Aquaculture by Brian Crawford, Ph.D.

1. Coastal Resources Center · GSO · URI
Advancing life’s balance at the edge of the sea
Brian Crawford, Ph.D.
Senior Coastal Resources Manager
Stone Soup Leadership Institute’s
15th Youth Leadership Summit for Sustainable Development
June 22-28, 2019

2. Coastal Resources Center · GSO · URI
Our Portfolio
Safe, Sustainable Seafood
Thriving, Resilient Communities
& Empowered Citizens
Healthy, Well-Planned Coasts
Food
People
Place

3. Coastal Resources Center · GSO · URI
Tackling tough issues: Sustainable Fisheries
Working with communities in Ghana to rebuild depleted fish stocks

4. Coastal Resources Center · GSO · URI

5. Coastal Resources Center · GSO · URI

6. Coastal Resources Center · GSO · URI

7. Coastal Resources Center · GSO · URI

8. Coastal Resources Center · GSO · URI

9. Coastal Resources Center · GSO · URI

10. Coastal Resources Center · GSO · URI
Intergenerational equity
FISH
BIOMASS mt
TOTAL
FISH
CATCH mt
/season or
year
fish dying
+
Income of Buyers
and Processors $$
+
+
fish
spawning
and survival
Fishing Boat
EFFECTIVENESS:
total fish caught per
boat per day
Fishing EFFORT:
boat-days at sea *
boat capability
+
+
# boats
in fleet
boat
capability
per day
+
+
Boat Owners/
CAPTAIN:
investments in
boats
+
LATENT
AVAILABLE
CAPITAL
+
BUYER AND
PROCESSOR
CAPITAL
+
+
Density of
fish per km2
natural
mortality
market price of
fish $$
Average
capacity of
gear
CAPTAIN: Selection of
average length of fish to
target
CAPTAIN:
Selection of
quantity of fish per
trip
CAPTAIN: #
Trips per
season
CAPTAIN:
Days at sea per
trip
boat
power
+
licenses for
boats
industrial
licenses
semi-industrial
licenses
-
Set policies on
vessel #s, vessel
capability
Catch Per Unit
Effort info
*Closure
Days;
Seasons
CAPTAIN: target per
trip given size of hold,
fuel costs, quality
Set policies on days
available to fish
techniques to
increase
density (light
fishing)
Net length per
boat
Mesh size
CAPTAIN:
investment in
gear
Marine Police
Enforcement effort,
effectiveness
fish density
is declining
FISHERS PROTEST
Policy Resistance by
Fishers
Degree of trust
by artisanal
fishers in
national gov't
policies
compliance
theory
*need to complete
Legal Reform *need to set up
Fisheries Board *Fisheries Commission Role
* need to set
Species regulations
*need to set
Multi-species
regulations
GHANA Fisheries
Management Plan and
Regulations
TRAWLERS
NOW PLAY
A ROLE IN
SMALL
PELAGICS
FISHERIES COMMISSION
CAPACITY ISSUES slow to
implement
NO licenses for
artisanal canoes
Set policies on gear
(length, mesh size)
cost of
labor
EXPECTED
FUTURE PROFITS
external
pressures
on
captains
industry pressures
its own members
CAPTAIN'S CURRENT YEAR
PROFITS (Fishing Income -
Fishing Costs) /Fishing Effort
POLICY TAKES A LONG TIME...IS THERE ENOUGH LEFT?
NEED POLITICAL
HEROES
GETTING TO
YES...going the last
mile to adopt laws,
policies, rules
GOVT POLICY
ON SUBSIDIES
POLITICAL WILL
Government EFFORT low
Government
EFFECTIVENESS low
Overcapacity
of fleet
Overfishing
* licensing
of fishing
boats
IUU Illegal,
unregulated,
unreported fishing
IUU Illegal,
unregulated,
unreported fishing
Role of NGOs and
CBOs very limited
Political
interference in
enforcement
Overfished
Stocks
FUEL
SUBSIDIES
Limited expression of
women's concerns
No limits on
number of
trawler licenses
fishing canoes
Income of
fishers $$
Seeing is Believing : Proof that management
improves long term profits
Information on
Yield (MSY
max sustainable
yield)
Information on
Effort &
Effectiveness
price paid to
fishers $$
Food for households
(calories/
day/person) or
(kg/hh/yr)
