SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 25
Using web analytics and goal
conversions to show your
contribution to the bottom line
Greg Jarboe
President and co-founder of SEO-PR
Measurement Base Camp Spring 2022
April 12, 2022
To get a seat at the big table, you need to learn
how to show your contribution to the bottom line
How can I show that a press release contributed
$4,000 in value to this university’s bottom line?
Source: Google Campaign URL Builder, https://ga-dev-tools.web.app/campaign-url-builder/
How do I know the value was $4,000 when the cost
of this one-week Mini-MBA program was $4,995?
• Next to the link in the press release
that asks prospective participants to
“apply today,” the university informs
them that the cost is $4,995.
• This ensures that we don’t lose prospects
when they finally “discover” that the cost
of taking this Mini-MBA: Data Driven
Management course is $4,995.
• Nevertheless, about 80% who apply
for the program end up taking it.
• So, for reporting purposes, we calculate
the value of an application is $4,000
(which is about 80% of $4,995).
Google Analytics provides many metrics right out of
the box that communications professionals can use
ACQUISITION
• Users: The number of unique visitors
to your website.
• New users: The number of first-time
users to your website, according to
Google’s tracking snippet.
• Sessions: The number of individual
visits initiated by all the users of your
website.
BEHAVIOR
• Bounce rate: The number of single-
page sessions divided by all sessions,
or the percentage of all sessions on
your site in which users viewed only a
single page.
• Pages/session: The average number
of pages viewed per session.
• Avg. session duration: The total
duration of all sessions (in seconds) /
number of sessions.
5
Source: Google Analytics Help, Glossary
But, you must define your goals and estimate their
goal value before Google Analytics can report them
• Goal conversion rate: The number of
goal conversions divided by the
number of sessions, times 100.
• Goal completions: The number of
completed activities that contribute to
the success of your business.
• Goal $ value: When you set up a goal,
you have the option of assigning a
monetary amount to the conversion.
• Each time a goal is completed by a user,
this amount is recorded and then added
together in your reports as Goal Value.
6
Sources: Google Analytics channel, “How to set up Goals in Analytics (7:32),” June 9, 2017
Google Analytics has a template for standard goals:
Revenue, Acquisition, Inquiry, and Engagement
• Google Analytics has Goal templates
to help you set actionable goals for
standard organizational objectives.
• You can edit any template field.
• The 4 goal categories are: Revenue,
Acquisition, Inquiry and Engagement.
• Use them as an organization tool to think
about the purpose of your goals.
• Create at least one goal for each
category to understand of how users
interact with your content.
• These categories don’t affect any data.
Source: Google Analytics Help, Create, edit, and share goals 7
If you get Edit permission in Google Analytics,
let me show you how easy it is to create Goals
8
You can also track and measure ‘events’ like form
submissions, downloads, link clicks, and video plays
• Events are user interactions with
content that can be measured
independently from a web-page or
screen load.
• Form submissions, downloads, link
clicks, and video plays are all examples
of actions you might want to analyze
as Events.
• You need to add code to your site or
app in order to see data in your Events
reports.
• Setup tags with Google Tag Manager.
9
Source: Google Analytics Help, About Events
A micro conversion, like signing-up for your email
newsletter, can be translated into a dollar amount
• One way to help determine what a
goal value should be is to evaluate
how often the users who complete
the goal become customers.
• For example, if your sales team can close
10% of the people who sign up for a
newsletter, and your average transaction
is $500, then you might assign $50 (i.e.
10% of $500) as your newsletter sign-up
Goal Value when users complete the final
newsletter sign-up page.
• In contrast, if only 1% of signups result in
a sale, then you might only assign $5 to
your newsletter sign-up Goal Value.
Sources: Google Analytics channel, “Goals,” April 11, 2013 10
Some may want you to focus on revenue as your
only KPI, but you should measure economic value
• Lead generation and ecommerce
websites focus obsessively on
“revenue” as their only KPI.
• Their “buy now” buttons make that
clear.
• So, if 90% of visitors don’t convert in
their first session, then their visits are
marked as failures!
• A better KPI is “economic value.”
• Economic value is the sum of revenue
plus the value created by all of the
micro-conversions on your website.
• So, when someone visits your site
and signs up to receive your email
newsletter, that is not a failure.
11
If you don’t change multi-channel funnel report,
then it attributes all conversions to the last click
• Avinash Kaushik, Google’s Digital
Marketing Evangelist, says:
• The last interaction model is weak.
• The last non-direct click is weak.
• The last Google Ads click model will get
you fired.
• The first interaction model is weak.
• The linear model is “less wrong.”
• The time decay model is “much better.”
• The position based model “is not great,
but won't completely kill you.”
• A free model comparison tool in
Google Analytics lets you see the
impact of 3 models at one time.
12
Measure assisted conversions to ensure that the
content you create gets the credit that it deserves
• The Assisted Conversions report
shows the performance of marketing
channels in both delivering last-click
conversions and assisted conversions.
• Think of it this way, the report now
illustrates credit being given to your
PR and content marketing efforts
(referrals, social networks, email, and
press releases) for introducing new
people to your business and working
hard in the early part of the
conversion journey, as well as credit if
they also drive the last visit that
resulted in a conversion.
13
I helped to launch the Rutgers Online Professional
Master’s in Human Resource Management in 2019
• In 2019, SEO-PR helped Rutgers
University launch an Online
Professional Master’s in Human
Resource Management program.
• Our objective was to generate 30
applications by August 1, 2019.
• Students can complete the 12-course
Master’s program in as few as 18 months
