Social Inequality Breaks The Meaning Of The Constitution

Social Inequality Breaks the Meaning of the Constitution
Social inequality limited the growth of the United States in many ways such as breaking what the constitution stood for independence which did not
apply to African Americans because the prominent race which was white. However congress started to go against this inequality and stood for
equality. The phrase Jim Crow came along in the 1880 which was the same time that the Supreme Court had tried and failed to eliminate the Poll taxes
which was also known as the grandfather clause, even though the laws undermined all federal protections for African American's civil rights. At the
same time that African Americans lost voting rights, southern states passed racial segregation laws to separate people of the opposite race in public
and private ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1881–1964, Jim Crow laws separated Americans by race in 26 states. The most common type of segregation was De Jure segregation which was
the legal separation of Americans by race. There was another type which was named de facto segregation which separated people based on customs
and beliefs. This type of segregation was much harder to fight than De Jure Segregation because eliminating it would require changing people's
attitudes rather than repealing the law. The rule of law imposed penalties and punishments on people who broke the statutes and ordinances
mandating segregation. Separate Car Law was a law passed by the Louisiana State Legislature in 1890 which required "equal, but separate" train car
accommodations for Blacks and Whites. The civil rights act of 1785 tried to abolish this. Civil war abolished slavery but brought white supremacy. In
1964, congress outlawed all
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Jim Crow Laws Affected the Lives of Black Americans
Every aspect of life of the blacks living in America was affected by the Jim Crow laws. Segregation in America became apparent and the order of the
day and was evident in several instances such as in churches, hospitals, cemeteries, saloons and all other social avenues and even in the manner in
which public school textbooks were sold (Morehouse, 2000). The blacks were denied the right to access certain locations such as swimming pools and
amusement parks. The most intimidating part of the Jim Crow laws is that some of the whites used it as an avenue to demoralize the blacks as it was
evident in the entrance of public parks which had signs reading "Negroes and Dogs Not Allowed". This kind of sign was very intimidating since it
compared the blacks with the dogs. Medical services were denied to the blacks in several hospitals despite the fact that healthcare is primary need of
every human being (Robin and Kelley, 2005). This was worsened when a requirement was passed that nurses in every hospital should only help and
treat only patients who came from the same race. If a black had the urge for entertainment, they had to purchase different tickets to those being
purchased by the whites and even in the halls there were different seating for the different races this forced the Africans to seat in the balcony which
was later named after as "nigger heaven" (Robin and Kelley, 2005). The consumption of goods such as clothes and shoes was not spared by the Jim
Crow laws since in most

Rosa Parks Speech
Rosa Parks was one of the most inspirational women in america in the 1960s. Rosa Parks was very inspiring, not only because of the bus boycott in
1955, but because of her many speeches against racism and the Jim Crow Laws in 1966 and 1967. Firstly Rosa Parks gave many speeches that
inspired thousands of people. Secondly, she had a hard time trying to finish high school, and had to drop out twice. But, she still managed to finish high
school with two diplomas. Lastly, Rosa has memorable quotes from her speeches. Her quotes are very inspiring and made a memorable impact on her.
Rosa Parks made various speeches throughout her life (after 1955). She said that the purpose of her speeches are to inspire people to overcome
anything life throws at them. Firstly, Although she received a lot of criticism and hate for the speeches she gave, she still continued to give these
speeches and talk about the bus boycott in 1955. In addition, she even stood up to some of the people that backlashed at her (and even attacked
her). First of all, one main reason why Rosa Parks is so well known and inspiring is because of her many speeches she gave. One of these speeches
were, "Beyond the Bus: Rosa Parks' Lifelong Struggle for Justice." Her main topics that she spoke about were, her experience with bus boycotting
throughout her life, how she was treated, and overall what her life had been like before and after she took the brave act in 1955. Secondly, She said,
"Two policemen came on the bus,

Jim Crow Laws Of The States
Jim Crow Laws in the States Chonte' Thomas American Military University, HIST222 Professor Angela Gunshore March 22, 2015 "Jim Crow" in
reference to the History of African Americans can be simply described as a derisive slang term for a black man. (Constitutional Rights Foundation,
2015) It is often used to describe the segregation laws, rules, and customs. Each state had a set of Jim Crow Laws forbidding blacks of certain acts.
These laws existed from 1877 until the mid–1960s. Jim Crow Laws were not only a set of laws, but also a way of life for blacks. Jim Crow statutes
regulated social interactions between whites and blacks. Inter–racial dating, marriage, and any type of sexual act were strictly forbidden between blacks
and whites. Signs were also placed above water fountains, door entrances and exits, and in front of public facilities stating whether or not Blacks
were allowed. There were even separate hospitals, prisons, schools (both public and private), public restrooms, hotels, churches, and even cemeteries
for blacks and whites. (Pilgrim, 2012) The military was also segregated until after World War II. Jim Crow etiquette existed in pretty much all of the
Jim Crow States. One common example of the Jim Crow etiquette was that a black man could not offer his hand to a white man, in the case of a
handshake. It signified that both were equal, which during this era blacks were viewed as "inferior" and not equal to whites. Blacks and whites could not

Citizenship : The Identity Of The United States
A dictionary definition of citizenship states it as a position of being a citizen in a particular country/ region. Nakano Glenns definition is much more
concentrated, focused on the details, and combines this status of citizenship along with gender and race. Glenn shows how the definition of citizenship
changes when including race as well as gender and how this meant that white men were mainly seen as rightful citizens while minorities were
effectively left out of this definition. Glenn writes in chapter two titled, Citizenship: Universalism and Exclusion, about integrating the definitions of
race as well as gender into the meaning of citizenship. Glenn makes an effort to assert the historical authenticity of the meaning of citizenship, ... Show
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This idea of citizenship would exclude out minorities (the poor, women,slaves, and Native Americans. This exclusion of minorities helped secure the
European perspective of superiority and entitlement and it is also what lead them to believe justified in their "takeover of lands, resources and labor"
from so called foreigners. The Naturalization Act of 1790 restricted citizenship to freewhite people which effectively left out the minorities listed above
(it also excluded indentured servants). This act proved that this idea that citizenship belonged exclusively to white males was completely legitimate,
that there was a legal document stating the rights of white males, while leaving out the rest. To include non property owning white males in this
rhetoric, the idea of wage work became honorable and seen as hard working. This implemented their status as superior and proved that the idea of
citizenship governed around them. It further supports the idea that race is included in the definition of citizenship.
"This transmutation ultimately aided capitalists by redirecting the hostility of white workers toward blacks and other people of color, by masking the
subordination of wage work with an illusion of freedom, and more broadly by legitimating the wage labor system and the wage contract. Yet
wage–earning men were not simply passive recipients of capitalist ideology. White working–class men, through