set-aside for
home use
benefits provided
to fishers in-kind,
$$ Fraction
Minimum
Daily Diet
Infant nutrition
Maternal
nutrition
child stunting
index
-
leaving fishing
Education
school fees
cheap labor
from CLaT
Landings,
discards are
unknown
fix the people,
the fish will be
OK
loss of food
availability
recoop loss of food
supply, improve its
quality
improving the
quality of food
areas of mangrove
replanting & farms
more prepared for
the closed season
BUT NOT IN
Accra
least abundant
species are most
sensitive
Address the constraints:
literacy, numeracy,
business skills,
microcredit
pay fishers NOT
to fish
Need a soft landing for processors
when the fishery collapses
low demand for
alternative
livelihood
products
There are very few
alternatives in fishers
households # is 0.5
PHE decisions on family size
post harvest improvements
better community
development
Boat side, post-harvest
side involved
Women might invest less in fisheries
The Fishery Cannot
Absorb 50,000 new
entrants
external support for
non-fish livelihods for
women
impacts
of
fisheries
collapse
If product value
goes up, women
might actually invest
more in the fishery
2.3 Improving FC Data
Systems and Stock
Assessment Capacity
2.2 ICT innovations
for effective fisheries
management
2.1 Scientific and Technical
Working Group
4.1 Implementing the National Marine Fisheries Management Plan
1.2 Strengthening Law
Enforcement
Boycott IUU
1.2 Fish Stock DNA study
(Harmonizing Regional
Fisheries Policies)
4.1 Fisheries
Commission
canoe registration
data base
4.1 Support
Regulatory
Operations
Committee
4.1 Support
regulation of the
Canoe Sector
6.3 IUU
Enforcement
Hotline
Partnership
4.5 Livelihood development, value chain and post harvest improvement
4.3 post harvest processing knowledge
4.5 fish packaging
4.3 hygenic fish
practices: raised
platforms
4.3 Ahotor stoves
4.3 Stove financing
4.4 DAA Fisheries Center: entrepreneurship;
marketing ; fire prevention
4.2 Community
Based Mgt:
Ankobra, Pra,
Densu
6.1 Millennium / UT
Life Insurance
Partnership
<4.2 Community
Based Mgt:
Ankobra, Pra,
Densu>
4.2 Estuary
management
committee
determines
fishing rules
4.2 Threats
based approach
to lagoon and
estuary
conservation
4.3 piloting ice
boxes
5.2 Implement Gender Strategy
4.3 healthy fish
campaign
4.5 Reducing CLAT in
Fisheries
1.4 Informing the US
government on key
fisheries policy issues
in Ghana
B.7 Monitoring and EvaluationB.5 Reporting
Requirements
B.3 SFMP Office LocationsB.2 SFMP Staffing
B.4 Internal
coordination B. SFMP Project Management3.3 Corporate Communications
2.5 Environmental
Planning/ Data Hub
7.2 Developing CSO Capacity 5.1 Gender Strategy
B.9 Sustainability Considerations
2.3 UCC/ DFAS/ CCM
Capacity Development
3.1 National
Communications
Campaign for
Small Pelagic
Fisheries
B.1 The SFMP Implementation Team
IR 6 Public
Private
Partnerships
6.2 Tigo Fishers
Network Partnership
B.6 Coordination with
MOFAD, other GoG
agencies and key donor
projects
IR 7 Capacity Development of Targeted Institutions
5.1 Gender Strategy: Policy Engagement
FISHERIES VALUE CHAIN
RESILIENT
FISHING
COMMUNITIES
AND FAMILIES
FISHERIES
OPERATIONS &
ENFORCEMENT
ECOLOGICAL
SYSTEMS TO
SUPPORT
FISHERIES
INFORMATION FOR
DECISIONS &
IMPLEMENTATION
GOOD FISHERIES GOVERNANCE AT LOCAL, REGIONAL, NATIONAL, INT'L SCALES
FISHERIES
SECTOR
INPUTS
profitability of
value chain
4.3 Healthy Fish
consolidators
6.3 USAID
innovation lab on
digital finance
+
<3.1 National
Communications
Campaign for Small
Pelagic Fisheries>
SFMP PROGRAM MANAGEMENT
Overfishing
Interventions to Rebuild Ghana’s Fishery