and as long as 5 years.
• Tuition is $3,174 per 3-credit course, or
$38,016 for 12 courses.
• So, 30 applications represented up to
$1,140,480 in tuition for Rutgers.
Source: Greg Jarboe, The Measurement Advisor, “Rutgers Master’s Launch Optimized by SEO-PR Boosts Enrollment by $380K,” Sept. 30, 2019
We used keyword research to learn what people
were searching for, but Google Surveys told us why
• Survey found target audiences
included personnel, staffing &
recruiting, and talent acquisition as
well as human resources.
• Respondents with 4 or more years of
HR experience said the follow factors
were important when selecting a
university:
• “Fully online graduate program.”
• “Flexible schedule/completion time.”
• “No GRE/GMAT required.”
• “Top-ranked university.”
Source: Greg Jarboe, The Measurement Advisor, “Rutgers Master’s Launch Optimized by SEO-PR Boosts Enrollment by $380K,” Sept. 30, 2019
We emphasized three of these important factors in
the subhead of our optimized multimedia release
Source: Business Wire, “Rutgers Launches Online Master’s in Human Resource Management Program,” Jan. 17, 2019
We used the Google Campaign URL Builder tool to
add campaign parameters to URLs in the release
• We used Google’s free Campaign URL
Builder tool to add campaign
parameters to URLs in the release to
track our Custom Campaign in Google
Analytics.
• This enabled us to track the number
of users, new users, sessions, bounce
rate, pages/session, average session
duration, conversion rate,
conversions, and goal value generated
by our optimized multimedia release
on a daily basis.
Source: https://ga-dev-tools.appspot.com/campaign-url-builder/
Our marketing campaign increased ‘familiarity with’
and ‘likelihood to recommend’ Rutgers University
• In late June, we used Google Surveys a
second time to measure the impact of
the integrated marketing campaign.
• The percentage of respondents who said
they were “familiar with” Rutgers
University had increased from 13.8% pre-
launch to 18.5% post-launch.
• The percentage of respondents who said
they were “very likely” to recommend
Rutgers to a friend or colleague had
increased from 16.7% pre-launch to
19.0% post-launch.
• So, you can measure brand lift instead of
using advertising value equivalent (AVE).
Source: Greg Jarboe, The Measurement Advisor, “Rutgers Master’s Launch Optimized by SEO-PR Boosts Enrollment by $380K,” Sept. 30, 2019
Overall campaign generated 8,337 new users, 85
leads, and 38 applications worth up to $1.4 million
• Our integrated marketing campaign drove 8,337 new users to the Rutgers Online
Professional Master’s in Human Resource Management landing page.
• Our optimized landing page generated 85 leads (clicked on the Apply tab in
navigation).
• We also evaluated the source/medium of the new users and leads in Google
Analytics:
• LinkedIn ads generated 81% of the new users, but 66% of the leads.
• Google Ads generated 11% of the new users, but 8% of the leads.
• Google organic search generated 3% of the new users, but 7% of the leads.
• Optimized multimedia release generated 1% of the new users, but 13% of the leads.
• More importantly, the campaign generated 38 completed applications, worth up
to $1,444,608 in tuition over the next 18 months to 5 years.
Source: Greg Jarboe, The Measurement Advisor, “Rutgers Master’s Launch Optimized by SEO-PR Boosts Enrollment by $380K,” Sept. 30, 2019
Our optimized press release generated 90 out of
8,337 new users (1%), but 8 out of 86 leads (9%)
20
Source: Google Analytics, Behavior, Site Content, Landing Pages, Jan. 1 through Aug. 1, 2019
Release in news section of site generated 239 out
of 8,337 new users (3%), but 6 out of 86 leads (7%)
In 2019, our Rutgers case study was shortlisted in
two different categories for the US Search Awards
• We were a finalist in the Best
Integrated Campaign category for
demonstrating that PR, SEO, display
advertising, and PPC advertising can
increase brand awareness and
generate leads at the same time.
• And we won in the Best Use of PR in a
Search Campaign category for
demonstrating that an optimized
press release and duplicate content in
the news section of SMLR’s website
generated 4% of the traffic, but 16%
of the leads.
Source: Greg Jarboe, The Measurement Advisor, “Rutgers Master’s Launch Optimized by SEO-PR Boosts Enrollment by $380K,” Sept. 30, 2019
To show your contribution to the bottom line next
year, you will need to use Google Analytics 4 (GA4)
Source: https://youtu.be/S708NFbvTXI
• Google will be “sunsetting” Universal
Analytics on July 1, 2023.
• Launched in October 2012, Universal
Analytics was built for a generation of
online measurement anchored in the
desktop web, independent sessions, and
easily observable data from cookies.
• This measurement methodology is
quickly becoming obsolete.
• GA4 operates across platforms, uses
an event-based data model to deliver
user-centric measurement, and does
not rely exclusively on cookies.
Moving to GA4 represents a strategic opportunity
to show your contribution to the bottom line
• Understand your customers across touchpoints.
• Get a complete view of the customer lifecycle with an event-based measurement model that
isn’t fragmented by platform or organized into independent sessions.
• Improve ROI with data-driven attribution.
• It assigns attribution credit to more than just the last click using your Analytics data, and
helps you understand how your marketing activities collectively influence your conversions.
• Measure conversions with business and compliance needs in mind.
• With new country-level privacy controls, you can minimize the collection of user-level data
— like cookies and metadata — while preserving key measurement functionality.
• Get greater value from your data
• Machine learning generates predictive insights about user behavior, creates new audiences
of users likely to purchase or churn, and surfaces critical insights to improve your marketing.
To learn more, watch the 21 videos in the ‘Getting
Started with Google Analytics 4 properties’ playlist
• Then, watch the 6 videos in the
“Familiar Use Cases in Google
Analytics 4 properties” playlist.
• If you or your staff need to learn how
to run your own best-in-class
measurement programs (or to update
existing ones,) Paine Publishing offers
custom training, as well as tailored
measurement materials.
• But, if you don’t use GA4 to show your
contribution to the bottom line, then
you’re bringing a knife to a gunfight.
Source: https://youtu.be/S708NFbvTXI

