Saudi–Arabia and Lebanon formed the Arab League in March 1945.
Yemen later joined the league in the following May of that year (Owen, 2004). The League was
originally a British idea, which sought to protect their interests within the region during the Second
World War, in an

Scholarly Bibliography On Scholarly Journals Essay
Definitions of terms Scholarly peer review Scholarly peer review, also known as refereeing, is the
process of subjecting an author's scholarly manuscript to the scrutiny of others who are experts and
working in the same field (Ware 2013). Scholarly/academic journal Scholarly journal, also called as
academic/scientific/refereed journal or very often peer–reviewed journal, is a peer–
reviewed/refereed periodical in which scholarship relating to a particular academic discipline is
published. Academic journals serve as forums for the introduction and presentation for scrutiny of
new research, and the critique of existing research (Blake & Bly, 2000). Scholarly article/paper
Scholarly paper/article, also called as research and academic paper/article, is published in academic
journals and has original research results and shows an entirely new invention. It is generally based
on original research or experimentation. It is written by a researcher or expert in the field who is
often affiliated with a college or university. According to Svernstrom (2014), the paper/article could
be original/review/theoretical work. Emerald Group Publishing Based on its website
(http://www.emeraldgrouppublishing.com), Emerald is a global publisher connecting research and
practice to the benefit of society. Emerald today manages a variety of digital products, a collection
of closely 300 journals, more than 2,500 books and over 450 teaching cases. It covers sixteen major
areas as follows:

YEMEN INSTABILITY DIRECTLY EFFETS on OPERATIONS in
the...
Al–Qaeda on the Arab Peninsula (AQAP) and the strong re–emergence of their presence in the
Combined Joint Task Force–Horn of Africa (CJTF–HOA) area of responsibility provoke not only
strategic concern but re–emphasizes the importance of Global War on Terrorism mission sets. AQAP
establishes training camps, strong recruiting, and bases of operations to continue jihad against the
Western world emanate from Yemen. CJTF–HOA will need to be mindful of Western policy, which
focuses on degrading AQAP's leadership. Saudi Arabia's longtime influence may help with the
stability mission but to defeat the AQAP is on their relationships with tribes in Yemen may prove
successful if Saudi Arabia is willing to support such a mission. CJTF–HOA's ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Yemeni Government and Economic Fallout
The US Director of National Intelligence provided information about the resurgence of AQAP in
2006, which he stated for reports, was a direct effect of Yemen's political and economic crisis. Saudi
Arabia watched carefully as Yemen slowly spiraled out of control. Saudi Arabia looked at the
southern country struggling for control of internal conflicts and security challenges. Yemen
currently faces enormous challenges. It has the highest population growth in the world and is the
poorest state in the Arab world. Yemeni infrastructure is depleting at an uncontrollable rate as both
water and oil are diminishing due to the overpopulation. Yemeni funded state incomes and public
services wages for workers cause tribal and urban strife. The internal conflicts result from the
overpaying of government officials by external donors. The US' relations date back to 1946,
establishing diplomatic ties and openly recognized Yemen Arab Republic in 1962. The Arab–Israeli
conflict in 1967 caused a major falling out between US and Yemen.
The US Secretary of State, William P. Rogers re–established diplomatic relations with Yemen in
1973. Saudi Arabia and the US worked cohesively, supplying arms, aircraft, and training to the
Yemen Arab Republic during the civil conflict with

Why and How Arab Spring Became Successful? Essay
Why and How Arab Spring Became Successful ?
The progress of Tunisian Revolution started with a police officer's knocking
Fadiye Hamdi and seizing his bench and then Muhammed Buazizi, who is an
Tunisian young man, burning himself and die in the hospital. The groups that
attended to the funeral of Buazizi protested the regime and Zeynel Abidin, who
stayed inefficient to had to resign after the many deaths resulted from conflict.
Zeynel Abidin's leaving the country caused the first flames of Arab Spring,
which caused a striking exchange progress of the governments and Tunis
became the first country suffering from that. During this first exchange period,
the head of old council (Muhammed Gannusi) became the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
14.800 people, including people
from America and EU, observed the selections and according to their reports, the
election process occurred in a peaceful and democratic way.
The results of Tunisian Revolution and Elections
Tunis, which is known as the start point of public rebellion influencing all
Arab world deeply, had its first elections in 23 October 2011. Tunis, which firstly
got colonized by France and then ruled by Habib Burgiga and Zeynel Abidin for
really long times, gave its people to the chance of electing their own presidents

for the first time and En–Nahda was chosen.
Election of 23 October should be accepted as an important step for shaping
inside and foreign policy of ''The New Tunis''. There would be significant effects
of this both for Arabian World and Middle East. Therefore, Tunisian elections
shouldn't just be look from the point of Tunisian view but also from regional
view.
The process of Tunis' rebuild was the beginning part of Middle East's re–
shaping steps and despite all the differences, it can be accepted that it followed
the same path with other countries. It is undeniable fact that in the period of
after election process, the country's colonization history, previous oppressive
attitude and international relationships built by Bin Ali will affect the
determination

The Role Of Believing In The Myth Of Arab Nationalism
In "The Need for Understanding the West" the author talks about the necessity for Arabs to learn
and adopt Western ideologies and societies to have a better future. Khashan praises Europe for their
open mindedness, stating that this aspect of European society is responsible for them becoming the
economic and the political focus of the world. He also talks about the failures of Arab societies from
foreign perspectives and also discusses how Arab nations are viewed as failures by other nations due
to their lack of successful leaders, and for not having a behavioural system that encourages hard
work, punctuality, and human rights. Finally, he asks Arabs to take a few notes from the West as a
step toward modernity, but not before they resolve their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The steady economic growth among the leaders would decrease and the nations would be able to
deal with the West and with foreign entities better. It was also created to establish trade, because all
countries would be united. The league was supposed to benefit every nation as a whole and give
them a presence in the world but the Arab states and their unwillingness to cooperate resulted in
failure. Politically and economically speaking, I think Khashan makes a powerful point when he
talks about how Arab countries must be a united front. Wealth has always been an issue in the
Middle East. For example, oil is a major issue as it has made the Gulf extremely wealthy while
countries such as Syria and Egypt are less privileged which causes tension amongst leaders and the
countries. Arab countries cannot be selfish when it comes to sharing the wealth amongst one another
and must help each other become stronger and

