2. What is Pharmacotherapy
It is the use of the prescription medication to treat or help in a health condition.
Disease Management
Early Intervention
3. Diabetes
The most common is type 2
Chronic metabolic
damage to important organs
such as heart blood vessels eye
kidneys and nerves
In the last 3 decades the type 2
diabetes , increased worldwide
regarding the income of the
countries or families
4. DPP-4 inhibitors GLP-1
agonists
an enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds
to an enzyme and blocks its activity
a substance that mimics the actions of a
neurotransmitter or hormone to produce a
response when it binds to a specific
receptor in the brain
5. GLP-1 agonists
pharmacodynamics
1. Insulin Secretion
2. Glucagon Inhibition
3. Gastric Emptying
4. Satiety Induction
pharmacokinetics
1. Route of Administration:
subcutaneous injection.
2. Absorption:
absorbed relatively slowly into the bloodstream.
3. Distribution:
have a short half-life, once-daily or once-weekly
dosing
4. Metabolism:
Some GLP-1 agonists resist degradation by DPP-
4, causing to a longer duration of action.
5. Elimination:
renal and/or hepatic clearance The elimination
half-life different among different GLP-1 agonists
(a few hours to several days)
7. DPP-4 Inhibitors
increase the concentration of GLP-1 by
inhibiting DPP-4 enzyme activity which will
increase the insulin secretion then will lead to
reduce blood glucose
Route of Administration:
orally, once daily, before or after meals
Absorption:
mainly in the small intestine, from 1 to 3 hours
Distribution:
its an integral membrane protein which has widespread
distribution, come across different tissues.
Metabolism:
degrades incretin peptides which known for its regulatory
effect in glucose metabolism.
Elimination:
primarily via the kidney
9. Which on is better ?
GLP-1 agonists are preferred over DPP-4 inhibitors
greater reductions in blood glucose
the weight loss observed in most patients treated with a GLP-
1 agonist.
10. Reference
Brunton, S. (2014) GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. DPP-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes: Is one approach more successful or preferable
than the other?, International journal of clinical practice. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4238422/
(Accessed: 04 December 2023).
Razavi, M. et al. (2022) DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1RAs: Cardiovascular Safety and benefits - military medical research, BioMed
Central. Available at: https://mmrjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40779-022-00410-2 (Accessed: 04 December 2023).
Brunton, S. (2014) GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. DPP-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes: Is one approach more successful or preferable
than the other?, International journal of clinical practice. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4238422/
(Accessed: 04 December 2023).
S;, B. (no date) GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. DPP-4 inhibitors for type 2 diabetes: Is one approach more successful or preferable
than the other?, International journal of clinical practice. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24499291/ (Accessed: 04
December 2023).