More Related Content

Similar to Using Web Analytics and Goal Conversions to show your contribution to the bottom line April 12 2022.pptx

Measuring Lead Generation with Google Analytics
Measuring Lead Generation with Google AnalyticsMeasuring Lead Generation with Google Analytics
Measuring Lead Generation with Google AnalyticsNuSpark Marketing
 
Google Analytics : Overview & Customization
Google Analytics : Overview & CustomizationGoogle Analytics : Overview & Customization
Google Analytics : Overview & CustomizationOur Kids Media
 
What is Google Grants?
What is Google Grants?What is Google Grants?
What is Google Grants?Bruno Rabelo
 
B2B Inbound Marketing Metric Essentials
B2B Inbound Marketing Metric EssentialsB2B Inbound Marketing Metric Essentials
B2B Inbound Marketing Metric EssentialsJoe Granda
 
The Beginner’s Guide to Growth Hacking
The Beginner’s Guide to Growth HackingThe Beginner’s Guide to Growth Hacking
The Beginner’s Guide to Growth HackingFrederik Hermann
 
How To Predict Your SEO Success: A 5-Step Formula To Help You Win
How To Predict Your SEO Success: A 5-Step Formula To Help You WinHow To Predict Your SEO Success: A 5-Step Formula To Help You Win
How To Predict Your SEO Success: A 5-Step Formula To Help You WinSearch Engine Journal
 
Google Grants for Nonprofits
Google Grants for NonprofitsGoogle Grants for Nonprofits
Google Grants for NonprofitsCarl Larson
 
Measurement for Impact: Google Analytics
Measurement for Impact: Google AnalyticsMeasurement for Impact: Google Analytics
Measurement for Impact: Google Analytics501 Commons
 
Michigan.com Capabilities
Michigan.com CapabilitiesMichigan.com Capabilities
Michigan.com CapabilitiesNick Oliver
 
Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1
Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1
Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1Ralph Paglia
 
Attribution Modeling - Case Study
Attribution Modeling - Case StudyAttribution Modeling - Case Study
Attribution Modeling - Case StudyConcur
 
How Start-up’s Can Grow Online
How Start-up’s Can Grow OnlineHow Start-up’s Can Grow Online
How Start-up’s Can Grow OnlineDushyant Verma
 
Data analytics-training - Jess Le Merle
Data analytics-training - Jess Le MerleData analytics-training - Jess Le Merle
Data analytics-training - Jess Le MerleHayden Armour
 
Google Analytics : Overview & Basic Customization for Retirement Communities
Google Analytics : Overview & Basic Customization for Retirement CommunitiesGoogle Analytics : Overview & Basic Customization for Retirement Communities
Google Analytics : Overview & Basic Customization for Retirement CommunitiesOur Kids Media
 
Lead generation presentation by Greg Jarboe
Lead generation presentation by Greg JarboeLead generation presentation by Greg Jarboe
Lead generation presentation by Greg JarboeGreg Jarboe
 
The Basics of Digital Marketing - Learn online marketing today!
The Basics of Digital Marketing - Learn online marketing today!The Basics of Digital Marketing - Learn online marketing today!
The Basics of Digital Marketing - Learn online marketing today!Aarti Mohan
 
Benchmark Performance
Benchmark PerformanceBenchmark Performance
Benchmark PerformanceDaniel McKean
 

Similar to Using Web Analytics and Goal Conversions to show your contribution to the bottom line April 12 2022.pptx (20)

Beginners guide to_growth_hacking
Beginners guide to_growth_hackingBeginners guide to_growth_hacking
Beginners guide to_growth_hacking
 
Measuring Lead Generation with Google Analytics
Measuring Lead Generation with Google AnalyticsMeasuring Lead Generation with Google Analytics
Measuring Lead Generation with Google Analytics
 
Google Analytics : Overview & Customization
Google Analytics : Overview & CustomizationGoogle Analytics : Overview & Customization
Google Analytics : Overview & Customization
 
What is Google Grants?
What is Google Grants?What is Google Grants?
What is Google Grants?
 
B2B Inbound Marketing Metric Essentials
B2B Inbound Marketing Metric EssentialsB2B Inbound Marketing Metric Essentials
B2B Inbound Marketing Metric Essentials
 
The Beginner’s Guide to Growth Hacking
The Beginner’s Guide to Growth HackingThe Beginner’s Guide to Growth Hacking
The Beginner’s Guide to Growth Hacking
 
How To Predict Your SEO Success: A 5-Step Formula To Help You Win
How To Predict Your SEO Success: A 5-Step Formula To Help You WinHow To Predict Your SEO Success: A 5-Step Formula To Help You Win
How To Predict Your SEO Success: A 5-Step Formula To Help You Win
 
Google Grants for Nonprofits
Google Grants for NonprofitsGoogle Grants for Nonprofits
Google Grants for Nonprofits
 
