6. Loss or gain of an electron makes a difference. Left has Copper(II) chloride (aqua-blue color), right has Copper(I) chloride (green solid).
7. Vanadium was named for the beauty of the colors in V’s several oxidation states. Chromium is named for the bright colors of its compounds (Greek chroma = color)
8. Colors of manganese compounds MnO (black, left), Mn 3 O 4 (gray, top), Mn 2 O 3 (green, bottom), MnO 2 (red-brown)
34. A reaction like that of B&W film photography: Silver chloride white powder with a paper clip on top is exposed to a bright light, which darkens the AgCl as free Ag is formed
37. Three invisible gases are involved in a fire: oxygen in, carbon dioxide out, and water vapor out. Plants are rich in potassium, and so are the ashes (potash is the source & etymology for potassium).
49. Apollo 1 accident while training on launching pad 100% oxygen was used within the capsule. A fire started with seat materials that would not burn in 20% oxygen. Astronauts White, Grissom, and Chaffee died.
56. Spontaneous combustion was starting in this stack of fiber boards. When smoke was detected, the stack was cut open to show the burned area. The stack insulates, holding in any heat generated by oxidation or pyrolysis. Rags used in linseed oil frequently combust spontaneously (i.e., without ignition).
57. Spontaneous Human Combustion cannot occur. Charles Dickens’ Bleak House (1853) describes a spontaneous human combustion, which Dickens believed could occur.
69. Thermite reaction Incendiary materials: Mg, thermite, white P in incendiary bombs of WWII Dresden, Hamburg, etc.
Editor's Notes
p.145 top
p.145 middle, 6 th Ed.
Add a slide of chromium’s colors.
p.145 bottom left
p.145 bottom right
p.149, 6 th Ed.
page 146 top
p.148 bottom
Nitrogenase catalyzes the reaction N2 + 3H2 --> 2 NH3, Thus forming ammonia and organic amines from unreactive dinitrogen from the air. See page 146 bottom (#3), 6 th Ed.,
As you heat the nitrogen and oxygen mixture to higher temperatures, the percent of ammonia product decreases. So, it is essential to find a catalyst that will allow the reaction to occur rapidly at a lower temperature. Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch found such a catalyst in iron metal.
p.147 top, 6 th Ed.
Page 146 bottom right Lab Manual 6th Ed.
Page 147 (#6) Lab Manual 6th Ed.
p.148 top left
p.150 top right and page 56 Lab Manual 5th Ed.
Page 148 top left of Lab Manual 6th Ed.
Page 148 (#11) Lab Manual 6th Ed.
Page 147 (#7) Lab Manual 6th Ed
Page 147 (#8) Lab Manual 6th Ed.
Pictures from conceptual Chemistry by John Suchocki
Divide into two or three slides.
The big explosion was when the solid rocket booster ignited the hydrogen fuel with the liquid oxygen.
Water burns with a flame in fluorine gas!
The author spent his life testing rocket fuels and had blown up several lab buildings!