The Arab League Boycott Of Israel
Weiss reports that for a number of years, language has been included in successive foreign
operations appropriations legislations concerning the Arab League boycott. Most recent of which is
Section 7035 of the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, FY2015 (P.L 113–
235). Some of the more important statements of the act are: (i) the Arab League boycott of Israel,
and the secondary boycott of American firms that have commercial ties with Israel, is an
impediment to peace in the region and to United States investment and trade in the Middle East and
North Africa; (ii) the Arab League boycott, which was regrettably reinstated in 1997, should be
immediately and publicly terminated, and the Central Office for the Boycott of ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the Department of Commerce's Office of the Antiboycotting Compliance (OAC), the
legislation was enacted to "encourage, and in specified cases, requires U.S. firms to refuse to
participate in foreign boycotts that the United States does not sanction (Security).
The US's reaction to the Arab League boycott of Israel lays the foundation for the reaction of states
and federal to the BDS Movement. A number of the reactions by different states including Illinois
and South Carolina were discussed above. The federal regulations in an attempt to stamp the US'
anti–Arab League boycott of Israel included, the Export Administration Act of 1979 (EAA) and the
Ribicoff Amendment to the Tax Reform Act of 1976 (TRA). Under section 8 of the EAA, all US
persons and company were prohibited from complying with an unsanctioned foreign boycott and
require anyone who is requested to do so, to report such request to the OAC in the Bureau of
Industry and Security (BIS). The EAA recommends penalties for violators.
As is seen, the US has long opposed boycotts of Israeli entities. Some Members of Congress have
argued the US needs to continue this trend and enact legislation which will protect the integrity of
trade as well as protect the state of Israel. In fact, it could be argued that protecting trade freedom of
Israel is the only way to protect the state as a trade isolation would leave it vulnerable and
susceptible to different forms of deterioration.
In 2015

The Creation Of Historical Formation
The emergence of Arabism has been an endless debate amongst scholars. The primordialists claim
Arabism is a creation of historical formation, whilst on the other hand, the modernists refer to
Arabism as a product of modernity. Similarly, the end of Arabism is also contested. The orthodox
position argues Arabism ended following the defeat of 1967 and the death of Gamal Abdul Nasser,
President of Egypt between 1954–70 (Ajami, 1978). Whereas, Kramer (1996) states the rise of
political Islam weakened the effectiveness of Arab unity. In more general terms, Arabism may be
viewed as an idealistic concept that offered unrealistic objectives, limiting its ability to become
successful (Farah, 1987). The definitions concerning Arabism can sometimes be interpreted
differently by scholars. For this essay, Arab nationalism and Pan–Arabism will be discussed as
similar entities, these terms can be defined as a nationalist desire to seek a union of all Arabs in a
single state. Whereas, Arabism can be defined through more broad terms which encompasses a
common identity between Arabs, regardless of having a united Arab state or not. This essay will
argue that Arabism, including Arab nationalism and Pan–Arabism failed due to a combination of
reasons. An ideology applied to an entire region, instead of a one–nation state will prominently be
accompanied with complications. Within the Arab states, there is a division of loyalties, competing
ideologies and a disunited Arab front. For these reasons,

The Arab League 's Purpose
The Arab League 's Purpose is to strengthen the relations between member states, coordinate
policies, and be a safeguard to independence & sovereignty. The organization also has to purpose to
serve as an actor to close co–operation between member states on certain issues that may arise. The
following matters that the Arab League oversees are any economic or financial affair; this includes
commercial and customer relations and currency. They also have the power to be an actor in the co–
operation of communications between membered states. Communications contain railroad, roads
and navigation matters. The extraction of criminals and issues with nationality or passport also fall
under the acting power of the Arab League. If any of these matters lead to disagreements with
membered states of the League, and it results in aggression or the threat of aggression, the
threatened state may demand convocation of the council. This is how the Arab League serves as a
forum. The task of the council is to decide what means are necessary to guarantee peace & security,
and to regulate co–operations in social & economic relations. Each member has a single for in the
forum, regardless of the number of representatives. If a state is threatening another state, and can
lead to war, the threatening state does not get a vote when the council mediates the differences. If a
decision is unanimous between all the voting members, the decision of the council will be binding
to all membered states. If

The Regional Development Organization : Rcreee Or Regional...
1 The Regional Development Organization, RCREEE RCREEE or regional center for renewable
energy and energy efficiency is an inde–pendent, intergovernmental and not for profit organization
that founded in June, 2008 and has 17 member countries. Its member states are Arab countries and it
aims to promote and increase the adoption of renewable energy and energy efficiency in the member
states countries and the whole Arab region. It collaborates –on regional basis– with decision makers,
NGOs, governments, international organizations, private businesses etc. trying to achieve its
regional goals and objectives in a specific working areas. It works in specific areas: research and
development, policies and regulations, capacity development, private ... Show more content on
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1.2 RCREEE's Approach The center developed KPIs or key performance indicators to keep an eye
on the ac–complishment of its goals and objectives and to measure the success of its different
activities with the member states. These quantitative metrics and indicators are as–signed for each
area of the main five core results areas that help member states keep tracking, managing and
benchmarking its local performance versus any other country in the region or in the world
(RCREEE, 2016c). The main five core impact areas are as following: 1.2.1 Facts and Figures The
center provides member states with accurate facts and figures based on a high accurate analysis of
data retrieved from accredited resources through a strong coop–eration and partnerships with
different local governorates. 1.2.2 Institutions The center work closely with local institutions in the
member states to unify the tech–nical standards and frameworks of them which enable to decrease
later on the costs of implementing new projects and make future research more easier for analysis.
1.2.3 People One of the main working areas of the center is the capacity building. The center work
in this area intensively by providing a wide range of activities such as trainings, semi–nars,
workshops, internships etc. to maximize the potential of member states' people. 1.2.4 Policies The
center establish polices