Measurement for Impact: Google Analytics
Measurement for Impact: Google AnalyticsMeasurement for Impact: Google Analytics
Measurement for Impact: Google Analytics
 
Michigan.com Capabilities
Michigan.com CapabilitiesMichigan.com Capabilities
Michigan.com Capabilities
 
Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1
Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1
Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1
 
Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1
Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1
Digital dealer9 socialmediaroi-v1
 
Attribution Modeling - Case Study
Attribution Modeling - Case StudyAttribution Modeling - Case Study
Attribution Modeling - Case Study
 
How Start-up’s Can Grow Online
How Start-up’s Can Grow OnlineHow Start-up’s Can Grow Online
How Start-up’s Can Grow Online
 
Data analytics-training - Jess Le Merle
Data analytics-training - Jess Le MerleData analytics-training - Jess Le Merle
Data analytics-training - Jess Le Merle
 
Google Analytics : Overview & Basic Customization for Retirement Communities
Google Analytics : Overview & Basic Customization for Retirement CommunitiesGoogle Analytics : Overview & Basic Customization for Retirement Communities
Google Analytics : Overview & Basic Customization for Retirement Communities
 
Lead generation presentation by Greg Jarboe
Lead generation presentation by Greg JarboeLead generation presentation by Greg Jarboe
Lead generation presentation by Greg Jarboe
 
The Basics of Digital Marketing - Learn online marketing today!
The Basics of Digital Marketing - Learn online marketing today!The Basics of Digital Marketing - Learn online marketing today!
The Basics of Digital Marketing - Learn online marketing today!
 
RCI
RCI RCI
RCI
 
Benchmark Performance
Benchmark PerformanceBenchmark Performance
Benchmark Performance
 

More from Greg Jarboe

Using GA 4 to show your contrabution to the bottom line - Measurement Base Ca...
Using GA 4 to show your contrabution to the bottom line - Measurement Base Ca...Using GA 4 to show your contrabution to the bottom line - Measurement Base Ca...
Using GA 4 to show your contrabution to the bottom line - Measurement Base Ca...Greg Jarboe
 
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - May 9, 2023....
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - May 9, 2023....Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - May 9, 2023....
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - May 9, 2023....Greg Jarboe
 
SES London 2009 Beyond Linkbait Greg Jarboe.ppt
SES London 2009 Beyond Linkbait Greg Jarboe.pptSES London 2009 Beyond Linkbait Greg Jarboe.ppt
SES London 2009 Beyond Linkbait Greg Jarboe.pptGreg Jarboe
 
Using GA 4 to show attribution and value - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarbo...
Using GA 4 to show attribution and value - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarbo...Using GA 4 to show attribution and value - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarbo...
Using GA 4 to show attribution and value - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarbo...Greg Jarboe
 
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - Feb 7 2023.pptx
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - Feb 7 2023.pptxUsing SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - Feb 7 2023.pptx
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - Feb 7 2023.pptxGreg Jarboe
 
Video SEO: 10 Steps to Optimizing YouTube Videos for Search and Discoveryv2.pptx
Video SEO: 10 Steps to Optimizing YouTube Videos for Search and Discoveryv2.pptxVideo SEO: 10 Steps to Optimizing YouTube Videos for Search and Discoveryv2.pptx
Video SEO: 10 Steps to Optimizing YouTube Videos for Search and Discoveryv2.pptxGreg Jarboe
 
Using SEO as a PR metric - May 3 2022.pptx
Using SEO as a PR metric - May 3 2022.pptxUsing SEO as a PR metric - May 3 2022.pptx
Using SEO as a PR metric - May 3 2022.pptxGreg Jarboe
 
How to become a you tube expert in less than 15 years
How to become a you tube expert in less than 15 yearsHow to become a you tube expert in less than 15 years
How to become a you tube expert in less than 15 yearsGreg Jarboe
 
Using SEO as a PR metric by Greg Jarboe
Using SEO as a PR metric by Greg JarboeUsing SEO as a PR metric by Greg Jarboe
Using SEO as a PR metric by Greg JarboeGreg Jarboe
 
The future of seo in the uae
The future of seo in the uaeThe future of seo in the uae
The future of seo in the uaeGreg Jarboe
 
Digital pr what every pr pro needs to know about seo
Digital pr   what every pr pro needs to know about seoDigital pr   what every pr pro needs to know about seo
Digital pr what every pr pro needs to know about seoGreg Jarboe
 
Data driven influencer marketing parents magazine case study
Data driven influencer marketing parents magazine case studyData driven influencer marketing parents magazine case study
Data driven influencer marketing parents magazine case studyGreg Jarboe
 
SEO for marketers
SEO for marketersSEO for marketers
SEO for marketersGreg Jarboe
 
Using SEO as a PR Metric
Using SEO as a PR MetricUsing SEO as a PR Metric
Using SEO as a PR MetricGreg Jarboe
 
Hashtag Marketing
Hashtag MarketingHashtag Marketing
Hashtag MarketingGreg Jarboe
 
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 3
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 3Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 3
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 3Greg Jarboe
 
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 2
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 2Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 2
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 2Greg Jarboe
 
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 1
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 1Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 1
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 1Greg Jarboe
 
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 3
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 3Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 3
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 3Greg Jarboe
 
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 2
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 2Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 2
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 2Greg Jarboe
 

More from Greg Jarboe (20)

Using GA 4 to show your contrabution to the bottom line - Measurement Base Ca...
Using GA 4 to show your contrabution to the bottom line - Measurement Base Ca...Using GA 4 to show your contrabution to the bottom line - Measurement Base Ca...
Using GA 4 to show your contrabution to the bottom line - Measurement Base Ca...
 