To Kill A Mockingbird Power Essay
Is Mayella Ewell Powerful in To Kill a Mockingbird
Mayella Ewell is a tragic character in To Kill a Mockingbird. She is faced with many struggles involving her family and the people around her.
Although Mayella is a poor white woman with an abusive father, no mother, and six siblings to take care of she does have power. Mayella Ewell is
powerful as a character and continues to gain power in Harper Lee's novel, To Kill a Mockingbird when it comes to race, class and gender. Despite
Mayella being very poor and in a lower class of the society in Maycomb Alabama she uses her status as a white female to manipulate others into
deciding in her favor when dealing with her court case against Tom Robinson regarding him being wrongfully accused of... Show more content on
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("DBQ: Is Mayella Ewell Powerful?" 7). The Jim Crow Laws made Mayella's accusation of Tom raping her even worse.
In addition to Mayella's race making her powerful her class in society contributed to that power. Even though Mayella was very low in society and
looked down upon by the white people in the town of maycomb town, she uses what the people know and think of her to make them feel bad for her
and it eventually was what made her win the case against Tom Robinson. For Mayella her class was mostly what started her plan to accuse Tom. This
is because she wanted out of her place in society and away from her home where her father was beating and sexualy abussing her. Mayella was gaining
power because she had her plan worked out that no matter what happened to Tom she would be able to get away from her father and her home in front
of the dump. Mayella was never meant to be placed in that part of society and it is made clear when Scout talks about her appearance "Mayella looked
as if she tried to keep clean, and i was reminded of the row of red geraniums in the Ewell yard". ("DBQ: Is Mayella Ewell Powerful?" 13) While
Mayella has a low place in society she is still thought to be better than the colored people and it is looked to be a crime for a African American to think
or even consider being better than a white person. This thought and viewpoint is really what made Mayella win the

A Critical Analysis Of Langston Hughes ' Merry Go Round
A Critical Analysis of Langston Hughes' "Merry–Go–Round"
"Where Is The Jim Crow Section" Langston Hughes (1942)
A little boy, accompanied by his mother, holds a ticket as he looks excitedly at a county
fair's carnival ride. As they get closer to the merry–go–round, he anticipates all the fun he will have, but then a puzzled look crosses his
face."Merry–Go–Round" by Langston Hughes criticizes the Jim Crow laws in the U.S. The justice system of Jim Crow were state and local laws
enforcing racial segregation in the Southern U.S., mandating racial segregation in all public facilities, in which the term "separate but equal" became
common (Wikipedia). The main theme of the poem is that racism is senseless, even though it is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ultimately, the ride operator does not respond to the boy's questions, perhaps because the adult may feel that they are unimportant and insignificant.
Yet, this child's feelings and puzzlement offer an adult message that needs close attention.In 1955, Emmett Till who was a 14
–year–old Black victim of
Jim Crow, received national and international attention. Born and raised in Chicago, he planned to visit relatives in Mississippi. Before he went on his
trip, it is likely that his family told him about the South's Jim Crow laws. During his visit, he was accused of offending a White woman in her
family's grocery store by "flirting" and "whistling" at her. What actually happened in the store has been disputed. Till's reported behavior violated the
Jim Crow laws at that time. Whatever the circumstance, the teen probably understood about restrictions for Blacks in public facilities like the little
boy in the poem knew about the front and back sections of buses and that Blacks and Whites did not sit side by side. However, the teen may not have
realized how arbitrary the laws were and their full ramifications. He may have merely made eye contact with the White woman or smiled during his
transaction, and she became offended. She probably expected him to keep his eyes bowed and not make human contact with her. On the other hand, if
a White teen had offended the White in the same way that Till had, the White counterpart likely would

Jim Crow Laws And Anti-Miscegenation Laws
Enacted by lawmakers bitter about the loss against the North, Jim Crow Laws blatantly favored whites and repressed those of color as many refused
to welcome blacks into civic–life, still believing them to be inferior. These laws were essentially a legalized legislative barrier to the freedom
promised by our constitution, and the newly won war against the southern states to end slavery. This institutionalized form of inequality spread like a
wildfire in the subsequent decades, separating the races in every way imaginable; in all walks of life. Although these laws varied from state to state,
we see a common trend of laws keeping blacks and whites separated, particularly in social settings and social institutions. Some of these laws include
but are not limited to marriage, hospitalization, restrooms, public transportation, and prisons; all of which isolating blacks from whites. We even
find laws regarding liquor licensing such as a law in Georgia which required all persons licensed to sell alcohol, to serve exclusively whites or
exclusively colored people; prohibiting sales to the two races simultaneously (NPS, 2015). Laws such as this were not few and far between.
Segregation of blacks became a defining custom in nearly every aspect of life in the mid–nineteenth century well into the mid–twentieth century.
When reviewing the history of these laws and researching their application throughout the various states, one law stood out to me as remarkably
insensitive:

The Legacy Of The Jim Crow Era
Phil Robertson the patriarch of Duck Dynasty has little to no knowledge about the events that happen in the Jim Crow era. To see how wrong he is
lets take a look at the Jim Crow era. First Jim Crow was the name of the racial class method which operated mainly, but not purely in the south, between
eighteen seventy–seven and the nineteen sixty. Jim Crow was more than a series of severe anti black laws. It was a way of life to african americans.
Under Jim Crow, African Americans were relegated to the status of second class citizens. Jim Crow represented the legitimization of anti–black racism.
Many Christian ministers and theologians taught that caucasian were the Chosen people, african americans were cursed to be servants, and God... Show
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Sexual relations between african americans and caucasian would produce a bastard race which would destroy The United States, treating african
americans as equals would encourage interracial sexual unions, any activity which suggested social equality encouraged interracial sexual relations; if
necessary, violence must be used to keep african americans at the bottom of the racial hierarchy.
Black people where not treated as equal and this continued because the Jim Crow etiquette operated in conjunction with Jim Crow laws . People like
Phil Robertson did not see that the Jim Crow laws where mainly there to excluded african americans from public transport and amenities, juries, jobs
and school districts . When they passed the 13, 14, and 15th Amendments, the Constitution had granted african americans the same legal protections as
caucasian. However, after eighteen seventy–seven, and the election of Republican Rutherford B. Hayes, southern and border states began restricting the
liberties of african americans. Unfortunately for african americans, the Supreme Court helped undermine the Constitutional protections of african
americans with the infamous Plessy v Ferguson case, which legitimized Jim Crow laws and the Jim Crow way of life.