Honour And Disgrace Quotes
Honour and disgrace Honour, virginity and disgrace are other issues referred to in the novel. All are
interrelated in the Arab society. In such a society, the honour of the male members of a family
depends mainly on how their female relatives are looked upon. Their women should prove to be
virgin on their wedding night, and their relations after marriage must be restricted to their husbands
only. In this regard, El Saadawi explains that: [a woman] remains 'a woman' whether poor or rich,
ignorant or cultured. Throughout, she is fundamentally the same since her honour does not go
further than an intact hymen and a chaste sexual life. In most cases, her downfall and loss of her
honour are brought about by poverty. This is perhaps a step forward ... Show more content on
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Although Hussain agrees to punish that man, he expresses his absolute disgust with Hamida by
saying: .‫عشيقها‬ ‫ذبحت‬ ‫ثم‬ ،‫تردد‬ ‫بال‬ ‫لخنقتها‬ ‫خانتني‬ ‫التي‬ ‫بالمرأة‬ ‫يدي‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المصادفات‬ ‫ورمت‬ ‫مكانك‬ ‫كنت‬ ‫لو‬ !‫تقتلها؟‬ ‫لم‬ ‫لماذا‬
‫رطل‬ ‫يا‬ ‫تفعله‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫ماكان‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫األنظار‬ ‫عن‬ ‫واختفيت‬. (Mhafouz 1985: 305) Why didn't you murder her? If I
were in your position, I wouldn't have hesitated a minute. I'd have throttled her on the spot and then
butchered her lover and disappeared ... That's what you should have done, you fool! (Mahfouz.
trans. Gassick 1975: 239) Warum hast du sie denn nicht getötet? Wenn ich an deiner Stelle gewesen
und durch Zufall der Frau wiederbegegnt wäre, die mich verrate hat, hätte ich sie aud der Stelle
erwürgt! Dann hätte ich mir ihren Liebhaber vorgeknöpft und den erledigt. Und dann wäre ich
natürlich abgehauen! Das hättest du machen müssen, du Blödling! (Machfus. trans. Kilias 2015:

The Limits of Identification
The Limits of Identification
Identities are prescriptive representations of every society's members themselves and of their
relationship to each other. The "limits of identification", thus divide social prescription of identity
into two categories, prescriptive accounts of members themselves which is their personal identities,
and behavioral prescriptions for the proper enactment of these identities which is society's norms or
behavioral norms that require individual's to be identified and act in certain ways. In the three
passages, "Selections from reading Lolita in Tehran," by Azar Nafisi, "On Becoming an Arab," by
Leila Ahmed; "Selections from Losing Matt Sheppard," by Beth Loffreda, the "limits of
identification" are introduced based on gender, race, and sexuality as main factors used to classify
the characters in the readings and pose their identity which led to prejudice, discrimination, and
limit their lives based on general stereotypes. "Limits of identification," therefore are general ideas
used to distinguish individuals who are different in some ways from the rest of society, because they
belong to a certain gender, race, or act in certain ways that is different from the set of social norms.
According to Ahmed, Nafisi, and Matt's life experience, hence, the potential "limits of
identification", are their societies' norms and beliefs that are reinforced on them. These norms and
beliefs allow every society and every individual to marginalize these characters based

The Identity Of The Arab Nations National Identity
"Cultures in MENA are traditions, beliefs, and behaviors shaped by history, religion, ethnic identity,
language, and nationality". MENA consists of a mix of ethnic, language, and religious groups. The
diversity of these groups allow for cultures to co–exist in the region. The family is very import and
the values that come from having strength in a solid extended family allows for respect, honor, and
loyalty. Religion plays a huge influence in the daily lives of the people in MENA.
"Language, culture, social, and political, economic interests, and a collective memory of their place
and role in history. The logic of nationhood is frequently being formed and reformed, reflecting
changing conditions and self–conceptions; together these deny total separation as well as complete
incorporation in the way communities relate to one another is fortified by shared images and
origins" (Barakat, Halim). The national identity of the Arab Nations national identity is said to be
focused on language. Albert Hourani stated in his most famous book, "Arabic Thought in the
Liberal Age" by Albert Hourani asserts that Arabic people are more focused on their language more
than any other peoples of the world." This theory is also stated by Jacques Berque, saying "the East
is the home of the word the Arabic language does not really belong to the world of men; rather, it
seems to be lent to them," and that "Arabic writing is more suggestive than informative."
The origin of Arab identity as relating

The Central Problems Of International Politics
ne of the central problems of international politics is that of cooperation or lack of cooperation.
Though, cooperation is not always possible or a welcome idea when it comes to states making
decisions. Creating and claiming value are two of the most fundamental aspects of negotiation
strategy that exist, but there is tension with one another. In any negotiation, the delegates need to
decide which course of action to take whether that be competitive, cooperative, or some of both.
David Lax and James Sebenius call this the "negotiator 's dilemma." It is similar to the "prisoners '
dilemma" in game theory, because this is a way of using rational choice and strategic thinking to
describe situations. In a book written by D. Lax and J. Sebenius The Manager as Negotiator: The
Negotiator 's Dilemma: Creating and Claiming Value, the authors argue that negotiation includes
both cooperative and competitive elements, and that these elements exist in tension. The dilemma in
this situation is in deciding whether to pursue a cooperative or a competitive strategy. The authors
suggest several strategies to resolve this dilemma, and how to encourage cooperative approaches to
creating mutually beneficial outcomes. Conflict analysts tend to view negotiations either as a matter
of cooperating to create value, or as a matter of competing to claim values. In the value–creating
view, negotiators work primarily to increase the available resources, to find joint gains or "win–win"
solutions,

The Difference Between the Arabs and the South and...
The difference between the Arabs and the South and Southeast Asians! The lure of regionalism – a
belief in regional co–operation and integration as a method to advance a region's shared political,
economic or security interests – has had profound effects on the foreign policies of all countries.
The conventional wisdom is that such collaborative efforts will serve as the building blocks of a
future Economic Community, as well as Unions. Many attempts at uniting as a region are informed
by the experiences of the European Union and North America. But the argument is also put forward
that many regional co–operation efforts are 'homegrown', an organic development, given specific
historic, political, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to manage emergencies caused by nature and food storage they have established the Food
Bank with the participation of all countries that will provide food security to the people of the
region. They fought corruption by exchanging information on national experience combating
corruption to effectively address this problem. They have given the right for outside countries to
play the role of observers in order to benefit from these external linkages and help its economic
integration with the international community. So many actions were taken in order to sustain
economic development. For example they have trained regional lawyer, judges and magistrates
yearly on the "justice ability" of human rights, in order to provide justice and equality among all the
people. The establishment of the Asian Development Bank to provide financial assistance and
economic stability by helping the countries to: identify and prioritize sub regional projects;
developing action programs; and preparing a needs assessment, including human resource
development, for implementing the action program in the five priority sectors. Improvements in the
region and the constant growth shows us that both associations are trying to achieve their goals and
to obtain a sustained economy., and they are working together for a prosperous

