2. What is Pharmacotherapy
It is the use of the prescription medication to treat or help in a health condition.
Disease Management
Early Intervention
3. Diabetes
The most common is type 2
Chronic metabolic
Organs damage to important
organs such as heart blood
vessels eye kidneys and nerves
In the last 3 decades the type 2
diabetes has increased
worldwide regarding the income
of the countries or families
4. DPP-4 inhibitors GLP-1
agonists
an enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds
to an enzyme and blocks its activity
a substance that mimics the actions of a
neurotransmitter or hormone to produce a
response when it binds to a specific
receptor in the brain
5. GLP-1 agonists
pharmacodynamics
1. Insulin Secretion
2. Glucagon Inhibition
3. Gastric Emptying
4. Satiety Induction
pharmacokinetics
1. Route of Administration:
subcutaneous injection.
2. Absorption:
Subcutaneously administered GLP-1 agonists are
absorbed relatively slowly into the bloodstream.
3. Distribution:
They may have a relatively short half-life, requiring
once-daily or once-weekly dosing for sustained
therapeutic effects.
4. Metabolism:
Some newer GLP-1 agonists are designed to
resist degradation by DPP-4, leading to a longer
duration of action.
5. Elimination:
renal and/or hepatic clearance.The elimination
half-life varies among different GLP-1 agonists,
ranging from a few hours to several days.
7. increase the concentration of GLP-1 and GIP
by inhibiting DPP-4 enzyme activity that in
turn increase the insulin secretion from β-cells
and reduce blood glucose
Approximately 79% of sitagliptin is excreted
unchanged in the urine & metabolism is a
minor pathway for elimination. moderate renal
impairment (eGFR 30-45 ml/min) has been
observed to increase plasma levels of
sitagliptin 2-fold, and severe renal impairment
can increase plasma levels 4-fold
9. Which on is better ?
GLP-1 receptor agonists are preferred over DPP-4
inhibitors because of the greater reductions in blood glucose
and A1C and the weight loss observed in most patients
treated with a GLP-1 receptor agonist.