Theu.s. North Carolina, 1898
Wilmington, North Carolina, 1898.
It is election season in the Port City. Throughout the summer, and well into the fall, leaders of Wilmington's Democratic party soaked their campaign
speeches in the language of white supremacy and patriotism. The Democrats had lost everything in 1894. Their attacks on economic reform and
farmers' rights made them unpopular and allowed Republicans and Populists to sweep the state in 1894, creating a successful Fusion alliance. The
Fusion movement extended full political participation to black North Carolinians and honored the black vote with opportunities for political office .
Black office holders, in turn, supported the economic growth of black communities through civil service appointments and ... Show more content on
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Each of the five ward would elect a member through municipal, and the governor would have the priviledge of appointing five members. The first
Board of Aldermen elected in 1897 featured 6 Republicans, 3 Democrats, and a Silverite. The controversy that followed the Board of Alderman
elections became the first stage of the Democrat's political coup that would eventfully manifest in a complete overthrow of Wilmington's legally
elected government in November 1898. The 3 Democrats elected to the Board of Alderman never appeared to be sworn into office. They instead met
with Democrats who had been ousted by Russell's political re–organization of the municipal government. These former office holders declared the most
recent election unconstitutional, and refused to vacate their seats. To confuse matters further, the former office holders and the newly elected
Democrats who refused to serve of the current Board of Alderman formed another, separate, Board of Alderman. Therefore, in March 1897, Wilmington
had three different governments, each claiming to be sovereign: Democratic officers elected in the previous election who refused to vacate, the
Democratic–run Board of Alderman, and the Board of Alderman elected under Governor Russell's new rules. The Democrats hoped that taking the
matter before the Superior Court would settle the matter, and found cause to celebrate when the Superior Court voided the 1897 municipal election as
unconstitutional. The newly

Racism In The 1960's
"Cause you brought the flames and you put me through hell. I had to learn how to fight for myself" (Kesha).
The intense and troublesome flashback of the 1960's gives us an illustration of John Lewis's books the March: Book 1 and March: Book 2. People of
color raised an awareness to Americans about the issues of segregation, discrimination, and civil rights. Matter of fact, they "wanted to change
America–to make it something different, something better" (Lewis and Aydin 1:103). In other words, they dream of total freedom and a new America
where everyone treats others equally regardless of color. The challenges John Lewis and people of color shared during the 1960's was inspirational,
emotional, and an epic time of boldness. Although ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As an illustration, when we receive an insult from someone, in a way it's like if those insults are echoing in our mind with no trace of leaving and
something inside us shatters into million pieces. Even though, the Jim Crow laws were positively changing society, today it appears there are similar
characteristics of segregation in our daily life. For example, schools. (Powell 1:95) (Powell 2:125)
Along the same lines, today nothing changed much because we still have segregation everywhere; it is not as obvious anymore. We have segregated
communities and schools. For instance, in Terry GrossВґs article, "How the Systemic Segregation of Schools Is Maintained By 'Individual Choices '",
introduces us to journalist Nikole Hannah–Jones perspective of parents' decisions to pick an outstanding school for their child's education. A family's
poverty also being the main issue for segregated schools. Segregation is by color and poverty. As Hannah–Jones states, "There 's never been a moment
in the history of this country where black people who have been isolated from white people have gotten the same resources," and "They often don 't
have the same level of instruction. They often don 't have strong principals. They often don 't have the same technology" (Gross). Basically,
Hannah–Jones is saying that separating districts from each other

Race : Race And Race Essay
Race has been a controversial topic for many years. Depending on your race it can be a blessing or a misfortune. According, to articles such as
"Ten Things Everyone Should Know About Race" or "Race: Is It a Valid Issue?" they all come to the conclusion that race is a social construct
because race cannot be determined by genetics or the color of the skin. There is no such thing as subspecies we are all human beings. Yet, for many
years' people of European ancestry (whites) have committed monstrous acts towards people of color. Whites enslaved people of color tearing
countless families apart, and taking away liberties that every human being should possess. As the issue of race continues, many laws have been
implemented as an attempt to mitigate white supremacy; however, alongside with each successful attempt, white supremacy continues prevailing.
Background In 1537, thanks to the efforts of Bartolome de Las Casas, a Catholic priest, one of the first successful attempts towards equality was
achieved (Manchaca CH.2). Pope Paul III declared Indians to be human beings able to own property and thus it was illegal to enslave Indians
(Manchaca CH.2). However, as Indians gained their freedom Africans lost theirs. The importation of African slaves to Mexico began in 1527 and
drastically increased between 1599 and 1637 (Manchaca CH.2). Spaniards were aware that they were enslaving human beings and therefore,
compensated by giving them the right to marry the spouse of their choice

What Are The Consequences Of The Jim Crow
Separate is NOT Equal: The Effects of Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow laws from the 1930s were about power. Power of one race over another. These laws really highlight the flaws and weakness of human
nature. Although the Jim Crow Laws from the 1930s and the various laws presented today have some of the same impacts, there are still many
differences between the two on black rights. The Jim Crow Laws were a system of laws and regulations that African Americans were forced to follow
between 1877 and the mid–1960s. The laws were to keep black people "separate but equal" from white people. This enforced racial segregation and
discrimination towards black people. Later in the 20th century, the Jim Crow laws were considered a "violation of civil rights and therefore
unconstitutional". The laws are named after a nineteenth–century minstrel character called Jim Crow, the last name being a reference to a black bird.
Thus, a law having to do with blacks was known as a Jim Crow law. The name Jim Crow on the other hand comes from a minstrel character which was
played by the white actor who went by the stage name "Daddy Rice". Daddy Rice wore blackface make–up and put on a show filled with music,
singing, and jokes which all degraded black people. The white audiences loved these performances, therefore, making them very popular. Harper Lee,
the author of To Kill a Mockingbird, published the book in 1959, only a few years before the Jim Crow laws officially ended. Many people

Essay on Loving v. Virginia (388 U.S. 1)
On July 11, 1958 a couple of hours after midnight, Richard Loving a white man and Mildred Loving an African American woman were awakened to
the presence of three officers in their bedroom. One of the three officers demanded from Richard to identify the woman next to him. Mildred, full of
fear, told the officers that she was his wife, while Richard pointed to the marriage license on the wall. The couple was then charged and later found
guilty in violation of the state's anti–miscegenation statute.
Mr. and Mrs. Loving were residents of the small town of Central point, Virginia. They were family friends who had dated each other since he was
seventeen and she a teenager. When they learned that marriage was illegal for them in Virginia, they... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
to the same degree. Thus, ... because its miscegenation statutes punish equally both the white and the Negro participants in an interracial marriage,
these statutes, ... do not constitute an invidious discrimination based upon race.
The court also referred to its 1955 decision in "Naim v. Naim" as stating the reasons supporting the validity of the anti–miscegenation laws. In Naim,
the state court concluded that the State's legitimate purposes were "to preserve the racial integrity of its citizens," and to prevent "the
corruption of blood," "a mongrel breed of citizens," and "the obliteration of racial pride," obviously an endorsement of
the doctrine of White Supremacy. The court also reasoned that marriage has traditionally been subject to state regulation without federal intervention,
and consequently, the regulation of marriage should be left to exclusive state control by the Tenth Amendment.
The statements related to the courts attempt to "preserve the racial integrity of its citizens" would have been ludicrous any place but was
especially laughable in Caroline County, and in the Lovings' hometown of Central Point, which had been an epicenter of race mixing for at least 200
years. White families and their fair–skinned black relatives lived so close together that they bumped