The Right Side of History
Unrest in the Arab World
Will the United States be on the right side of history?
The Right Side of History? The wave of demonstrations, uprisings and revolutions in North Africa
and the Middle East has presented the United States with a complex set of diplomatic problems.
While a key component of U.S. foreign policy is promoting and supporting democracy, it is vital to
U.S. interests that the Middle East remains relatively stable. A truly democratic Arab world is a new
concept, and is one that has yet to show its true colors. If the result of the Palestinian Authority
legislative elections held in January of 2006 is any indication of what may evolve in the region, the
U.S. has plenty of cause for concern. The elections, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Shortly after the protests began in Tunisia, a wave of protests and demonstrations swept over the
Arab world, from Algeria to Yemen, with few countries being exempt from the movement. Leaders
of wealthier countries, such as Saudi Arabia, Oman and Bahrain, offered economic concessions to
stave off unrest. Other leaders offered minor political concessions. Yet the protests continue. The
Egyptian Revolution, which began with protests on January 25, 2011 and lasted for 18 days, became
a media sensation watched worldwide. Not only conventional media, but social media as well.
Social media played an unprecedented and important role in Egypt, changing the face of revolutions
forever. Unlike Tunisia, a marginal actor in the region, Egypt is the most populous, and one could
argue, the most important country in the Middle East, at least in terms of maintaining stability. The
U.S., which had backed the Egyptian government militarily since 1979 and had friendly relations
with Mubarak, was faced with tough diplomatic decisions. Many foreign relations experts agree that
the Obama Administration did a reasonable job handling the tricky situation. Once Mubarak stepped
down, without the major bloodshed that would have occurred if the military had attack its own
people, the U.S. appeared to have been on "the right

The Ultimately Successful The Houthi Movement
Ultimately successful the Houthi movement was able to get a greater role in the Yemeni
government, and even more local autonomy. This agreement helped stave of a full–fledged civil
war, but at the same time it reduced the governments ability to conduct any real political or
economic reforms. Despite this new agreement President Hadi was ever more determined to ensure
no one faction gained too much power within the new federal system. Thus he put forth his chief of
staff, Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak, as candidate for Prime Minister in an attempt to help establish his
system. The Houthi leadership ultimately did not approve of the appointment, due to Mubarak's
close relationships with President Hadi, so in January of this year Mubarak was abducted at
gunpoint. With President Hadi choice no longer an option, the Houthi Leadership wanted one of
there own to be come the Prime Minister. Later that month, after the Houthis rejected a power
sharing deal a few months prior, and many events causing undue pressure on President Hadi and his
cabinet, decided to resign their offices. In a manor of day the Houthi rebels stormed and took over
the presidential palace and forced Hadi and his Prime Minister, Khaled Bahah, to officially send
resignation letter to the parliament, which promptly declined their resignations; but nonetheless the
Houthi rebels forced them out of office and dissolved the cabinet. The Houthi rebels put both Hadi
and Bahah under strict house arrest. Hadi later escaped to

The Greatest Threat Of Saudi Arabia
THE GREATEST THREAT TO SAUDI ARABIA
1LT. ALDAWEES MESHARY
MICCC 16–009
CH (MAJ) Martin, William A.
23 September 2016 "God is great, death to America, death to Israel, curse the Jews," this is a
translation of the Houthi flag. They a are religious militant political movement based in Saada, in
northern Yemen called. Houthis by their founder, Hussein al–Huthi, who was killed by Yemeni
forces in 2004. This paper will discuss why Iran, working with militant organizations such as the
Houthis is the greatest threat to Saudi Arabia.
We wonder, what are the implications of the fall of Sanaa on Gulf security in general, and Saudi
Arabia in particular? Yemen has geographical limits equal to 1485 km, it is the fourth Arab country
after Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq, which has fallen because of Iranian support to the Houthis.
Houthis dominated Imran, then surrounded Sanaa and made demands of the Yemeni government
and military as they began to see farther and bigger ambitions. Houthis took control of the levers of
government, the Yemeni Headquarters of Security, and sided with senior Yemeni Army commanders
who had been fired on treason and corruption charges. They then entered government institutions in
Yemen. They took control of the oil refinery in Marib and marched to the port of Hodeida, in an
attempt to extend their influence from the west coast of Yemen up to the Strait of Bab el–Mandeb.
They also refuse to attended negotiations and are today demanding

The Formation of Arab Nations
The Formation of Arab Nations Much of the modern political Arab world was born at the end of
World War I, as outside powers divided up their shares of territories that were loyal to their regimes.
For example, Iraq, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon came to exist along side the precarious state of
Palestine. By World War II, these states had begun to want independence, and the following decades
would witness revolution, regime change, violence, and, ultimately, a break from the grips of the
Ottoman Empire and European powers (Provence). Today, the so–called "Arab Spring" uprisings,
ongoing now for several years, are in part as a result of mid–20th–century political rule and
administration by outside powers. In the early 20th century, the ... Show more content on
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Perhaps more importantly, Jordan's newest residents were Palestinians who potentially had no
interest in being Jordanian (Anderson). That tension exists to this day, as Jordan continues to host
large numbers of Palestinians (Anderson), as well as Iraqis and Syrians looking to escape instability
in those countries (IRIN).
Jordan continues to serve as the place of escape for Arabs fleeing unstable places. Refugees from
Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and occasionally Egypt, live in Jordan. After the 2003 invasion of
Iraq Jordan took about 100,000 Iraqis seeking temporary escape from the war in their country
(IRIN). Jordan is a strong US ally and they were the second Arab state to sign a peace treaty with
Israel after Egypt. This is an enormously contentious issue in Jordan where about half the residents
are Palestinians who left their country between 1948 and 1967 (Anderson). When Jordan's King
Hussein signed the peace treaty it was a risky move. Jordan has no oil reserves, and the population
tends to be pretty poor. Some Jordanians saw the treaty as an indication of further instability rather
than development. Promises of US aid money and support helped prompt the deal, but Jordanians
understand this agreement means that the US is required to continue support Jordan indefinitely
(Anderson).
Other Arab countries experienced upheaval as well. Iraq, for example, has political boundaries that
include two different and

