This document provides information on various tunnels around the world, including: - The longest subsea tunnel in China is the Jiaozhouwan Subsea Tunnel which is 7.8km long with 3.95km under the sea. - The English Channel Tunnel between France and UK is the longest undersea tunnel for road vehicles at 50.5km long. - The Delaware Aqueduct in the US is the world's longest continuous underground tunnel at 137km long. - China has built over 10,000 tunnels with a total length of around 7,000km, making it the country with the most tunnels.

1. 1
Tunnel Mechanics
隧道力学
Lecture 2
2020-09-21（Mon.）9:50-12:15, 4304B
CHEN Shougen, Professor
Department of Underground Engineering
School of Civil Engineering，SWJTU

2. The 1st tunnel across the Yangzi River
-Wuhan Yangzi River Tunnel
The tunnel is 3.3km long, built between 2004-2008. Yangzi River
has a length of 6397km.

3. The 1st subsea tunnel in China
-Xiangan Subsea Tunnel in Xiamen
The tunnel connects the main island and Xiangan district in
Xiamen, with a length of 5.9km, while 3.2km under the sea，in
use in 2009. it has a biggest section of subsea tunnel in the
world with (17.2m wide, 12m high).

4. The longest subsea tunnel in China
-Jiaozhouwan Subsea Tunnel (胶州湾海底隧道)
The tunnel is 7.8km long, while 3.95km under the sea, completed on
2010-4-28, in two tunnel each has 3 lanes. It is constructed by
Drill/blast method, the rock is mainly granite.

5. Plan of The Taiwan Strait Tunnel
Mainland
Taiwan
5

6. The English Channel Tunnel
The Channel Tunnel between France and the United
Kingdom under the English Channel has a total length of
50.5km, of which 37.9 km is under the sea. The tunnel was
started for use in May 1994.
England
France
6

7. The longest subsea rail tunnel in use
-The Seikan Tunnel, Japan
The Seikan Tunnel in Japan is the longest subsea rail
tunnel in use in the world at 53.9 km, of which 23.3 km
is under the sea. The tunnel section is 80m2, The
construction was started in April 1971, and to use on
13 March 1988.
7

8. The longest tunnel in construction
Japan-Korea subsea tunnel
The tunnel connects kyushu of Japan and busan of
Korea， with a length of 230km including 128km in the
sea.

9. The longest road tunnel in the world
The Lærdal Tunnel in Norway from Lærdal to Aurland is
the world's longest road tunnel, intended for cars and
similar vehicles, at 24.5 km.
9

10. The Zhongnanshan Tunnel
The Zhongnanshan Tunnel in People's Republic of China
opened in January 2007 is the world's 2nd longest highway
tunnel and the longest road tunnel in Asia, at 18 km.
10

11. The longest tunnel in the world
the Delaware Aqueduct (137km long)
11

12. The Delaware Aqueduct
At 137km long and 4.11m wide, the Delaware Aqueduct
is the world's longest continuous underground tunnel,
It takes water from the Rondout Reservoir through the
Chelsea Pump Station, the West Branch Reservoir, and
the Kensico Reservoir, ending at the Hillview Reservoir
in Yonkers, New York.
The aqueduct was constructed between 1939 and 1945,
and carries approximately half of the New York City
water supply of 1.3 billion US gallons per day. The
Delaware Aqueduct leaks up to 35 million gallons per
day. 12

13. The biggest railway tunnel in China
-Goumowan Tunnel, China
The Goumowan Tunnel was constructed in 1993 on the rail
line from Xiangfan to Chongqing, it is 1285m long, 228m2
(20.5 wide and 13m high) in section with three rail lanes.
13

14. Maximum in:
width=21.2m
Section=257m2
Big section
railway tunnels in
China
14

15. The biggest highway tunnel in China
-Yabao Tunnel, Shenzhen, China
The Yabao Tunnel was constructed in 2006 on the
Nanping highway in Shenzhen. It has two one-way tunnels.
Each tunnel is 262.5m long, 21.1m wide and 13.7m high
with 4 lanes.
15

16. Maximum width:
33 m
Big section road
tunnels in China
16

17. The biggest cavern in the world
-Gjovik Olympic Mountain Hall
SRF
J
J
J
J
RQD
Q w
a
r
n



The 62m span Olympic Ice Hockey Cavern was
constructed in Gjovik, Norway, in 1991.
62m
17

18. Big section tunnels
outside China
English Channel tunnel:
width：21.2m
height: 15.4m
Section area：252m2
18

19. The oldest tunnel in the world ???
For defense purpose
The World's oldest underwater tunnel is rumored to
be the Terelek kaya tüneli under Kizil River, a little
south of the towns of Boyabat and Duragan in Turkey,
estimated to have been built more than 5000 years
ago, it is assumed to have had a defense purpose.
19

20. The earliest tunnel in the world
BC2180-2160，Babylon (Iraq) built a tunnel underpassing
the Euphrates River for foot，It was 900m long from the
Royal Palace to the Jupiter Shrine (a temple).
20

21. The 1st tunnel for car traffic in the world
Baoxiedao Tunnel is 13.6m long，4.2m wide，3.45~ 3.75m
in height，It was constructed in Year 61-64，taking 3 years.
It is located in Hanzhong City, Shanxi Province, China.