Analysis Of The Documentary Unchained Memories
The Slave narrative documentary; Unchained Memories, released in 2003, brought to light many things that had not before been seen, or even thought
of by many people. Even before the film was released, the telling of the stories inside changed many ideas regarding slavery. The history of slavery in
the United States of America has always been commonly known, but not many people have, at this point in time, had to really think of what that
meant, what slavery truly was to the millions of Africans, and African–Americans who experienced it. The film and the stories themselves changed
many people's views on slavery, by enlightening them. The narratives of these slaves were told to reporters in the 1930's, a time when racism and
segregation were still very much apparent. The telling of these stories forced the people hearing them to recognize what was really happening to the
slaves. Previously, due to fear of retaliation, or simply a lack of care from the white people, these stories were something that had never before been
publicly told. You can imagine the horror, the shock, and maybe even some guilt of the white people upon hearing the stories. A white person who
had owned slaves would never have spoken of the horrible things that they had done to people, instead, if they talked of slavery at all, it would only
be to tell their children how nice it was to have help, or how wrong it was. The white people in that generation had never heard such tales. The stories
would have

Examples Of Anti Miscegenation Laws
Assignment: Statutes
Dr. Jessie Lee
PAD 525 Constitutional and Admin Law
Keisha S Fox
July 27, 2017
In this application, I will research and analyze Anti–Miscegenation Statutes within the United States and evaluate two cases that are associated with
them. Miscegenation is the method of mixing varionus races, whether they are mixed by marriage, procreation, or even sexual intercourse. (Martin)
Anti–Miscegenation laws embraced racial segregation because it was a crime for different races of people to get married. These laws were initiated in
the late 17th century and continued until 1967. All of the anti–miscegenation laws in the United States barred marriages that consisted of individuals
who were white and those who were considered "non–white." So a white male and black woman could not have been married or even in a relationship
without it being a crime back then. Some examples of miscegenation laws was when Oklahoma in 1908 had a law on books that barred marriages
between Africans and non–Africans, 1920, Louisiana barred marriages between blacks and Native Americans, and in 1935, Maryland prohibited the
marriages between Filipinos and blacks. (Pascoe, 2009) Two cases that are relevant to miscegenation are Loving v. Virginiaand Perez v. Sharp.
Loving v. Virginia
Facts of the case: this was a landmark civil rights case that overturned laws that prohibited interracial marriage. The case involved a black woman
named Mildred Loving and a white man Richard Loving, who was sentenced to prison in the state of Virginia for getting married. It was a crime
because the marriage of the two was a violation of the state's anti–miscegenation law, which was called the Racial Integrity Act of 1924. The couple got
married in Washington, DC and upon their return they were indicted for unlawful cohabitation and placed in jail. Mildred Loving wrote a letter to the
Attorney General; who was Robert F. Kennedy for assistance and in return she was referred to the ACLU who represented the couple in the case. The
Supreme Court governed that Virginia's bans on interracial marriages were considered unconstitutional. The court found that the anti–miscegenation
laws did not infringe on the Equal Protection Clause

How Courage Can Be Throughout The World
Throughout history, there have been countless times whenre individuals have courageously fought for change and societal justice. For instance,
Gandhi helped India gain their independence, even though the circumstances were extremely risky for him, and could have led to his arrest or
even death. However, he continued to persevere through it all, and was able to accomplish great things for his country. Another example is Malala
Yousafzai, who promoted the education of girls in her country. Despite the clear threat of the Taliban, she continued to fight hard for her cause.
Courage can be defined in many different ways, such as the ability to persevere and accomplish something in a frightening or risky situation.
Examples of courage can be seen all around the world. Without courageous people, society would not have been able to improve. Being courageous
is difficult, and requires an abundance of dedication and perseverance. It also includes remaining strong, despite the challenges that may occur along
the way. A major US figure who truly exhibits courage is Rosa Parks. Rosa Parks, or Rosa Louise McCauley, was born in Tuskegee, Alabama on
February 4, 1913. Her parents separated early in her childhood, so she lived with her grandparents, Rose and Sylvester Edwards. Her grandparents
were both former slaves, and were very outspoken about racial inequality. During Parks' life, discrimination against African Americans was very
common, especially in Alabama. Jim Crow laws, which

Springfield, Missouri : Race Relationships Essay
Springfield, Missouri: Race Relationships in the Early 20th Century
Looking back on history, it is important not to forget uncomfortable issues that occurred. Missouri, filled with successes, has also had its share of
important controversial issues. Recent occurrences like in Ferguson, Missouri in 2014, foreshadow racial tensions in Missouri history. Specifically,
Southern Ozark Missouri history. Starting around 1865, Jim Crow Laws affected the state tremendously. They created segregation, which turned to into
violent acts against those of color. The NAACP found, during their anti–lynching campaign, Missouri had 81 lynchings between 1889 and 1916. Three
of the lynchings happened on the town square of Springfield in 1906. Springfield, during the early 20th century reflects how Jim Crow laws led to acts
of violence against the African American community. These lynchings are the type of history that should not be overlooked in Missouri history.
Springfield is located on the Plateau of the Ozarks in the Southwest region of Missouri. It is about fifty–seven miles from the southern border.
Segregation, enacted by Jim Crow laws, was a part of Springfield society in the late 19th century. Jim Crow laws in Missouri between 1865 and 1952
consisted of, "seven school segregation and five miscegenation statutes, a public accommodations statute and a law forbidding interracial adoptions."
These Jim Crow laws depict the state 's racial stance, similar of most other border states at

White Supremacy In To Kill A Mockingbird
How would you feel if a family member was convicted guilty when you and the jury know they were innocent? Many African American families had
that feeling because of unfair court trials in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. As reconstruction ended many things came about such as Jim
Crow laws, discrimination, and the idea of white supremacy. These laws, feelings, and ideas made it so there were no fair trials with African
Americans against Caucasians in the south in the late 1800s and early 1900s. As the nineteenth century was coming to a close, Jim Crow laws were
coming about. These laws affected how blacks and whites were treated and what they could or could not do. The Jim Crow laws discriminated against
blacks in public places including... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
White supremacy and superiority was an idea that turned into a belief among many that the white race was better than the other races ("White
Supremacy", Jenkins). White supremacy gave people the idea that people of the white race were better than African Americans. People on the jury of
court trials were almost always white and had this idea in their brain which led to whites always being considered innocent and African Americans
guilty. This is shown in To Kill a Mockingbird during the Tom Robinson trial when the jury was all white and they knew Tom was innocent but
because he was African American and was going against a white person he was considered guilty of rape (Lee). Even though that particular example
was from a book, it is based on true stories that actually occurred. White supremacy was in the brains of whites and states only helped to support this
idea. States had "emphasized white superiority" because government were made up of whites and that is what they believed in ("Student Edition Page
236"). When white superiority was brought into the mix of things like the Jim Crow laws, it made discrimination and segregation worse and more
common. The idea of white superiority was brought into the court systems so every time an African American was against a white in court, they would
have no chance and would be found guilty. In the United States the Jim Crow laws were