The Role of Responsibility to Protect in Syria
The end of the twentieth century brought with it a close to the era of mass human atrocities and a
new understanding of how conflict worked. With the end of World War II and the solidification of
state lines, no longer was conflict confined to border disputes. Increasingly so, conflicts occurred
internally within the state's own borders taking a greater toll on civilians and often escalating into
violent wars. From Cambodia to Rwanda and Argentina to Bosnia, the second half of the twentieth
century was riddled with genocide and the motto of "never again" continued to happen again. The
twenty first century ushered in a new ideology to prevent and stop mass atrocities. With the
realization that the doctrine of humanitarian intervention ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Syrian Muslim Brotherhood lead an insurgency for many years but were put down in their
stronghold city of Hama using heavy weaponry in 1982 leaving in its wake a massacre of thousands
dead and wounded. This deliberate show of force kept down any further opposition until the
beginning of the Arab Spring in 2011. Launching attacks on Lebanon and Israel throughout its
history caused Syria to become further isolated from the west until1990 when in a rare show, it
aligned with the west and other Arab states in order to stop Saddam Hussein in Iraq. After three
decades of rule, Hafiz al–Asad died and was succeeded by his son, Bashar, who was also elected
president through referendum. It seemed as though democratic rule would finally take hold in Syria.
After the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks, President Bashar al–Asad apprehensively
cooperated with the United States in order to combat al–Qaeda. This short lived collaboration
terminated when President al–Asad opposed the United State's war in Iraq. Further tensions
mounted between the two countries when Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri was assassinated in
2005 and the U.S. withdrew its ambassador to Syria opening the door for Syrian alignment with Iran
and other militant groups, especially Hezbollah in Lebanon. Syria's continued subversive
involvement in Lebanon and Israel have left it in a very tumultuous position within the

The Formation and Actions of the Free Officers movement...
In the wake of the second World War a new military coup was being swiftly formed in Egypt by a
group of junior officers. It was called the Free Officers movement. Soon after its formation Gamal
'Abd al–Nasser as a result of a populist movement became their leader. According to the group they
launched this movement "to put an end to that corruption, ineptitude and treason" (The modern
middle east p.238) that was very apparent in the wake of the war and colonialism. As the military
offices began to take control they had the tough task of having to weaken the grasp of the social elite
on the rest of the population. The effects of the elite were largely seen by their actions in parliament.
This was easily seen as the large landowners who are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nasser's influence wasn't solely in Egypt, after the success with land reform other countries in the
region begin to implement similar land reform laws allowing a middle class to emerge and greatly
improving the lives of many working class wage laborers who were previously repressed.
Egypt in the 1950s and 1960s was the leader of the Arab world and under the control of Nasser they
set out to solve many of the issues of colonialism. Another prominent issue at the time was there
was very little infrastructure in Egypt and the infrastructure they had exists mostly to push
agricultural commodities to market. Other forms of infrastructure were also lacking. For example,
Egypt didn't have a large school system until the 1950s. There was also economic imbalances, one
of which has to do with a small upper–class of ruling elite, the other having to do with how foreign
interests capture large sectors of the economy; not a lot of industrial development, and then state–
led industrial development. Land is not equitably distributed; there was a lack of an independent
army outside of British control; and the country was misrepresented within politics because of the
British involvement. Among the newly forming nation states we see Arab countries like Egypt
starting to confront these issues and impart emerge as an independent nation state. That is absolute
autonomy and sovereignty over their territory. During this time there were two main

The Pros And Cons Of Humanitarian Intervention
Humanitarian intervention has brought as much help and support to the world as it has brought
unrest. The nature of intervention involves another actor intervening in another state. Therefore,
sovereignty becomes conditional. When and how to intervene is one challenge. Many countries
deploy military forces into conflict zones or diplomatic tools. The UN deploys Peacekeepers,
unarmed forces. Timing still remains a contested issue, when to arrive and when to leave. In
addition, many interventions lack a consensus from regional or international actors, for example, the
recent US–led intervention in Libya. The African Union was against it; but, the Arab League was for
it. International organizations and states should create an in–depth comprehension of the situation
and a coherent, concise plan, including a timeline, objectives, and exit strategy, when conducting a
humanitarian intervention. In the early 1990s, Somalia was facing a famine outbreak. There were
signs of a potential civil war. The US marines provided famine assistance in December 1992
(Goldstein et al. 1). US troops were unprepared to deal with the political turmoil that was plaguing
the country and faced shooting skirmishes with militants groups. 18 US soldiers were killed in the
"Black Hawk Dawn" incident, one soldier's dead body was dragged through the streets (Goldstein et
al. 1). This event forced President Bill Clinton to withdraw troops leaving Somalia in a state of civil
war. In conclusion, the US failed

Cities of Salt by Abdul Rahman Munif
Short Essay – The Post Colonial Arabic Novel "Cities of Salt" Cities of Salt has often been read as
at once an elegy for a disfigured space and society, and a chronicle of its transformation. How does
Munif represent the encounter with and effects of global capital and its arrival? How are tradition,
traditional social ties on the one hand, and the encounter with the foreign other represented? What
are the limitations and potential problems of attempting to write such a work? Elaborate!
Abdelrahman Munif, a Jordanian born Saudi novelist, wrote a novel called 'Cities of Salt'. It is a
monumental novel that tells the story of the discovery of oil. Encountering the vicious arrival of the
global, political and economic modernity to an unnamed Persian Gulf kingdom is the main point of
Munif in this novel. Munif described the migration of the villagers as their traditional lands are
destroyed, and their way of living is thrown into disarray by the foreigners – Americans, through
invasion of modern technology, cultural gaps, and a whole new bunch of the local economy. He has
exercised an unconventional format in novel by declining a clear protagonist or even its mixture.
Leading characters of the novel in its first dozen chapters are gone by the final third of the book,
despite the formation of main characters. The valley that is destroyed in the beginning and later the
town of Harran that goes from a backwater to booming oil valley or town. Where the novel's all
fiction

Reasons For Arab Nationalism Failed
Arab Nationalism is an ideology which was prominent in the 19th century, as Arab nations began to
gain independence from colonial powers. The foundations of Arab Nationalism are based on the
notions of political, cultural, religious and historical unity amongst Arab nations. One of the
fundamental goals of Arab Nationalism was to see the end of western powers in the Arab region,
and the removal of those Arab governments who were seen too dependent on western power. The
rise of Arab nationalism came with the weakening and defeating of the Ottoman Empire but
declined after the defeat of the Arab armies in the 1967 six–day war. This essay will look at the
reasons as to why Arab Nationalism failed making references to the aims of Arab Nationalism.
In order to see why Arab Nationalism failed it's important to see the start of Arab Nationalism, the
aims and goals and the events that took place. As mentioned Arab Nationalism was an ideology that
rose in the 19th century. Arab Nationalism was a movement that was refuting against the repressive
rule of the Ottoman Empire. When French and British industrialists set eyes on the Middle East, a
diplomatic deal was put in place, the agreement made stated that British and French imperialists
would support the Arabs in their independence in exchange for Arab help in World War I. However
a more recent theory proposed by Adeed Dawisha contends amongst other things that the Arab
revolt against the Ottoman Empire was less to do with Arab