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - May 9, 2023....
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - May 9, 2023....Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - May 9, 2023....
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - May 9, 2023....
 
SES London 2009 Beyond Linkbait Greg Jarboe.ppt
SES London 2009 Beyond Linkbait Greg Jarboe.pptSES London 2009 Beyond Linkbait Greg Jarboe.ppt
SES London 2009 Beyond Linkbait Greg Jarboe.ppt
 
Using GA 4 to show attribution and value - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarbo...
Using GA 4 to show attribution and value - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarbo...Using GA 4 to show attribution and value - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarbo...
Using GA 4 to show attribution and value - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarbo...
 
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - Feb 7 2023.pptx
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - Feb 7 2023.pptxUsing SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - Feb 7 2023.pptx
Using SEO as a PR Metric - Measurement Base Camp - Greg Jarboe - Feb 7 2023.pptx
 
Video SEO: 10 Steps to Optimizing YouTube Videos for Search and Discoveryv2.pptx
Video SEO: 10 Steps to Optimizing YouTube Videos for Search and Discoveryv2.pptxVideo SEO: 10 Steps to Optimizing YouTube Videos for Search and Discoveryv2.pptx
Video SEO: 10 Steps to Optimizing YouTube Videos for Search and Discoveryv2.pptx
 
Using SEO as a PR metric - May 3 2022.pptx
Using SEO as a PR metric - May 3 2022.pptxUsing SEO as a PR metric - May 3 2022.pptx
Using SEO as a PR metric - May 3 2022.pptx
 
How to become a you tube expert in less than 15 years
How to become a you tube expert in less than 15 yearsHow to become a you tube expert in less than 15 years
How to become a you tube expert in less than 15 years
 
Using SEO as a PR metric by Greg Jarboe
Using SEO as a PR metric by Greg JarboeUsing SEO as a PR metric by Greg Jarboe
Using SEO as a PR metric by Greg Jarboe
 
The future of seo in the uae
The future of seo in the uaeThe future of seo in the uae
The future of seo in the uae
 
Digital pr what every pr pro needs to know about seo
Digital pr   what every pr pro needs to know about seoDigital pr   what every pr pro needs to know about seo
Digital pr what every pr pro needs to know about seo
 
Data driven influencer marketing parents magazine case study
Data driven influencer marketing parents magazine case studyData driven influencer marketing parents magazine case study
Data driven influencer marketing parents magazine case study
 
SEO for marketers
SEO for marketersSEO for marketers
SEO for marketers
 
Using SEO as a PR Metric
Using SEO as a PR MetricUsing SEO as a PR Metric
Using SEO as a PR Metric
 
Hashtag Marketing
Hashtag MarketingHashtag Marketing
Hashtag Marketing
 
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 3
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 3Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 3
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 3
 
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 2
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 2Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 2
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 2
 
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 1
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 1Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 1
Influencer marketing strategy - module 6 lesson 1
 
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 3
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 3Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 3
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 3
 
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 2
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 2Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 2
Influencer marketing strategy - module 5 lesson 2
 

Recently uploaded

CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Hazratganj Lucknow best sexual service Online
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Hazratganj Lucknow best sexual service OnlineCALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Hazratganj Lucknow best sexual service Online
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Hazratganj Lucknow best sexual service Onlineanilsa9823
 
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?elizabethella096
 
TOP DUBAI AGENCY OFFERS EXPERT DIGITAL MARKETING SERVICES.pdf
TOP DUBAI AGENCY OFFERS EXPERT DIGITAL MARKETING SERVICES.pdfTOP DUBAI AGENCY OFFERS EXPERT DIGITAL MARKETING SERVICES.pdf
TOP DUBAI AGENCY OFFERS EXPERT DIGITAL MARKETING SERVICES.pdfasiyahanif9977
 
Branding strategies of new company .pptx
Branding strategies of new company .pptxBranding strategies of new company .pptx
Branding strategies of new company .pptxVikasTiwari846641
 
Situation Analysis | Management Company.
Situation Analysis | Management Company.Situation Analysis | Management Company.
Situation Analysis | Management Company.DanielaQuiroz63
 
marketing strategy of tanishq word PPROJECT.pdf
marketing strategy of tanishq word PPROJECT.pdfmarketing strategy of tanishq word PPROJECT.pdf
marketing strategy of tanishq word PPROJECT.pdfarsathsahil
 
Mastering SEO in the Evolving AI-driven World
Mastering SEO in the Evolving AI-driven WorldMastering SEO in the Evolving AI-driven World
Mastering SEO in the Evolving AI-driven WorldScalenut
 
9654467111 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Women Seeking Men
9654467111 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Women Seeking Men9654467111 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Women Seeking Men
9654467111 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Women Seeking MenSapana Sha
 
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...Benjamin Szturmaj
 
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG compliance
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG complianceAvoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG compliance
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG complianceDamien ROBERT
 
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best Strategies
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best StrategiesGoogle 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best Strategies
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best StrategiesSearch Engine Journal
 
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO Success
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO SuccessBrighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO Success
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO SuccessVarn
 
How To Utilize Calculated Properties in your HubSpot Setup
How To Utilize Calculated Properties in your HubSpot SetupHow To Utilize Calculated Properties in your HubSpot Setup
How To Utilize Calculated Properties in your HubSpot Setupssuser4571da
 
GreenSEO April 2024: Join the Green Web Revolution
GreenSEO April 2024: Join the Green Web RevolutionGreenSEO April 2024: Join the Green Web Revolution
GreenSEO April 2024: Join the Green Web RevolutionWilliam Barnes
 