America 's Miscegenation Anxiety And The State Of Virginia
Even through contradictory politics and the use of religion as justification in the formation and adherence to these segregation laws, the resolve of
individuals have collectively played a tremendous role in racial equality in all facets of life.
Before the Civil War, the Constitution gave rights, individual rights, only against the government. After the Civil War, the 14th Amendment clearly
defined national citizenship and prohibited any single state to deprive any person of "life, liberty or property without due process of law," to deny any
citizen the "privileges and immunities" of citizenship, or to deny any person "the equal protection of the laws." After the Supreme Court ultimately
neutralized this amendment through its decision in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Is it not the foundation of a greater or less share of beauty in the two races? Are not the fine mixtures of red and white, the expressions of every
passion by greater or less suffusions of colour in the one, preferable to that eternal monotony, which reigns in the countenances, that immovable veil of
black which covers all the emotions of the other race? Add to these, flowing hair, a more elegant symmetry of form, their own judgment in favour o f
the whites, declared by their preference o f them, as uniformly as is the preference o f the Oran–ootan for the black women over those o f his own
species. (Jefferson 186, italics mine) Reading Jefferson's constructed history in Notes against his lived history–his own liaisons with women not "of his
own species"–enters us into the profound rhetorical contradictions of interracialism in America.
In many cases, the success of the major legal battles during the Civil Rights era depended on the effort, courage, and tenacity of individuals. Richard
Loving and Mildred Jeter were two such individuals. By marrying one another, Richard being white, and Mildred being considered negro, Richard and
Mildred broke the Virginia Racial Integrity Act

C. Vann Woodward's The Strange Career of Jim Crow Essay
C. Vann Woodward's The Strange Career of Jim Crow
In the field of history, it is rare that an author actually comes to shape the events discussed in their writing. However, this was the case for C. Vann
Woodward and his book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow. First published in 1955, it discusses this history of race relations in America, more
specifically the Jim Crow laws he equates with the segregation of races. Woodward argues that segregation itself was a fairly new development within
the South, and did not begin until after Reconstruction ended. He further argues that since the South has seen so much change, citing the Civil War,
Reconstruction, and the development of the Jim Crow laws, it is possible for more changes to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was, in fact, a great deal of contact between whites and blacks in the slave South. Instead, he argues, the Jim Crow system of "white
supremacy, Negro subordination, and racial segregation" originated in the North, and emancipation led to increased separation of the races. The
established system of segregation in the North moved to the South during and after Reconstruction. However, Reconstruction was, he argues, a
unique period in history during which each race was figuring out its place in the new social system, and can therefore not be related to either the era
of slavery or of Jim Crow. Instead, during Reconstruction, there were alternatives which Woodward argues are often forgotten. Before their attitudes
became degrading, whites were more paternalistic towards blacks. He ensures that he is by no means arguing that this was a "golden age of race
relations", however, he does argue that "the era of stiff conformity and fanatical rigidity that was to come had not yet closed in and shut off all contact
between the races...[and] there were still real choices to be made."
Though it is easy to assume that the transition to the extremely racist era of Jim Crow was due to a conversion of opinion, Woodward argues that it
was instead due to a decrease in opposition. He states that "Just as the Negro gained his emancipation and new rights through a falling out between
white men, he now stood to lose his rights through the reconciliation of white

Race, Class And Social Inequality In American Society
So, what is the relationship between race, class, and gender on the life balances of people to progress their relative position in this socially
stratified world? Well, to begin with, social stratification is a system by which a society positions categories of people in a hierarchy. In American
society, it is clearly obvious that some groups have greater status, power, and wealth than other groups do. It has been this way for centuries. How
does race, class and gender impact inequality in the US today and how are these situations obstructed by the procedures and pretention of the Trump
and his administration. For one, most of his Cabinet is white and male, which pushes racial diversity out of the window. There has been historically
significant problem with racism for centuries. For example, in the section "The Problem of the Twentieth Century is the Problem of the Color Line"
from the Inequality and Society book, the issue centers on racism remaining prevalent in society following the singing of the Emancipation
Proclamation decades earlier (Dubois 120). Some factors included not having full rights to a proper education, not having opportunities to earn decent
wages, and not being given a fair trial, resulting in immediate lynching. This period was known as the Jim Crow period. So, what was the reality about
Jim Crow? In the peer–reviewed article "The Truth about Jim Crow?", it was clearly established of white people's intent to dehumanize blacks and
keep them as second

Analysis Of The Movie ' Dear White People ' By Justin Simien
Racism Still Exist
The feature film "Dear White People" Directed by Justin Simien is a smart and a fearless debut as I have seen from an American filmmaker in quite
some time: open to encourage and confident in its own originality. And he deserves the won the U.S. Dramatic Special Jury Award for Breakthrough
Talent at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay. We have heard it a lot that "We have a black
President so racism must be over"? We have seen a lot of stories in just the last couple of years about white People throwing black–themed parties full
of insulting racial stereotypes? No other film comes with more buzz than Justin Simien 's debut feature, Dear White People, particularly amongst the
black community expecting a blistering new voice similar to a Spike Lee. It's a clever campus comedy that revolves around a handful of hot potatoes –
race, sex, privilege, power – with elegant swiftness and only an occasional fumble. If you ever watch this movie then you will want to talk about it
afterward, even if the conversation feels a little awkward. If it doesn't feel awkward then you're doing it wrong. There is great enjoyment to be found
here, and very little comfort. As it sets on Ivy League institution, these institutions are where many of America 's leaders and innovators are farmed, but
during the process it includes a certain amount of sandbox childishness. It 's fortunate that, like "The Social Network," "Dear White

Black No More Toni Morrison Character Analysis
Black No More Essay Toni Morrison once said, "In this Country American means white. Everybody else has to hyphenate." In the novel Black No
More, by George S, Schuyler, the main character Max lives in Harlem, New York as an American citizen during the renaissance period, but he
doesn't feel as though he belongs. It wasn't until max receives a transformation to become white, that he feels like he is a man who can play an
important role in society. Max is living in a whole new world now, one that if full of wealth, power, and acceptance. He no longer has to feel like a
burden on society due to the fact that he's now white. This was seen as the only true definition of an "American." As Max's transformation takes place,
one can see the oppression... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The treatment he faced by people of authority and other white citizens made him and other black people during this time believe that to be a true
citizen he needed to be white. It is not until Max makes the decision to change his appearance that he finally experiences what it is like to be treated
like a real citizen. Max mentions these new experiences he will be able to have when he says, "What a treat it would be to mingle with white people in
places where as a youth he had never dared to enter. At last he felt like an American citizen" (Schuyler 29). Max is showing his excitement to
become an active member in society. He can finally go places that all citizens should be allowed to go, but never got the chance to because of the
color of his skin. One could imagine how being restricted from places in many communities can cause a feeling of unimportance and a lack of
equality. One starts to understand the power that being white can grant a person. If one is white they will have many more opportunities in life to
succeed. In a study done by George Lipsitz he talks about this concept explaining, "Collective exercises of group power relentlessly channeling
rewards, resources and opportunities from one group to another will not be seen as racist from this perspective, [...] but they work to construct
racial identities by giving people of different races vastly different life chances" (Lipsitz 381). The chances that are mentioned are given to the
white people because they want to keep and secure their power. The feeling of citizenship comes along with opportunities and Max was not able to
receive these when he was black. Max was aware of the rights that he was unfairly stripped of, largely impart of the Jim Crow Laws. These laws
created and enforced unequal practices in the American society. In the New Jim Crow it explains, "The federal government no longer made any effort
to enforce federal