The Middle Eastern Country Of Yemen
In the Middle Eastern country of Yemen, a battle is being fought leaving much destruction to
infrastructure and hundreds of lives lost. Actually it is not so much of a battle as it is a total, one–
sided bombardment of this country. This is an attempt from a U.N. sponsored, Saudi led coalition
that is trying to persuade Houthi rebels into thinking reasonably and diplomatically by bombing
them back into the Stone Age. In order to fully understand what brought the U.N. to a point of
agreement on engagement of this operation, it is important to understand the recent history of
Yemen and the events leading up to this conflict. Equally important is the geographic location of
Yemen, the main actors fighting over this country and who directly ... Show more content on
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The city of Riyadh was eventually forced to recognize Yemen 's republican government.
Now as then, Riyadh sees the struggle in Syria as a defining moment. As the leader of the Sunni
Muslim world, it perceives an opportunity to check what it sees as Iranian plans to encircle the
kingdom with hostile Shiite–dominated regimes. As the war has taken on a more sectarian character,
the usually reserved foreign minister, Prince Saud al–Faisal, has described Assad 's onslaught
against his own people as ' 'genocide ' ' and Syrian lands as being ' 'under occupation ' ' –– a clear
reference to the presence of Iranian and Hezbollah forces.
It is no secret that the Saudis are supplying elements of the Syrian opposition with weapons. They
all but admitted as much when the prince said a few weeks ago that ' 'if the international community
is not willing to do anything, then they must allow Syrians to defend themselves. ' '
The Saudis will use all tools available to oust Assad, while taking measures to ensure that the
weapons they 're supplying to the rebels do not fall into the hands of extremists. Nevertheless,
following the chemical attack on civilians near Damascus last month, the Saudi foreign minister
spoke candidly about the inability of the Arab nations to put a stop to Assad 's campaign through
force of arms, adding that any military effort to do so would likely involve actors outside the region.
Recent suggestions that the Arab League should assemble a military force

The Local Demand Of Israel
For over four decades, the local demand in Israel played a crucial role in the country's industrial
expansion. As the nation's population rapidly expanded and living standards rose, so did the
industrial base. Subsequently, over the recent years, global demand for advanced technology from
Israel, software and electronics has played a key role in stimulating Israel's industrial growth. The
government's emphasis on research and higher technology has led to a new country's new high
technological status. The government also has a policy of offering low–interest loans to airing
inventors and companies from its annual development budget. The industries are however faced
with one key limitation, which is the scarcity of energy sources and raw ... Show more content on
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Teva Pharmaceuticals– Founded in 1901, Teva is a large Israeli pharmaceutical company based in
Petah Tikva. This company focuses on generic and proprietary products. They are the largest generic
pharmaceutical manufacturer in the world and the 15th largest pharmaceutical company. This
company has operations in 5 continents and is listed in the NYSE and in the Tel Aviv Stock
Exchange. Teva Pharmaceuticals has 4 facilities in South America, 12 in North America, 8 in Asia, 2
in Africa and the bulk of their representation is in Europe where they have 35 facilities. Teva had
20.3 billion dollars of revenue in 2012 and a Net income of 1.9 billion in the same year. They
employ 46,000 people and have had rising stock prices in 2014(Currently $51).
Another powerful and important company in Israel is Check point software technologies Limited.
Check Point focusses mainly on IT. They specialize in IT security, a field that includes all of the
security responsibilities of a fully functional IT system. This includes network security systems,
endpoint security, security management and data security. Check Point has its headquarters in Tel
Aviv and has 2900 employees in total. The company revenue for 2013 was 1.394 billion dollars and
the net income was 652 million. Check Point (CHKP) is currently traded at $71.26 and has been
showing incredible growth over the past 12 months as the stock was at 56 dollars around the same
time last year.

The Regional Development Organization : Rcreee Or Regional...
1 The Regional Development Organization, RCREEE RCREEE or regional center for renewable
energy and energy efficiency is an inde–pendent, intergovernmental regional policy think tank and
not for profit organization that founded in June, 2008 and has 17 member countries. Its member
states are Arab countries and it aims to promote and increase the adoption of renewable energy and
energy efficiency in the member states countries and the whole Arab region. It col–laborates –on
regional basis– with decision makers, NGOs, governments, international organizations, private
businesses etc. trying to achieve its regional goals and objec–tives in a specific working areas. It
works in specific areas: research and develop–ment, policies and regulations, capacity development,
private investment promotion and technical assistance. RCREEE setup is sponsored and financed by
the member state contributions, GIZ, DANIDA and NREA (RCREEE, 2016a). 1.1 Vision and
Mission RCREEE has very ambitious vision and mission that inspire a lot of stakeholders who
cooperate with RCREEE to achieve a more sustainable region (RCREEE, 2016b). The vision and
mission statements respectively are: "The energy systems in the Arab region are characterized by a
significant share of renewable resources and a highly–efficient use of energy." "To initiate regional
policy dialogues and promote strategies and partnerships favora–ble to renewable energy and energy
efficiency investments in the Arab member states." As

Libya’s Reconciliation with the West Essay
As current events continue to unfold, a part of the Arab world is at a major crossroads, pursuing a
change in foreign policy and a new attitude toward the West not witnessed in at least three decades.
A departure from international isolation is preceding a steadily growing rapprochement with the
world's military hegemon. This poses the prospect of a future as a key player in not only its own
regional affairs but in major global politics, as well as the opportunity for greater economic growth
and development and the establishment of integrated multilateral trade. But the country in question
is not Iraq or Iran or any of the other familiar members of the Persian Gulf– it is Libya, one of the
most isolated and overlooked states in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Libya's reconciliation with the West is most important in the aspects of relations with the United
Nations, the United Kingdom, and the United States, which will be the greatest focus of this paper.
In 1942, the Allies of World War II ousted Italy from Libya, a colony it had held since 1911, and
France and Britain began to administer separate parts of the country. After becoming the first
country to gain its independence through the United Nations in 1951, Libya entered a short period
of constitutional monarchy under King Idris al–Sanusi. In 1959, the discovery of oil led the
previously poor Libya to become extremely wealthy as oil began to be transported via pipeline and
exported to foreign markets. U.S.–Libyan relations between 1951 and 1969 were relatively good
both politically and economically. The U.S. supported the U.N. resolution giving Libya
independence and both countries ultimately established embassy–level missions in one another's
capital.1 U.S. access to Libya's oil market was also strong as two American companies were granted
14 million acres of oil fields.2
But unequal distributions of wealth within the country as well as pan–Arab ideas rejecting Western
influence soon fueled popular resentment and led to revolution. In
1969, Idris was deposed in a bloodless coup by a small group of army officers led by 28– year old
Colonel Mu'ammar Abu Minyar al–Qadhafi, whose regime embarked on a

