4. 降低成本公式
此處所提公式並非數學式,而是一種如何降低成
本之思考程序(procedure) 。
What is the cost? (Cost reduction formula)
Ask these To seek these
For each results
questions
Why 針 Operation Eliminate
5 What 對 Transportation Combine
W
每
When 一 Storage
1
Who 作
H
業
Where Inspection Reroute
How Delay Simply
2008/6/16 工作研究 4
5. Ask the following questions for cost
reduction (序列問題提問)
1. Can I eliminate this step? (可節省最多成本)
2. Can I combine this step with another step or
steps?
3. Can I rearrange the steps to make the flow
shorter and/or smoother?
4. Can I simplify the step?
The eliminated step could be any operation,
transportation, storage, inspection, or delay.
Delays are probably the easiest to eliminate.
2008/6/16 工作研究 5
7. A smoother, shorter product flow
Accomplished in two ways:
1. Change the sequence of operations to agree with the
layout.
2. Change the layout to agree the sequence of operations.
第一個選項的成本最小,但移動機器至相鄰區域更加合
理化。
吾輩可將材料或機具靠近使用點以降低取用與運回等時
間。
減低作業動作複雜度可簡化作業困難度。
可利用方法分析技術(flow diagram, operations chart,
process chart, flow process chart) 以定義所有作業單元
(operation, transportation, storage, inspection, delay)。
2008/6/16 工作研究 7
8. 5.3 流程線圖 - Flow diagram
流程線圖表現一個零件自收料-儲存、製造、
半成品、包裝-庫房之路徑,每一路徑皆可
繪製於工廠佈置圖上。
可使用透明投影片繪製之 。
See figure 5-1. next two slides
2008/6/16 工作研究 8
12. 5.3 流程線圖 - Flow diagram
回溯流程(Backtracking) :工廠內材料回
流現象。
With less travel distance can improve a 33% in productivity.
• By arranging machines or departments, we may be able to
reduce the distance traveled.
2008/6/16 工作研究 12
14. 5.4 繪製流程線圖步驟 (Step-by-step
procedure for developing a flow diagram)
1. The flow diagram starts with an existing or proposed
scaled layout.
2. From the route sheet, each step in the fabrication of
each part is plotted and connected with a line, color
code, or other method of distinguishing between parts.
3. Once all the parts are fabricated, they will meet in a
specific sequence at the assembly line. The position of
the assembly line will be determined by where the
individual parts came from. At the assembly line, all
flow lines join together and travel as one to pack-out,
warehouse, and shipping.
See page 81 for drawing.
2008/6/16 工作研究 14
25. Part no., name, SPEC
Record the limits of the study
•Step-by-step
Description
For using
The process
Chart.
•See page88-91
2008/6/16 工作研究 25
26. 5.11 操作流程程序圖 (flow process chart)
操作流程程序圖結合操作流程圖與流程程序圖。操作流
程圖只使用到符號 – 圓圈(作業符號) ;流程程序圖則使
用其5個符號。
現階段仍無標準格式存在。
操作流程程序圖結合所有生產技術並為最完整的工廠作
業程序圖。
Step-by-step procedure for preparing a flow process
chart.
1. Start with an operations chart.
2. Complete a process chart for each part.
3. Combine the operations chart and the process chart,
working in all the buyouts (example). See next slide.
2008/6/16 工作研究 26