Oppression Of Women And Minority People
A)Frye opens the essay with defining what oppression is about which it targeted toward women and the minority people. Oppression happens
when a woman or a person from minority group are denied the privilege that white male made to prevent from them to receive same rights as the
white males experience. It results for them to be expected to smile, accept the fate and move on with daily life no what how unfair the situation is.
Oppression is not only just limited to just one structure but also many factors in force which it includes the barriers and double binds. Oppression
is not about not able to receive the privilege but the barriers that they had to face everyday that prevent them from able to move forward with their
position. On the other side, double binds occur among to the barriers, mainly targeted toward the females because unlike males, they cannot win
any type of situation. Women are double standard by white males, for example, women are expected to be prude, but not too prude which it leads
for males to tell them to lighten up and be more flexible. They cannot enjoy sex too much or they will be labeled as slut, thus it shows how males
set up structured barriers to keep women inferior from their social status. Oppression is more than just a group of people who are being treated
unfairly, which Frye had explained one way to see oppression macroscopically by using an example, as to look at the birdcage. The first time you see
the cage close enough, which you merely

Racial Pregregation In America's Case : Plessy Vs....
June, 1892, Homer A. Plessy was arrested and jailed for boarding a car that was intended to seat white patrons only. He was a mix of two races,
white and black. Plessy was 7/8ths white and only a meager 1/8th black. He was allowed to ride in his cart until he made his race known to the
conductor, who then asked him to move to the cars for black patrons. When Plessy refused, the conductor had him arrested. On May 18, 1896 in a 7–1
decision, the policy of "separate but equal" was declared constitutional and enacted. This policy of segregation lasted almost 60 years until Brown vs.
Board overturned the law, announcing it to be unconstitutional in 1954. The outcome of Plessy vs. Ferguson welded segregation into law, ultimately
resulting in the perpetuation of pre–existing divisions in America.
When the Plessy vs. Ferguson case was in progress, some whites began to feel a sense of superiority over colored persons, while others believed that in
order to keep America's goals of liberty and equality that there could be no superior race. As these feelings arose, many began to take action.
Republicans in the north stated "weakening African American rights in the antebellum south helped to foster racial separation" (Lerner 304) in
addition, there was a notable increase in acts of race–baited violence. This also lead to white supremacists taking steps to undo the achievements and
progress towards racial equality that were made during the Reconstruction Era. Among many, the most

Analysis Of James Baldwin 's ' Blues For Mister Charlie '
James Baldwin in his play "Blues for Mister Charlie" describes the racial hatred between the white town and the black town. The play concerns
with Richard, a black man who returns to the South with a gun to recover from drug addiction and start a new life. Richard carries a gun with him
as he returns, but he passes the gun to his father voluntarily. At the end, Richard was killed by a white man named Lyle for his provocative
behavior. Why is Richard carrying a gun and why did he gives it to Meridian? Richard is afraid of being exposed as weak and vulnerable because it
will compromise his felt sense of masculinity; therefore, he carries a gun to make his appearance as a strong man who would never bow down to
oppression. Richard was... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, he continues to experience discrimination which weakened his masculinity. Self–blame and low self–esteem caused his drug addiction.
He uses drugs to mask his vulnerability, and he carries a gun to prove his masculinity. After struggling in the North, Richard moved back to the
Southern town of his birth to recover from the addiction. He was aware of the racial violence caused by the Jim Crow Laws. Richard was afraid to
end up like his mother, so he carried a gun with him as he goes back to the South for protection. When his grandmother found out that he has had
the gun for a long time, Richard insists in keeping the gun and he commanded her not to tell his father, Meridian of the gun. However, after the
interactions with Juanita and Lyle, Richard gives the gun to his father voluntarily. What causes Richard to change his mind and give the gun to his
father? Given Richard's provocative behavior toward Lyle, one might suggests that Richard pass the gun to Meridian because he wants to be
defenseless. He offends Lyle hoping that he will retaliates and eventually ends his life. But why would he want to die? Perhaps because he fails to
pursue his dream to become a blues singer in the place where African American can succeed. In addition, his drug addiction had made his life a mess
and Richard choose to be defenseless just to end the suffering of discrimination. Instead of passing the gun to people

The Influence Of Racial Segregation In Birmingham
Birmingham was the United States' worst city for racial segregation. In Birmingham, the white folk walked on their side of the road and the black folk
walked on theirs. The white folk had shops labelled with the words "WHITE ONLY", which were a barrier to those who had coloured skin. If a white
person was ever seen on the black side of the road it was perfectly fine, but if a black person was ever seen on the white side of the road or near a
"WHITE ONLY" shop, they would be taken away by the KKK, a group with the belief that the whiterace is superior, and never seen again until their
bruised and bloodied bodies were found by police. All of this was written in a letter sent by a small local Christian group in Alabama. I had heard of
many racially segregated cities across the United States but they were nothing compared to Birmingham and as I read, I could hear their plea for help
come off the page and fill the living room. All of this was upsetting, but also a motivation for my civil rights movement. At the time that I had received
the letter, I was living in Atlanta and working as a co – pastor with my father, at the local Baptist Church. We did not have many white folk attend our
services, but many coloured people filled the Church and showed their compassion. Our church was a place where both white and black people could
cohort, in an effort to unify the two races and break the barriers of racial segregation in Atlanta. While working as a co – pastor, I continued my civil

Jim Crow Racism
This essay will argue that white people were violently racist towards African Americans in the south because the threat of them succeeding
economically, educationally, and socially created competition for things that whites felt they were entitled to. Jim Crow laws were created as a way to
control the success of African Americans and prevent them from reaching their full potential in society. Evidence of their actions proves this in the
laws they made, the ways they treated them, and the words said about them. Whites felt entitled to these things because they viewed themselves as
"supreme".
The threat of African Americans succeeding economically motivated white southerners to act out. For three centuries, African Americans did all of the
hard work for white farmers, so they were ahead of the farming game. They had outstanding knowledge of how to grow crops and the best way to do
it. Whites felt entitled to being superior, so they wanted to eliminate competition for successful farmers. In Burke County, Georgia, anAfrican American
farmer reported that his acreage of land was reduced by the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) committee so that his white
neighbor could acquire more land. These acts of blatant racism were nearly impossible to fight back on, because whites had such a tight grip on what
African Americans could do. Laws were made that told African Americans what they could do, and most importantly, what they could not do.
Educational

