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Gabba Marco – 750228

Programmazione Lineare - Confronti tra metodi
esistenti e un metodo innovativo


Relatore: Prof. Guido Buzzi Ferraris
Correlatore: Ing. Flavio Manenti
2
 Introduzione – il problema della dieta


Alimento (x)   Costo unitario      Quantità massima     Calorie   Proteine   Calcio
 Pane (x1)           2                    4              110         4           2
 Latte (x2)          3                    8              160         8           285
 Uova (x3)           4                    3              180        13           54
Carne (x4)          19                    2              260        14           80
 Dolce (x5)         20                    2              420         4           22



                   Nutrimento                         Requisito
                   Calorie [cal]                        200
                   Proteine [g]                          50
                  Calcio [700 g]                        700


                         Gabba Marco
3
Introduzione – il problema della dieta

           minimizzare       2 x1  3x2  4 x3  19 x4  20 x5
           soggetta a:       x1  4; x2  8; x3  3; x4  2; x5  2;
                         110 x1  160 x2  180 x3  260 x4  420 x5  200;
                           4 x1    8 x2  13x3  14 x4          4 x5  50;
                            2 x1  285 x2  54 x3  80 x4  22 x5  700;



   Costo         38.222                                   Costo        40
   Alimento      Quantità                                 Alimento     Quantità
   Pane          4                                        Pane         4
                                      MILP
   Latte         8                                        Latte        8
   Uova          1.5556                                   Uova         2
   Carne         0                                        Carne        0
   Dolce         0                                        Dolce        0

                          Gabba Marco
4
Scopo del lavoro



  Confrontare le prestazioni del metodo dell’Attico con
      quelle dei risolutori commerciali disponibili



                            al fine di



     verificare l’efficienza del metodo ed affinare le
   prestazioni, per valutare la possibilità di una futura
              applicazione ai problemi MILP


                   Gabba Marco
Caso Studio                        5
Ottimizzazione di una raffineria




                 Gabba Marco
Caso Studio                                             6
  Ottimizzazione di una raffineria

                     Modello matematico

                      Tipologie di variabili (61)
• Quantità di materiale “straight-run” e di riciclo alimentato ai
forni.
• Componenti dei vari prodotti di miscelazione.
• Variabili di bilancio

                     Tipologie di vincoli (26)
• Disponibilità e utilizzo di materie prime, prodotti “straight-
run” e prodotti di cracking.
• Limitazioni di capacità delle apparecchiature
• Specifiche richieste sui prodotti di miscelazione

                    Gabba Marco
Simplesso                                                             7



minimizzare  2 x1  x2                      minimizzare  2 x1  x2
                   8                                            8
soggetta a     x1  x2  4                   soggetta a     x1  x2  x3            4
                   3                                            3
               x1  x2  2                                  x1  x2       x4       2
              2 x1        3                               2 x1                 +x 5  3
                x0                                          x0




                               Gabba Marco
Interior Point                                                                      8



                              Klee - Minty
                                n
          massimizzare         10
                               j 1
                                       n j
                                              xj

                                i 1
          soggetta a:         210i  j x j  xi  100i  j i  1,..., n
                                j 1

                                                   xj  0       j  1,..., n



                            Barrier Method
                                                                               n
                                                   minimizzare c x-μ  logx j
               T                                                       T
minimizzare c x
             Ax  b
                                                                               j=1
soggetta a
                                                   soggetta a        Ax  b
              x0
                                                                      x0
                        Gabba Marco
Attico                                                              9



 ATTIC
 METHOD
                            x2
               BAttic

                                            BAttic

 Di solito si incontra un
     punto non vertice,                                     DEGENERACY
prevenendo problemi di
         degenerazione
                                 CSimplex
           SIMPLEX
           METHOD                  BSimplex

                                        A            dmax
    CSimplex
         BSimplex                                              x1
                 A




                            Gabba Marco
Attico                                        10
Basi matematiche


         Condizioni di Karush, Kuhn, Tucker

                   J T λ  s
                   Jx  b
                   i  0  i  1,..., nQ 


                   Vincoli artificiali

              Fattorizzazione avanzata

                   Vertici dell’Attico


               Gabba Marco
Caso Studio                                   11
Linguaggi e solvers utilizzati

                                AMPL




                                        SIMPO
                                        CPLEX
                                       MINOS 5.5

                  Gabba Marco
Caso Studio                           12
Linguaggi e solvers utilizzati

                           MATLAB




                          Simplesso
                             IP
                  Gabba Marco
Caso Studio                           13
Linguaggi e solvers utilizzati

                                C++




                          Simplesso
                            Attico
                  Gabba Marco
Caso Studio                        14
Ottimizzazione di una raffineria




                 Gabba Marco
Ulteriore confronto                                             15
FIT1D

 Test della libreria Netlib/LP

 Dimensioni: 1026 variabili, 24 vincoli

                                  Confronto prestazioni
                   1200
                           1069

                   1000



                   800
   N° iterazioni




                                                           SIMPO
                   600                                     CPLEX
                                                           Attico
                   400



                   200
                                          87
                                                      53

                      0



                          Gabba Marco
16
Conclusioni


 Spostamenti all’interno dell’area accettabile con
tecniche lineari: valutazione di meno vertici.
 Non richiesta forma standard: matrici più piccole
 Fattorizzazione stabile grazie ai vincoli artificiali

                             TO DO

Test sui tempi di calcolo (parametro industriale)
 Sviluppo algoritmo (pre-processore)
 Convalida su problema di supply chain management,
430’000 variabili circa (prof. Bandoni, Plapiqui, UNS)


                   Gabba Marco
17




GRAZIE PER L’ATTENZIONE!