22. The first metro in the world
- London Metro
On 10th of January 1863, the first metro in the world –
London metro (7.6km long) was started its operation, 9.5
million people took this metro in the first year. The tunnel
section is 5.18m high and 8.69m wide.
Now, the London Metro has 12 lines, with a total length of
408km.

23. The first metro in China
The first metro in China – Beijing metro was started
construction in 1965, and operation in October 1969.
Now, the Beijing Metro has 14 lines, with a total length of
339.5km.
23

24. The operation of the 1st Metro in Shanghai was
started in1995-04-10. By 2010-04-20，11 metro lines
have been built, with 266 stations and a total
operation length of 410km (excluding Maglev train
), Shanghai has the longest metro in the world
surpassing London.
The city with the longest metro in the world
Shanghai Metro

25. The highest tunnel in the world
－Fenghuoshan Tunnel (风火山隧道), China
The highest tunnel in the world-Fenghuoshan Tunnel was
built on the rail line from Tibet to Qinghai China. The tunnel
is 1338m long and 4905m in altitude.
25

26. The deepest tunnel in the world
-Jinping diversion tunnel, China
Water level 2535m
900m
The Jinping diversion tunnel is 17.5km
long and 2535m in maximum overburden.
26

27. Till end of 2007, China has built more than 10,000 tunnels
with a total length of about 7000km, including 4673 road
tunnels with a total length of 2555.5km, 6213 rail tunnels
with a total length of 3511km (upto Year 1999).
China has built most tunnels
Dayaoshan Tunnel, 14.3km long, 1987
27

28. 序
号
线名 线路长
度
（km）
隧道座数 隧道长度
（m）
隧线比（％） 速度目标
值
-1 京港高铁 2240 350
0 沪昆高铁 2066 350
1 兰新二线 1776 14（新疆段） 19.3 2.7 250
2 京沪 1318 18 14376 1.1 350
3 哈大 914 8 9694 1.1 350
4 武广 869 222 172152 19.8 350
5 贵广 857 221 461683 53.9 350
6 兰渝 820 560000（桥隧） 70（桥隧） 250
7 云桂 710 181 406643 57.3 250
8 南广 575 106 108452 23.4 250
9 沪昆（贵州段） 559 175 330 59 250
10 厦深 502 80 118377 23.6 250
11 郑武 473 40 41154 8.7 350
12 成兰 462 71 309.9 67.1 200
13 郑西 458 38 76879 16.8 350
14 合武 359 37 64076 17.8 250
15 温福 298 59 149423 50.1 250
16 甬台温 282 59 88115 31.2 250
17 福厦 256 37 40406 15.8 250
18 石太 190 32 74904 39.4 250
19 广珠 142 4 4172 2.9 200
20 合宁 133 2 2005 1.5 250
21 广深港 103 24 32016 31.1 350
There are more
than 22 high-
speed railway
lines in China, in
use or in
construction
28

29. NO. 1
Beijing-Hongkong
2240km long
29

30. NO. 2: Shanghai-Kunming, 2066km long
30

31. NO. 3: Lanzhou-Xingjiang 2nd Line, 1776km long
31

32. NO. 4
Beijing-
Shanghai
1318km long
32

33. Statistic data
on tunnel/line
ratio in China
序号 线名 线路长
度
（km）
隧道座数 隧道长度
（m）
隧线比（％） 速度目标值
1 成兰 462 71 309.9 67.1 200
2 兰渝 820 560（桥隧） 70（桥隧） 250
3
沪昆（贵州
段）
559 175 330 59 250
4 云桂 710 181 406643 57.3(71 云南) 250
5 贵广 857 221 461683 53.9 250
6 温福 298 59 149423 50.1 250
7 石太 190 32 74904 39.4 250
8 甬台温 282 59 88115 31.2 250
9 广深港 103 24 32016 31.1 350
10 厦深 502 80 118377 23.6 250
11 南广 575 106 108452 23.4 250
12 武广 869 222 172152 19.8 350
13 合武 359 37 64076 17.8 250
14 郑西 458 38 76879 16.8 350
15 福厦 256 37 40406 15.8 250
16 郑武 473 40 41154 8.7 350
17 广珠 142 4 4172 2.9 200
18 兰新二线 1776 14（新疆段） 19.3 2.7 250
19 合宁 133 2 2005 1.5 250
20 京沪 1318 18 14376 1.2 350
21 哈大 914 8 9694 1.1 350
33