Social Samosa Guidebook for SAMMIES 2024.pdf
Social Samosa Guidebook for SAMMIES 2024.pdfSocial Samosa Guidebook for SAMMIES 2024.pdf
Social Samosa Guidebook for SAMMIES 2024.pdfSocial Samosa
 
Do More with Less: Navigating Customer Acquisition Challenges for Today's Ent...
Do More with Less: Navigating Customer Acquisition Challenges for Today's Ent...Do More with Less: Navigating Customer Acquisition Challenges for Today's Ent...
Do More with Less: Navigating Customer Acquisition Challenges for Today's Ent...Search Engine Journal
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceDelhi Call girls
 

Recently uploaded (20)

CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Hazratganj Lucknow best sexual service Online
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Hazratganj Lucknow best sexual service OnlineCALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Hazratganj Lucknow best sexual service Online
CALL ON ➥8923113531 🔝Call Girls Hazratganj Lucknow best sexual service Online
 
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?
Unraveling the Mystery of Roanoke Colony: What Really Happened?
 
TOP DUBAI AGENCY OFFERS EXPERT DIGITAL MARKETING SERVICES.pdf
TOP DUBAI AGENCY OFFERS EXPERT DIGITAL MARKETING SERVICES.pdfTOP DUBAI AGENCY OFFERS EXPERT DIGITAL MARKETING SERVICES.pdf
TOP DUBAI AGENCY OFFERS EXPERT DIGITAL MARKETING SERVICES.pdf
 
Branding strategies of new company .pptx
Branding strategies of new company .pptxBranding strategies of new company .pptx
Branding strategies of new company .pptx
 
Situation Analysis | Management Company.
Situation Analysis | Management Company.Situation Analysis | Management Company.
Situation Analysis | Management Company.
 
marketing strategy of tanishq word PPROJECT.pdf
marketing strategy of tanishq word PPROJECT.pdfmarketing strategy of tanishq word PPROJECT.pdf
marketing strategy of tanishq word PPROJECT.pdf
 
Mastering SEO in the Evolving AI-driven World
Mastering SEO in the Evolving AI-driven WorldMastering SEO in the Evolving AI-driven World
Mastering SEO in the Evolving AI-driven World
 
9654467111 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Women Seeking Men
9654467111 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Women Seeking Men9654467111 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Women Seeking Men
9654467111 Call Girls In Mahipalpur Women Seeking Men
 
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...
How videos can elevate your Google rankings and improve your EEAT - Benjamin ...
 
BUY GMAIL ACCOUNTS PVA USA IP INDIAN IP GMAIL
BUY GMAIL ACCOUNTS PVA USA IP INDIAN IP GMAILBUY GMAIL ACCOUNTS PVA USA IP INDIAN IP GMAIL
BUY GMAIL ACCOUNTS PVA USA IP INDIAN IP GMAIL
 
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG compliance
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG complianceAvoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG compliance
Avoid the 2025 web accessibility rush: do not fear WCAG compliance
 
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best Strategies
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best StrategiesGoogle 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best Strategies
Google 3rd-Party Cookie Deprecation [Update] + 5 Best Strategies
 
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO Success
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO SuccessBrighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO Success
Brighton SEO April 2024 - The Good, the Bad & the Ugly of SEO Success
 
How To Utilize Calculated Properties in your HubSpot Setup
How To Utilize Calculated Properties in your HubSpot SetupHow To Utilize Calculated Properties in your HubSpot Setup
How To Utilize Calculated Properties in your HubSpot Setup
 
Top 5 Breakthrough AI Innovations Elevating Content Creation and Personalizat...
Top 5 Breakthrough AI Innovations Elevating Content Creation and Personalizat...Top 5 Breakthrough AI Innovations Elevating Content Creation and Personalizat...
Top 5 Breakthrough AI Innovations Elevating Content Creation and Personalizat...
 
GreenSEO April 2024: Join the Green Web Revolution
GreenSEO April 2024: Join the Green Web RevolutionGreenSEO April 2024: Join the Green Web Revolution
GreenSEO April 2024: Join the Green Web Revolution
 
Social Samosa Guidebook for SAMMIES 2024.pdf
Social Samosa Guidebook for SAMMIES 2024.pdfSocial Samosa Guidebook for SAMMIES 2024.pdf
Social Samosa Guidebook for SAMMIES 2024.pdf
 
The Fandom Dividend - Catalyzing Brand Growth through Cultural Engagement - M...
The Fandom Dividend - Catalyzing Brand Growth through Cultural Engagement - M...The Fandom Dividend - Catalyzing Brand Growth through Cultural Engagement - M...
The Fandom Dividend - Catalyzing Brand Growth through Cultural Engagement - M...
 
Do More with Less: Navigating Customer Acquisition Challenges for Today's Ent...
Do More with Less: Navigating Customer Acquisition Challenges for Today's Ent...Do More with Less: Navigating Customer Acquisition Challenges for Today's Ent...
Do More with Less: Navigating Customer Acquisition Challenges for Today's Ent...
 