Assess The Role Of The Arab League During The Yemen Civil War
The main IGO that took part in the Yemen conflict was the Arab League. During the Yemen civil
war that took place between 1962 and 1970, the Arab League was made up of six member states that
included Yemen, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, and Jordan. However, the Arab League was later
expanded to include twenty two member states. The role played by the Arab League during the Civil
war in Yemen, is evident from the roles in which the individual members of this union played in
order to further its interests. Egypt was known as the United Arab Republic during this conflict and
it had good relations with Yemen. In 1958, Yemen joined Egypt and Syria and the resulting union
was known as the United Arab State. However, this union did not last for ... Show more content on
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The new republican government was recognized by the Soviet Union and Egypt, but other western
powers that had interests in Yemen such as the US and the UK, failed to disclose whether they
supported the new Syrian government (Terrill and Army War College (U.S.) Strategic Studies
Institute 54). The Arab league played a contradictory role during the civil war in Syria, with some
members of the union supporting the republican forces while others went behind the royal forces led
by Imam Mohammed Al–Bdr. Egypt supported the republican forces while Imam Badr received
support from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. The republican forces embraced social progress and
republicanism, and were mainly present in cities, while Mohammed Al–Bdr forces fought from rural
areas. The conflict in Yemen was partially caused by the action of Egypt to send soldiers to support
the overthrowing of the royal government. Saudi Arabia's involvement in the conflict was based on
the fear that the war could overspill into its borders, and therefore, it protected its interests by
lending material support to Imam Mohammed Al–Bdr (Little 68). The republican forces viewed the
provision of material support to royal forces by Saudi Arabia as interference in the internal affairs of
Yemen. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia viewed the involvement of Egyptian troops in the conflict
as a threat to its oilfields and its monarchy (Terrill and Army War College (U.S.) Strategic Studies

Egypt more to Blame than Israel for the Outbreak of War...
There are different historical views on what really provoced the war of 1967, the Israelis would
clearly blame the Egyptians and point at Nasser's agressions as the main provocation leading to the
war. Another view is that Nasser did not have the intention to fight Israel at that point, but when the
UN troops in the Sinai were withdrawn suprisingly after Nasser's demand, Nasser had to make true
his big promises to defeat Israel to the other Arab nations. He wanted to keep his reputation as the
ultimate leader of the pan–Arabian league and he could only do so by moving his troops towards
Israel, which no longer had a protection buffer by the UN troops in the Sinai. Another view is that
"the Six Day War was the result of Egyptian– Israeli ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
France and Britain had lost their role in the Middle East after 1956, nevertheless, other foregn
influences became strong in the area: Soviet–American rivalry dragged the Cold War into the
region. Russia hoped that if it would spread its influence in the Middle East, it would be able to
break the encirclement around the USSR, which stoped it from spreading. The USA had made pacts
to condemn communism from spreading, the Baghdad pact of 1955 included Turkey, Iran, Iraq
Pakistan and Britain. By winning over the Arab states, Russia expected to break this belt and be able
to take Communism all over the world. Russia's interest in the Middle East alarmed the United
States, so they started taking an interest themselves in the region, sympathizing most with Israel,
due to Egypt being too unpredictable in its loyalities.
After 1956 the Israelis were forced to give back all territorial gains and return to the borders agreed
in the 1949 armistice, but in received in return the support of the UNEF in the Gaza Strip and the
Sinai. Passage through the Gulf of Aqaba was assured by the presence of the UNEF at Sharm al–
Sheikh, supported by the US, which guaranteed to step in if the right of international passage was
violated. Between 1957 and 1959 Israel could even send cargo ships through the Suez canal, but as
soon as controls diminished, Nasser

International Relations Essay
Introduction: At the end of WWII in 1945, Western Europe and arguably the entire world looked to
the United States for a recovery plan. Great Britain was loosing control over its colonies, France and
Germany had been destroyed by the war, and the Soviet Union was gaining power. This put the
United States in a position of power, the question that arises with this is, does the United States try
to gain control as the hegemonic power in the international system? Is there a real necessity in the
region of the Middle East to gain the hegemonic power in terms of U.S national interest/security?
International Relation realists would say of course there is. Within the discipline of International
Relations there are several paradigms and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These three factors all interact in several cases to support the conclusion that the post–WWII United
States was in fact trying to gain control as the hegemonic power which supports the Realist claim
that states are self–interested power seeking rational actors.
Regionalism:
Intro:
Regionalism can mean two different things; in one sense of the word it is the joining of states in a
geographic region to form a relationship whether it be an alliance or just an acknowledgment that
each other's policies will affect one another. In the other sense of the word it is a concept of how to
view the world. An example of this would be Spiegel's quotation of Greek foreign minister, Dora
Bakoyannis, " In the Middle East, there is no way of definitely solving an issue while ignoring the
others, This is why we need an integrated strategy for dealing with the Middle East as a whole...." In
this case I will be examining the first situation, the cooperation of several states in a geographical
region, and how it impacted U.S foreign policy toward the region. According to Hinnebusch, a
state's geopolitical position specifically defines the threats and opportunities it faces. Thus, a states
power position in the regional system is shaped by its resources, size of territory and population, and
the strategic importance or vulnerability of its location, shapes its ambitions. Therefore small states
are more

Essay Review Of ?Lawrence Of Arabia?
Review of 'Lawrence of Arabia'
The movie Lawrence of Arabia had many interesting aspects about it and, according to sources, is
very historically accurate. Taken place during WW&#61513; with the feud between British and
Turkish forces over the Suez Canal, the movie reflects a life of an individual who tries to do
something about the injustice of the Arabian people. David Lean depicts Lawrence or El Lawrence
as the tragic hero of the biography in order to make the story more enchanting to the reader.
Lean depicts Lawrence as the classic tragic hero by first making him of noble race. Lawrence
himself is enrolled in the British army and is stationed at Cairo. Lawrence, ... Show more content on
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Another trait of a tragic hero that Lean depicts Lawrence of having is a tragic flaw. Lawrence's
tragic flaw is quite obvious in this biography, it is simply that he believes he can make Arabia an
independent state. Little does Lawrence know, because it would seem almost impossible to make all
of Arabia agree under one government. Lawrence is displayed as a tragic hero who's only wish is to
promote the miracle of Arabian independence. He tries to show the world as well as the British that
the Arabians are worthy of independence on a number of occasions. First, he takes fifty warriors
from Prince Feisel across the Nefud Desert to Aqaba to take it from land where the Turks would not
expect it. Lawrence does this to show everyone that the Arabians are not worthless and deserve and
independent state. To the amazement of everyone he makes it across the Nefud Desert and takes
Aqaba with the help of a local tribe. Another incident(s) of Lawrence trying to prove the worth of
the Arabians is the ambushing of trains. In order to prove the worth of the Arabians, Lawrence tries
to involve them in the ambushing of trains, to prove they can survive on their own. To his dismay,
the Arabians show him just what is going to happen when, after they loot the trains and take
everything they need, they go home.
Lawrence's last two traits of a tragic hero are that of recognizing your flaw and dying as