What Are The Effects Of Jim Crow Laws
Franklin D. Roosevelt once said, "Men are not prisoners of fate, but only prisoners of their own minds," (1939). President Roosevelt could have meant
many things when saying this quote. However, many believe that he was saying that the inner thoughts and emotions such as greed and jealousy
override what is truly standing in front of everyone. The answer to many problems that you stay up late trying to solve and figure out why it's that way
and not another. Often people like to call this conclusion an answer, but others prefer another term the truth. After the Civil War with the help of
Abraham Lincoln, the south went into the reconstruction of their landmarks and homes. Almost everything had been burned to the ground when the
south succeeded from the Union. Shortly after, however, President... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, a law in Georgia was, " The Board of Control shall see that proper and distinct apartments are arranged for said patients so that in no
case shall Negroes and white persons be together." Yet, this law was not apparaent in the state of Alabama. Jim Crowe laws differed by state and had
no real guideline for which laws had to be enforced or not. According to Gale Encyclopedia, Jim Crow Laws were overall designed to ensure that
people of color and the whites never had any contact, as though there was a split between every area. Only colored citizens allowed here, and white
citizens allowed there.
The most memorable effect of the Jim Crow laws is the outcome of the actions of the people both colored and white. Whites to ensure that people of
color would not get into line formed groups to help keep everything in order. The most well–known group is the KKK or otherwise known as the Ku
Klux Klan. The KKK was designed to show that all blacks know their place. Jim Crow Laws states, "The insidious Jim Crow caricature of the Negro
became a

The Jim Crow South As Depicted By Richard Wright And...
In the Jim Crow South as depicted by Richard Wright and Eudora Welty, race is a matter of visibility. For black southerners, forever under the
looming threat of white surveillance, to be seen is to be to be in danger. While Welty and Wright existed on opposite sides of the white gaze, the
authors make contact as they explore and critique the barrier it created between white and black southerners, and the violence that resulted from this
divide. In Welty's "A Curtain of Green" and Wright's "Down by the Riverside," the surveyors become the surveyed, and a new perspective is born
that resists the dominance of the white point of view. Welty introduces the problem of white blindness in "A Curtain of Green" by placing the white
women of Larkin's Hill "in the windows of their houses, fanning and sighing, waiting for the rain" (107). These southern ladies, who "occasionally,
looked down from their bedroom windows as they studiously brushed their hair," epitomize the ideals of white southern womanhood that the Jim
Crow laws were supposedly erected to preserve (108). "Gazing down from their upstairs windows" into Mrs. Larkin's "slanting, tangled garden," these
women assume a position of privilege––of surveillance (107, 108). Yet what is significant to the relationship between Mrs. Larkin and her neighbors is
not what "might be observed" from their elevated vistas, such as her unkempt hair and soil–stained overalls, but rather what "her neighbors could not
see": the threat of racial

The Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws After the Civil War, African Americans were free but not equal, the creation of the Jim Crow Laws were not equal laws for the
blacks compared to the whites. It caused many conflicts that many people would not agree with. Jim Crow Laws were created in the 1800's.
Everything around the blacks and the whites were segregated towards their color, and it wasn't equal. After the Civil War the laws for the blacks
we not equal compared to the whites. The issue becomes important when both races start getting into arguments just because of crossing sides or
conflict between the two because the laws were unequal and unfair. Jim Crow Laws became active in the 1880's, over the years white individuals
were treated with much more respect than black individuals, all restaurants, water fountains, bathrooms, buses, and anything you could think of
was segregated by their color. The issue raised, was how the laws weren't created equally and the separation of everything was unnecessary
especially if they cannot create them equally. "It shall be unlawful for a negro and white person to play together or in company with each other in
any game of cards or dice, dominoes or checkers." During the time period only one color associated with one color, and even playing games together
was not allowed, it was frowned upon. "Separate free schools shall be established for the education of children of African descent; and it shall be
unlawful for any colored child to attend any white school

Miscegenation: Progress Then and Now
The freedom to marry whomever one chooses has historically been a huge issue in the United States, and it continues to be an issue today. Obstacles
for romantic relationships can stem from prejudices regarding wealth, age, gender, and more. This paper in particular aims to examine the concept of
racial discrimination in miscegenation in both the past and the present through its presence in film. Film can be an incredibly effective window into the
popular opinions of the era in which they are produced. Films portray the ideas, the prejudices, and the treatment of people of color during the
production time. To further explore the concept of the attitudes toward miscegenation presented in class, this paper will examine the progress of its...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of social and romantic rejection from both African American and white communities, some biracial people committed suicides out of
isolation. (Scheffer, 2013, p.38) Because this discrimination was so commonplace in society that it was normal to have laws against interracial
marriages, it makes sense that these ideals would be seen in the media and film during the 1930s.
The belief in the past that miscegenation between a black person and a white person should not occur is reflected by the entertainment of the time,
particularly in film. Zouzou is a 1934 movie that reflects the societal rejection of African American and white miscegenation in the 1930s. The film
depicts the story of an African American girl named Zouzou, and her white "twin" brother, Jean, who grew up with her in a travelling circus. Zouzou
loves Jean, but he becomes involved with a white woman (Allegret, 1934). Because Jean, a white man, ends up in love with the white woman, it
reinforces the idea that a romantic relationship between two white people is much more natural and preferable than one between two different races. In
the film, it doesn't matter that Zouzou was a successful and famous black woman, which was different from many films during its time. The
consequential message was that ultimately Zouzou's race was enough to keep her

The Double Standard In Shortcomings By Adrian Tomine
In Shortcomings, Adrian Tomine writes about Ben Tanaka's relations with women, indirectly commenting on relationship between different races.
An overarching theme through the novel is the gendered double standard that Ben holds when it comes to an Asian person's relations with white
women versus white men. A double standard is defined by Merriam Webster as: "a set of principles that applies differently and usually more
rigorously to one group of people or circumstances than to another; especially: a code of morals that applies more severe standards of sexual
behavior to women than to men" ("Double Standard"). The second half of this definition is the most relevant part of our analysis of Ben. When Ben
visits Miko in New York after she moves, he's upset when he sees her on the arm of someone he assumes to be a white man despite having been with a
white woman himself. This double standard that Tomine portrays reflects both Ben's own perspectives and his inability to see past gender and race.
Another important aspect to keep in mind is the use and danger of fetishization as talked about in Shortcomings. A fetish, according to
Merriam–Webster, is: "An object or bodily part whose real or fantasized presence is psychologically necessary for sexual gratification and that is an
object of fixation to the extent that it may interfere with complete sexual expression" ("Fetish"). The most important part of this definition is the second
half, as Ben's fixation on white women interferes with his sexual expression. Shortcomings emphasizes double standards and fetishizations through the
repeated illustrations of women and through a comparison to Alice's lesbian relationship to prove why Ben treats women in the book the way he does.
Throughout Shortcomings, Ben's relationships tend to be defined by the fetishization of women and his own insecurities surrounding race. On pages 29
and 30, Miko accuses him of fawning over white girls. Blaming it on white media, Ben hastily acknowledges this bias and doesn't try to dispute it; he
takes it as a fact that can't be changed because society has deemed the objectification of women to be normal (Figure 1). See this exemplified
throughout the book in the illustrations; Tomine illustrates