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort ServiceBDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
BDSM⚡Call Girls in Sector 150 Noida Escorts >༒8448380779 Escort Service
 

Using Web Analytics and Goal Conversions to show your contribution to the bottom line April 12 2022.pptx

  • 1. Using web analytics and goal conversions to show your contribution to the bottom line Greg Jarboe President and co-founder of SEO-PR Measurement Base Camp Spring 2022 April 12, 2022
  • 2. To get a seat at the big table, you need to learn how to show your contribution to the bottom line
  • 3. How can I show that a press release contributed $4,000 in value to this university’s bottom line? Source: Google Campaign URL Builder, https://ga-dev-tools.web.app/campaign-url-builder/
  • 4. How do I know the value was $4,000 when the cost of this one-week Mini-MBA program was $4,995? • Next to the link in the press release that asks prospective participants to “apply today,” the university informs them that the cost is $4,995. • This ensures that we don’t lose prospects when they finally “discover” that the cost of taking this Mini-MBA: Data Driven Management course is $4,995. • Nevertheless, about 80% who apply for the program end up taking it. • So, for reporting purposes, we calculate the value of an application is $4,000 (which is about 80% of $4,995).
  • 5. Google Analytics provides many metrics right out of the box that communications professionals can use ACQUISITION • Users: The number of unique visitors to your website. • New users: The number of first-time users to your website, according to Google’s tracking snippet. • Sessions: The number of individual visits initiated by all the users of your website. BEHAVIOR • Bounce rate: The number of single- page sessions divided by all sessions, or the percentage of all sessions on your site in which users viewed only a single page. • Pages/session: The average number of pages viewed per session. • Avg. session duration: The total duration of all sessions (in seconds) / number of sessions. 5 Source: Google Analytics Help, Glossary
  • 6. But, you must define your goals and estimate their goal value before Google Analytics can report them • Goal conversion rate: The number of goal conversions divided by the number of sessions, times 100. • Goal completions: The number of completed activities that contribute to the success of your business. • Goal $ value: When you set up a goal, you have the option of assigning a monetary amount to the conversion. • Each time a goal is completed by a user, this amount is recorded and then added together in your reports as Goal Value. 6 Sources: Google Analytics channel, “How to set up Goals in Analytics (7:32),” June 9, 2017
  • 7. Google Analytics has a template for standard goals: Revenue, Acquisition, Inquiry, and Engagement • Google Analytics has Goal templates to help you set actionable goals for standard organizational objectives. • You can edit any template field. • The 4 goal categories are: Revenue, Acquisition, Inquiry and Engagement. • Use them as an organization tool to think about the purpose of your goals. • Create at least one goal for each category to understand of how users interact with your content. • These categories don’t affect any data. Source: Google Analytics Help, Create, edit, and share goals 7
  • 8. If you get Edit permission in Google Analytics, let me show you how easy it is to create Goals 8
  • 9. You can also track and measure ‘events’ like form submissions, downloads, link clicks, and video plays • Events are user interactions with content that can be measured independently from a web-page or screen load. • Form submissions, downloads, link clicks, and video plays are all examples of actions you might want to analyze as Events. • You need to add code to your site or app in order to see data in your Events reports. • Setup tags with Google Tag Manager. 9 Source: Google Analytics Help, About Events
  • 10. A micro conversion, like signing-up for your email newsletter, can be translated into a dollar amount • One way to help determine what a goal value should be is to evaluate how often the users who complete the goal become customers. • For example, if your sales team can close 10% of the people who sign up for a newsletter, and your average transaction is $500, then you might assign $50 (i.e. 10% of $500) as your newsletter sign-up Goal Value when users complete the final newsletter sign-up page. • In contrast, if only 1% of signups result in a sale, then you might only assign $5 to your newsletter sign-up Goal Value. Sources: Google Analytics channel, “Goals,” April 11, 2013 10
  • 11. Some may want you to focus on revenue as your only KPI, but you should measure economic value • Lead generation and ecommerce websites focus obsessively on “revenue” as their only KPI. • Their “buy now” buttons make that clear. • So, if 90% of visitors don’t convert in their first session, then their visits are marked as failures! • A better KPI is “economic value.” • Economic value is the sum of revenue plus the value created by all of the micro-conversions on your website. • So, when someone visits your site and signs up to receive your email newsletter, that is not a failure. 11
  • 12. If you don’t change multi-channel funnel report, then it attributes all conversions to the last click • Avinash Kaushik, Google’s Digital Marketing Evangelist, says: • The last interaction model is weak. • The last non-direct click is weak. • The last Google Ads click model will get you fired. • The first interaction model is weak. • The linear model is “less wrong.” • The time decay model is “much better.” • The position based model “is not great, but won't completely kill you.” • A free model comparison tool in Google Analytics lets you see the impact of 3 models at one time. 12
  • 13. Measure assisted conversions to ensure that the content you create gets the credit that it deserves • The Assisted Conversions report shows the performance of marketing channels in both delivering last-click conversions and assisted conversions. • Think of it this way, the report now illustrates credit being given to your PR and content marketing efforts (referrals, social networks, email, and press releases) for introducing new people to your business and working hard in the early part of the conversion journey, as well as credit if they also drive the last visit that resulted in a conversion. 13