Using Breaking Free Of Old Ways Of Thinking Outside The Box
"Thinking outside the box" is a common idiom used to express the idea of breaking free of old ways
of thinking. In a real sense, the walls of the box are the borders of our thoughts. Moving past those
barriers is considered not only a good thing, but a necessary thing. Yet this is not only about travel. I
could have stayed in my home country to study, but I chose instead to bet on myself and apply
internationally. As a result I was offered a full paid scholarship. And took this opportunity to place
myself as far from my comfort zone. I wanted to not just think outside the box, but exist entirely
outside of it.
Saudi Arabia, where I am from, has one of the largest economy in the Arab world. And its fast–
growing economy allows it to be a solid ground for many investing activities. I grew up in a family
business that really provided the core of my belief in business and in ones ability to grow and
operate important businesses that can compete and be successful.
I think I've inherited my passion for learning besides the insatiable curiosity which has served me
well throughout my childhood, school years and academic career from my father, an international
businessman. He taught me to explore the world, constantly seeking to learn more, and to make an
effort to understand more. I watched him for hours as he worked on his meetings, and I also helped
him with contracts, presentations, and marketing proposals growing up. I was fascinated by business
and wanted to know how and

The Attacks On Saudi Embassy
The meeting discussed the brutal attacks on the Saudi embassy in Tehran where Al–Jubeir noted that
the attacks were clear violations of the international conventions, laws, and treaties. According to
the sanctity of these international agreements, the Iranian government has a responsibility to protect
the diplomatic missions on their soil. Further, he confirmed that the attacks on Saudi diplomats were
highly condemned by other countries, as well as regional and international organizations such as UN
Security Council, the Arab League, and Gulf Cooperation Council. He asserted that OIC needed to
issue a strict stance to Iran from its principles and other international conventions and laws.
Additionally, he concluded that Saudi Arabia was more concerned with better relations, mutual
respect, non– interference and good principles of neighborliness with Iran but the latter failed to
adhere to these basic rules.
As noted before, the Iranian aggressive policies date back to the 1979 revolution, after which the
country has continued to instigate cases of sedition, unrest, and chaos among the countries in the
Gulf region. This is thought to have been a long–term effort by Iran to undermine security and
spread instability in the region completely disregarding the moral principles, international
conventions, and treaties. However, despite the numerous consequences caused by continued
Iranian interference, Saudi has maintained a policy of restraint to prevent any major outburst. The

Syrian Uprising
The Syrian Uprising
Over the past couple of years we have certainly seen a drastic change in the Arab world dating back
to December of 2010 in Tunisia as protestors forced ruler Zine el–Abidine Ben Ali to flee the
country. This was the beginning of the Arab spring, which saw a revolutionary wave spread across
many Arabic countries resulting in four leaders being forced from power in the countries of Tunisia,
Egypt, Libya and Yemen. The sociological perspective on conflict states that the world is in a
continual struggle and this is true as there is always going to be tension between two competing
groups or multiple groups who don't necessarily agree with a certain issue (Schaefer &
Haaland, 2012). In most cases, especially in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As many people know poverty plagues many areas of North Africa and the Middle East and these
deprivations created a clash between expectations and reality. This will back up my point that social
justice and equality can only be attained through conflict. High unemployment, corruption, social
inequalities, deterioration of the economy and increases in food prices all led to fuelled political
demands (Dalacoura, 2012). Media also played a huge role in making the rebellion possible as
grievances were channeled into collective action. The Al–Jazeera satellite channel based in Qatar
was able to broadcast the rebellion in Egypt and Tunisia all over the area, as Facebook and Twitter
helped the people organize revolts. Today's media is extremely powerful and influential and it
benefited demonstrators and protesters all over the Arab World in helping them create change
through conflict resolution (Dalacoura, 2012). These uprisings, however, were answered differently
by certain regimes. Over the past year and a half some rebellions were more successful in
overthrowing their governments then others. In some cases regimes were able to stop the rebellion
and in other cases it fuelled it. The way leaders responded to the uprising is crucial in determining
how it developed. Tunisian leader Ben Ali was taken by surprise, which resulted in a slow and weak
reaction and ultimately his resignation. On the other

Arab Culture in Health Care
Successful Patient–Doctor Relationships with the Arab Culture Many people have seen the increase
of immigrants coming to the United States. "Census 2000 measured a U.S. population of 281.4
million, including 1.2 million who reported and Arab ancestry" (de la Cruz and Brittingham, 2000).
Arab Americans are those people who speak or are descendents of Arabic–speaking populations. As
doctors and caregivers continue to provide care to those that speak English, communication between
them is easy. But when this simple task is changed when there is a patient from a different culture, it
produces challenges that both parties have to overcome. Doctors and caregivers have to increase
their cultural awareness and sensitivity so that there is a good ... Show more content on
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136). The germ theory can be defined as "microorganisms, which are too small to be seen without
the aid of a microscope, can invade the body and cause certain diseases" (Kusinitz). Salimbene
(2000 pg. 136) found that: The humoral theory of disease is the basis for the Arabs. Many aspects of
life are divided into four: the year is divided into four seasons; matter into fire, air, earth, water; the
body into black bile, blood, phlegm, and yellow bile; and the environment into "hot," "cold,"
"moist," and "dry." These illnesses are treated with the opposite humor. Illnesses are attributed to the
extreme shifts from hot to cold and vice versa. It is also thought that the digestive system is given an
opportunity to adjust to a "hot" and "cold" food before fully digesting it (Salimbene et al., 2000 pg.
137). The cultural health beliefs are specific for the Arabs with the main concern of the family. The
family's role is to indulge the sick person and take responsibilities off his or her shoulders
(Salimbene et al., 2000 pg. 135). According to Meleis (2005 pg. 52), the family is central in both
society and culture. When a woman is pregnant, the woman must be satisfied because "it is believed
that the unborn child may develop a birthmark in the shape of the unsatisfied craving" (Salimbene et
al., 2000). In the Arab culture, pain is harmful and should be controlled because the family does not
want to see the patient

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