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1. Ragabali Ebrahimi
Takestan Branch,
Islamic Azad University,
Iran

2. Fig 1. Energy, Time and Pressure
in Sonochemistry
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 211/03/2014

3. Fig 2. Classification of Sound Frequencies
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 311/03/2014

4. Fig 3. Cavitation; Formation and Collapse of Bubbles
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 411/03/2014

5. Fig 4. Conversion of aqueous solution of monomers
to permanent hydrogel by ultrasound
in a few seconds
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 511/03/2014

6. Fig 5. The Structure of acrylic acid co acrylamidebased
superabsorbent hydrogel crosslinked with MBA
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 611/03/2014

7. Temp Cel
800.0700.0600.0500.0400.0300.0200.0100.0
DTAuV
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
-10.00
-20.00
-30.00
TGmg
2.400
2.200
2.000
1.800
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
0.800
0.600
DTGug/min
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
-50.0
-100.0
-150.0
-200.0
-250.0
TG%
100.0
90.0
80.0
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
A
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
190 210 230 250 270 290 310
Abs
Λ(nm)
AAm
AA
MBA
Hydrogel
Fig 6. Spectra Analysis: FT-IR, Uv-Vis, TGA, SEM and GPC
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 711/03/2014

8. 0
20
40
60
80
100
20 25 30 35 40 45
Convertion
time(sec)
Fig 7. Monomer conversion during ultrasonic irradiation
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 811/03/2014

9. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
50 60 70 80 90 100
% of Glycerol
Viscosity (mPa.S)
Reaction Time(Sec)
Fig 8. The effect of glycerol on viscosity and reaction time
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 911/03/2014

10. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
55 65 75 85 95
t(sec)
Power (%)
Fig 9. The effect of ultrasonic power on the reaction time
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1011/03/2014

11. Fig 10. swelling process after any two minutes
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1111/03/2014

12. Fig 11. swelling process
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1211/03/2014

13. 2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
4 9 14 19 24 29
w(gr)
time (min)
278 K 293 K 308 K 318 K
Fig 12. Effect of temperature on the swelling kinetics
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1311/03/2014

14. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
m(gr)
Conc (M)
NaCl
CaCl2
FeCl3
Fig 13. Equilibrium swelling of the hydrogel in salt solutions
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1411/03/2014

15. 0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
4.5
0 50 100 150
Weight(gr)
time (min)
PH = 11 PH = 3
Fig 14. reversible pulsatile swelling and deswelling
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1511/03/2014

16. Fig 15. Schematic of classes of controlled relase systems.
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1611/03/2014

17. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Abs
Time (min)
Drug Delivery Stage
Drug Loading Stage
Fig 16. Fluvoxamine Structure, loading and delivery
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1711/03/2014

18. 2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Abs
time (min)
pH=4
pH=10
pH=7
0.25
0.75
1.25
1.75
2.25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Abs
T (min)
Temperature = 5 oC
Temperature = 15 oC
Temperature = 25 oC
Temperature = 37 oC
Temperature = 45 oC
Fig 17. pH and Temprature effects in Fluvoxamine delivery
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1811/03/2014

19. Fig 18. Ciprofloxacin Structure
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1911/03/2014

20. 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Abs
Time (min)
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Abs
Time (min)
Fig 19. Ciprofloxacin
loading and
delivery
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 2011/03/2014

21. 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Abs
Time (min)
pH=2
PH=8
ph=10
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
5 15 30 45 60
Abs
Time (min)
T=5 T=20 T=37 T=45
Fig 20. pH and Temprature effects in
Ciprofloxacin delivery
Ultrasound & Hydrogels 2111/03/2014

22. 2211/03/2014

23. 1. R. EBRAHIMI, IRAN. POLYM. J. 21(1), 11-20, 2012.
2. R. EBRAHIMI, G. TARHANDEH, S. RAFIEY, H. KHANI, J. KOR. CHEM. SOC. 56(1), 92-101, 2012.
3. R. EBRAHIMI, RESEARCH & REVIEWS IN BIOSCIENCES 6(4,5), 134-141, 2012.
4- R. EBRAHIMI, F. SADEGHI NIYARAKI, A. BOLOURI JIRANDEH, J. POLYM. MAT., 31 (2), 159-167, 2014.
5- R. EBRAHIMI, M. EBRAHIMI, J POLYM ENG, 34 (7), 625-632, 2014.
CONFERENCE PAPERS:
JOURNAL PAPERS:
1. R. EBRAHIMI, … INT. CON. ON ENV. SCI. AND ENG. (WASET 2010), SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, AUG. 25-27, 2010.
2. R. EBRAHIMI, IUPAC 9TH INT. CON. ON ADV. POLYM. VIA MACROM. ENG. CAPPADOCIA, TURKEY, SEP. 5-8, 2011.
3. R. EBRAHIMI, … 10TH INT. SEM. ON POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECH. (ISPST2012), TEHRAN, IRAN, OCT. 21-25, 2012.
4. R. EBRAHIMI, … THE 8TH INT. CHEM. ENG. CONGRESS & EXHIBITION(ICECE), KISH, IRAN, 24-27 FEBRUARY, 2014.
5. R. Ebrahimi, … INT. CONF. ON ADV. IN PURE AND APPL. SCI.’ (ICAPAS), Kuala LUMPUR, Malaysia.Nov 3-4, 2014.
2311/03/2014

24. Thank you for your attention 2411/03/2014