  • 14. I helped to launch the Rutgers Online Professional Master’s in Human Resource Management in 2019 • In 2019, SEO-PR helped Rutgers University launch an Online Professional Master’s in Human Resource Management program. • Our objective was to generate 30 applications by August 1, 2019. • Students can complete the 12-course Master’s program in as few as 18 months and as long as 5 years. • Tuition is $3,174 per 3-credit course, or $38,016 for 12 courses. • So, 30 applications represented up to $1,140,480 in tuition for Rutgers. Source: Greg Jarboe, The Measurement Advisor, “Rutgers Master’s Launch Optimized by SEO-PR Boosts Enrollment by $380K,” Sept. 30, 2019
  • 15. We used keyword research to learn what people were searching for, but Google Surveys told us why • Survey found target audiences included personnel, staffing & recruiting, and talent acquisition as well as human resources. • Respondents with 4 or more years of HR experience said the follow factors were important when selecting a university: • “Fully online graduate program.” • “Flexible schedule/completion time.” • “No GRE/GMAT required.” • “Top-ranked university.” Source: Greg Jarboe, The Measurement Advisor, “Rutgers Master’s Launch Optimized by SEO-PR Boosts Enrollment by $380K,” Sept. 30, 2019
  • 16. We emphasized three of these important factors in the subhead of our optimized multimedia release Source: Business Wire, “Rutgers Launches Online Master’s in Human Resource Management Program,” Jan. 17, 2019
  • 17. We used the Google Campaign URL Builder tool to add campaign parameters to URLs in the release • We used Google’s free Campaign URL Builder tool to add campaign parameters to URLs in the release to track our Custom Campaign in Google Analytics. • This enabled us to track the number of users, new users, sessions, bounce rate, pages/session, average session duration, conversion rate, conversions, and goal value generated by our optimized multimedia release on a daily basis. Source: https://ga-dev-tools.appspot.com/campaign-url-builder/
  • 18. Our marketing campaign increased ‘familiarity with’ and ‘likelihood to recommend’ Rutgers University • In late June, we used Google Surveys a second time to measure the impact of the integrated marketing campaign. • The percentage of respondents who said they were “familiar with” Rutgers University had increased from 13.8% pre- launch to 18.5% post-launch. • The percentage of respondents who said they were “very likely” to recommend Rutgers to a friend or colleague had increased from 16.7% pre-launch to 19.0% post-launch. • So, you can measure brand lift instead of using advertising value equivalent (AVE). Source: Greg Jarboe, The Measurement Advisor, “Rutgers Master’s Launch Optimized by SEO-PR Boosts Enrollment by $380K,” Sept. 30, 2019
  • 19. Overall campaign generated 8,337 new users, 85 leads, and 38 applications worth up to $1.4 million • Our integrated marketing campaign drove 8,337 new users to the Rutgers Online Professional Master’s in Human Resource Management landing page. • Our optimized landing page generated 85 leads (clicked on the Apply tab in navigation). • We also evaluated the source/medium of the new users and leads in Google Analytics: • LinkedIn ads generated 81% of the new users, but 66% of the leads. • Google Ads generated 11% of the new users, but 8% of the leads. • Google organic search generated 3% of the new users, but 7% of the leads. • Optimized multimedia release generated 1% of the new users, but 13% of the leads. • More importantly, the campaign generated 38 completed applications, worth up to $1,444,608 in tuition over the next 18 months to 5 years. Source: Greg Jarboe, The Measurement Advisor, “Rutgers Master’s Launch Optimized by SEO-PR Boosts Enrollment by $380K,” Sept. 30, 2019
  • 20. Our optimized press release generated 90 out of 8,337 new users (1%), but 8 out of 86 leads (9%) 20 Source: Google Analytics, Behavior, Site Content, Landing Pages, Jan. 1 through Aug. 1, 2019
  • 21. Release in news section of site generated 239 out of 8,337 new users (3%), but 6 out of 86 leads (7%)
  • 22. In 2019, our Rutgers case study was shortlisted in two different categories for the US Search Awards • We were a finalist in the Best Integrated Campaign category for demonstrating that PR, SEO, display advertising, and PPC advertising can increase brand awareness and generate leads at the same time. • And we won in the Best Use of PR in a Search Campaign category for demonstrating that an optimized press release and duplicate content in the news section of SMLR’s website generated 4% of the traffic, but 16% of the leads. Source: Greg Jarboe, The Measurement Advisor, “Rutgers Master’s Launch Optimized by SEO-PR Boosts Enrollment by $380K,” Sept. 30, 2019
  • 23. To show your contribution to the bottom line next year, you will need to use Google Analytics 4 (GA4) Source: https://youtu.be/S708NFbvTXI • Google will be “sunsetting” Universal Analytics on July 1, 2023. • Launched in October 2012, Universal Analytics was built for a generation of online measurement anchored in the desktop web, independent sessions, and easily observable data from cookies. • This measurement methodology is quickly becoming obsolete. • GA4 operates across platforms, uses an event-based data model to deliver user-centric measurement, and does not rely exclusively on cookies.
  • 24. Moving to GA4 represents a strategic opportunity to show your contribution to the bottom line • Understand your customers across touchpoints. • Get a complete view of the customer lifecycle with an event-based measurement model that isn’t fragmented by platform or organized into independent sessions. • Improve ROI with data-driven attribution. • It assigns attribution credit to more than just the last click using your Analytics data, and helps you understand how your marketing activities collectively influence your conversions. • Measure conversions with business and compliance needs in mind. • With new country-level privacy controls, you can minimize the collection of user-level data — like cookies and metadata — while preserving key measurement functionality. • Get greater value from your data • Machine learning generates predictive insights about user behavior, creates new audiences of users likely to purchase or churn, and surfaces critical insights to improve your marketing.
  • 25. To learn more, watch the 21 videos in the ‘Getting Started with Google Analytics 4 properties’ playlist • Then, watch the 6 videos in the “Familiar Use Cases in Google Analytics 4 properties” playlist. • If you or your staff need to learn how to run your own best-in-class measurement programs (or to update existing ones,) Paine Publishing offers custom training, as well as tailored measurement materials. • But, if you don’t use GA4 to show your contribution to the bottom line, then you’re bringing a knife to a gunfight. Source: https://youtu.be/S708NFbvTXI