Causes Of The Jim Crow Laws
My position is that the Jim Crows Laws were entirely outrageous and gave no real hope to the people who truly needed it. The Jim Crow laws are the
laws that made the separation of the "nonwhites" (Expert Space) from the whites legal. Some of the whites used to think that they were "naturally
smarter and more civilized than blacks" (Expert Space). The creation of the Jim Crow laws took place in about 1880, after World War II ended; it
ended due to the Civil Rights Act in the 1950's. These laws were started in the US Supreme Court, though there were fifty states that didn't adopt the
laws: Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York,
Vermont, and Wisconsin. This segregation took place mostly in the south, like the slavery that was going on in the US up until 1865. This leads to the
first cause of the Jim Crow laws. Racism: it has been going on since the start of man. White people thought and some still think that they were and are
superior to the African American people. It got really bad when the white people enslaved the people of color in 1619–1865. Most of the former slave
owners were so furious over the ending of the Jim Crow laws, that they continued to treat the black people terribly. They were ecstatic when the Jim
Crow laws were created about fifteen years later so they could appear superior to the black people once again. There were some people who fought for
the rights of the

The Jim Crow Laws : The Experiences Of The Jim Crow Laws
The was once a time where blacks and whites could work with each other side by side. In these times it was after slavery but freed slaves knew
their place. I would say it was a wonderful time people just knew how to respect everyone. However, one day in the Plessy vs Ferguson trail a
black man was in the white area of the train. With that, therefore the Jim Crow laws develop. Jim crow laws were enforced racial segregation no in
the United States. this meaning that always white and blacks had to be separated on buses, restaurants, movies, etc. Also, that means more hard
punishment and disrespect for blacks. With knowing that this is going daily. It must and should've to affect individuals in ways that we wouldn't
want to know. By this encountered the experiences of the Jim Crow laws. With frequently inflamed news for white newspapers about the
allegations of black individuals committed crimes but the whites inraged and in fear. Additionally, the blacks were felt the same way as well. In one
experience of a white man named Kirk Bridely experience the Jim Crow laws. In his experience, he was given a shift that was special for him to
take. The job was to create the mixture to make rubber tires. At this, job there was sign up for separated bathrooms, lunchrooms and given to get into
work. One day as he explains that he went into the white lunchroom and was mediately sent out of the lunch because he was covered with the carbon
black mixture. He says the little–crowed panic tables under a stairwell where the blacks eat with no air condition. In the light of the Jim Crow there
were certain laws that must be followed, such as in Alabama 1930 there shall not be any white or colored individuals play of any kind with each
other. In Arkansas 1903 no white prisoners could not be handcuffed to a black prisoner. In addition, in Atlanta Georgia 1926 no colored barber
shall serve as a barber to white women or girls. Mississippi 1920, no person shall be seen doing or talking about equality between whites and blacks.
If anyone shall be caught they would be fine or imprisonment or both. Equally, Maryland 1924 if a white woman was found impregnated or have a by
a black man she was sentenced to the

Racial Discrimination
Couples comprised of multiple racial and ethnic identities have historically been met with mixed reactions. Some have viewed them as a form of
assimilation into a culture while others consider them an act unnatural act. The social and legal implications of these odd pairings was most often
determined by the white legislators. Laws banning miscegenation were formed with the intention of controlling and regulating the complex moral
implications of interracial sexuality in an extremely racialized America. A relationship founded on a mutual attraction between a white person and
colored person, rather than a one purely based on a racialized power dynamic that favored the white individual, implied a racial equality that
threatened American white supremacy. This threat of egalitarianism was primarily combatted in a legal arena which was inspired by social precedents
that were in turn reinforced by these same laws. Many of the miscegenation laws were used to limit legal and social rights as well as citizenship of non
white individuals.
Peggy Pascoe's "What comes naturally" discusses the miscegenation laws as they relate to white supremacy in post slavery America. Slavery in the
United States existed alongside and reinforced ideas about racial hierarchy and the dichotomy between people of color and whites. Most of these
arbitrary differences that supposedly exemplified black inferiority were formed to as a means to justify the treatment of people of color. Although
slaves weren't

Effects Of The Jim Crow Era
In 1877 the Jim Crow era was created, which caused segregation to happen to all black people. Over 4,000 people were lynched by white people during
the Jim Crow era and there were many racist people back then. Life for black people during the Jim Crow era was gruesome, brutal,and unfair.
When the Jim Crow era happened, many people were lynched due to accusations, which happened to black people. In the text "New Details Emerge on
Lynchings in Jim crow south" infers that, " A new report from the Alabama
–based Equal Justice Initiative(EJI) said its researchers have documented
nearly 4,000 lynchings of African–American in 12 states during the Jim crow era." The states that 4,000 people have been lynched due to their race, and
auction for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the text "Jim Crow laws" It infers that'' African–Americans began to organize, protest, and fight segregation and the jim crow laws in the 1900's the
supreme Court said that segregation of the schools was illegal in the famous Brown v. Board of education case. Later, protests such as the montgomery
Bus Boycott and the March on Washington brought the issue of jim crow to national attention". This tell us that when segregation was going on during
the jim crow era black people disliked it and fought back so the white people know they have a voice. This shows that white people back then were
unfair to blacks and were extremely racist and wanted to be separated from the blacks. In 1964 the Jim Crow laws were found illegal and were taken
off, so now blacks and drink water with whites and go to school with white people. In the text ''Jim Crow Laws" it infers that" Jim Crow laws were
made illegal with the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965". This shows us that now that the jim crow laws are
illegal many people stopped facing segregation, and all people of color were treated equally. This shows us that due to the Jim Crow laws becoming
illegal people of color began to find jobs and were living like the

The Report From Raleigh 's News And Observer ' The Ghost...
The report from Raleigh's News & Observer "The Ghost of 1898; Wilmington's Race Riot and the Rise of White Supremacy" by Timothy B. Tyson
discussed the historical event that is crucial, yet was rarely spoke of until recent years. On November 10, 1989 Wilmington–a majority black populated
city as well as center of African–American political and economic success–a group of white supremacist burned down the building the local black
newspaper resulting in the killing dozens of black residents, banishment of successful black leaders as well as their white supporters. The effects of
this incident set path to the further expansion of white supremacy, and to an era of segregation, violence and repression. One of the main contribution
to the success of the Democratic party ruled by white supremacist was the usage of the press, particularly newspapers, that carry propaganda to push
the campaign in their favor. They exploited the power of the press to demonized black men as rapists who "threatened the pure flower of Southern
women" (Tyson 7) and as tyrannical demons that threatens the white race.
Racial superiority of whites was an ideology deeply ingrained, but the Democratic Party understood that it would be crucial to their campaign to "fan
[the ember of bigotry] to full flame" (6). The major theme of the campaign became a mission to save white supremacy from "Negro domination."
Black men are portrayed as heinous and savage creatures that target the pure image of white women.

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