      Gabba Marco
Applicazioni Pratiche                      18
    MILP

minimizzare      2 x1  3 y1  2 y2  3 y3
soggetta a       x1  y1  y2  y3  2
              10 x1  5 y1  3 y2  4 y3  0
                 x1  0
                 y1 , y2 , y3  0,1




                              Gabba Marco

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Gabba 2011

  • 1. Gabba Marco – 750228 Programmazione Lineare - Confronti tra metodi esistenti e un metodo innovativo Relatore: Prof. Guido Buzzi Ferraris Correlatore: Ing. Flavio Manenti
  • 2. 2 Introduzione – il problema della dieta Alimento (x) Costo unitario Quantità massima Calorie Proteine Calcio Pane (x1) 2 4 110 4 2 Latte (x2) 3 8 160 8 285 Uova (x3) 4 3 180 13 54 Carne (x4) 19 2 260 14 80 Dolce (x5) 20 2 420 4 22 Nutrimento Requisito Calorie [cal] 200 Proteine [g] 50 Calcio [700 g] 700 Gabba Marco
  • 3. 3 Introduzione – il problema della dieta minimizzare 2 x1  3x2  4 x3  19 x4  20 x5 soggetta a: x1  4; x2  8; x3  3; x4  2; x5  2; 110 x1  160 x2  180 x3  260 x4  420 x5  200; 4 x1  8 x2  13x3  14 x4  4 x5  50; 2 x1  285 x2  54 x3  80 x4  22 x5  700; Costo 38.222 Costo 40 Alimento Quantità Alimento Quantità Pane 4 Pane 4 MILP Latte 8 Latte 8 Uova 1.5556 Uova 2 Carne 0 Carne 0 Dolce 0 Dolce 0 Gabba Marco
  • 4. 4 Scopo del lavoro Confrontare le prestazioni del metodo dell’Attico con quelle dei risolutori commerciali disponibili al fine di verificare l’efficienza del metodo ed affinare le prestazioni, per valutare la possibilità di una futura applicazione ai problemi MILP Gabba Marco
  • 5. Caso Studio 5 Ottimizzazione di una raffineria Gabba Marco
  • 6. Caso Studio 6 Ottimizzazione di una raffineria Modello matematico Tipologie di variabili (61) • Quantità di materiale “straight-run” e di riciclo alimentato ai forni. • Componenti dei vari prodotti di miscelazione. • Variabili di bilancio Tipologie di vincoli (26) • Disponibilità e utilizzo di materie prime, prodotti “straight- run” e prodotti di cracking. • Limitazioni di capacità delle apparecchiature • Specifiche richieste sui prodotti di miscelazione Gabba Marco
  • 7. Simplesso 7 minimizzare  2 x1  x2 minimizzare  2 x1  x2 8 8 soggetta a x1  x2  4 soggetta a x1  x2  x3 4 3 3 x1  x2  2 x1  x2  x4 2 2 x1 3 2 x1 +x 5  3 x0 x0 Gabba Marco
  • 8. Interior Point 8 Klee - Minty n massimizzare 10 j 1 n j xj i 1 soggetta a: 210i  j x j  xi  100i  j i  1,..., n j 1 xj  0 j  1,..., n Barrier Method n minimizzare c x-μ  logx j T T minimizzare c x Ax  b j=1 soggetta a soggetta a Ax  b x0 x0 Gabba Marco
  • 9. Attico 9 ATTIC METHOD x2 BAttic BAttic Di solito si incontra un punto non vertice, DEGENERACY prevenendo problemi di degenerazione CSimplex SIMPLEX METHOD BSimplex A dmax CSimplex BSimplex x1 A Gabba Marco
  • 10. Attico 10 Basi matematiche Condizioni di Karush, Kuhn, Tucker J T λ  s Jx  b i  0  i  1,..., nQ  Vincoli artificiali Fattorizzazione avanzata Vertici dell’Attico Gabba Marco
  • 11. Caso Studio 11 Linguaggi e solvers utilizzati AMPL SIMPO CPLEX MINOS 5.5 Gabba Marco
  • 12. Caso Studio 12 Linguaggi e solvers utilizzati MATLAB Simplesso IP Gabba Marco
  • 13. Caso Studio 13 Linguaggi e solvers utilizzati C++ Simplesso Attico Gabba Marco
  • 14. Caso Studio 14 Ottimizzazione di una raffineria Gabba Marco
  • 15. Ulteriore confronto 15 FIT1D Test della libreria Netlib/LP Dimensioni: 1026 variabili, 24 vincoli Confronto prestazioni 1200 1069 1000 800 N° iterazioni SIMPO 600 CPLEX Attico 400 200 87 53 0 Gabba Marco
  • 16. 16 Conclusioni  Spostamenti all’interno dell’area accettabile con tecniche lineari: valutazione di meno vertici.  Non richiesta forma standard: matrici più piccole  Fattorizzazione stabile grazie ai vincoli artificiali TO DO Test sui tempi di calcolo (parametro industriale)  Sviluppo algoritmo (pre-processore)  Convalida su problema di supply chain management, 430’000 variabili circa (prof. Bandoni, Plapiqui, UNS) Gabba Marco
  • 18. Applicazioni Pratiche 18 MILP minimizzare 2 x1  3 y1  2 y2  3 y3 soggetta a x1  y1  y2  y3  2 10 x1  5 y1  3 y2  4 y3  0 x1  0 y1 , y2 , y3  0,1 Gabba Marco