1. MODEL WORKSHEET FOR INTEGRATED
EXPERIMENT IN B.SC.ED (ZOOLOGY)
- A PROPOSAL
Dr. G. NAGARAJ
ZOOLOGY SECTION
REGIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION (N C E R T)
MYSORE- 570 006, KARNATAKA, INDIA.
E. mail: gnriem@gmail.com
Introduction
The integrated B.Sc. Ed course offered by the Regional Institute of
Education (Ajmer, Bhopal, Bhubhaneshwar and Mysore) is innovative and
prepares better teachers for school education. Students get not only the content
knowledge but also trained how to teach (methodology) the content in school.
As the course is integrated between content and method, the experiments/
practicals also needs to be integrated with content and process/ method of
learning & teaching the content.
Two dimensions of integration
Here, I am proposing a model worksheet in which integration is made in
two dimensions/ ways i.e. (1) between content and method of learning and (2)
between subjects (Chemistry, Zoology, Statistics and Computer Science).

2. 1. Integration Between content and method of learning:
The worksheet given here is for the experiment titled ‘ESTIMATION &
COMPARISON OF HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT’. Here, along with content (i.e. procedure
for estimation of Hb) the objectives at various cognitive levels (knowledge,
understanding, application, analysis, skill, synthesis and attitude) are also listed so
that objective based learning (methodology) takes place. In the sheet, it is also
give the method of collecting, tabulating and analyzing the data which tells the
process of learning science.
2. Integration between subjects:
While doing the experiment, students recall the molecular structure of
Hb, explain the principle, chemical reaction involved in estimation of Hb
(Chemistry); the explain biological importance like functions, deficiency
disease etc. (Zoology); analyse collected data with use of statistical
techniques (Statistics); and computer (Computer Science). Here,
integration of various subjects (C, Z, S and CS) is made.
Such kind of worksheets for integrated experiments can be developed
used for better learning of Science. The model work sheet follows:

3. Ex. no:
Date:
ESTIMATION & COMPARISON OF HEMOGLOBIN CONTENT
Aim : (i)To estimate the hemoglobin content of human blood and (ii) to find it’s relation with
sex, age, height, weight, food habits, play habits (out door games or any exercise other than
regular work), socio-economic status and (profession and annual income of parents) the amount
of RBC.
Objectives : On completion of this experiment, students will be able to;
Knowledge :
• Recall the structure and position of of Hb
Understanding :
• State the functions of Hb
• Describe the Haemoglobinometer
• Explain the principle involved in estimation o Hb
• Describe the procedure to estimate Hb
• Give reason for using of 0.1N HCl acid
• Explain the significance of the study
Application :
• Uses the procedures to find out Hb levels of different persons
• Suggests simple projects.
Analysis :
• Interpret the recordings (data) in terms of;
a) comparing the amount of Hb
- between boys and girls,
- between Vegetarian and Non-vegetarian
- between players and non-players
b) Correlate the amount Hb through illustration (like – table, graph, diagram)
- with height
- with weight
- with socio-economic status
- with number of RBCs
Skill :
• Collect the blood accurately
• Stir the acid-hematin mixture carefully
• Read the HB content correctly.
• Handle the instrument safely
• Draw scientific diagram and label them
Synthesis :
• Synthesize the facts and give possible explanations for the observation.
Attitude :
• Objective in approach
• Honest in collecting and recording scientific data

4. • Observe cleanliness in activity
• Maintain time (punctual)
I ) ESTIMATION OF Hb
Apparatus required : Sahli’s haemoglobinometer (pipette with a 20 cu.mm mark, prickling
needle, dropper, stirrer, comparator).
Reagents required : 100% Alcohol, distilled water, 0.1N HCl (1ml con Hcl +99 ml DW).
Principle :
Hemoglobin is a complex substance that gives red color to RBC. It is an iron containing
protein made of large protein molecule called globin and four-ring like structure. Each contains
one atom of iron heam. It helps in carrying O2 to the tissues and CO2 away from the tissues.
Hence the oxygen carrying capacity of blood depends on the amount of hemoglobin it.
Hemoglobin is converted to acid hematin by the addition of N/10 or 0.1 HCl and the
resulting brown color is compared to the standard brown glass in haemoglobinometer. The
intensity of the brown color depends on the acid hematin which in turn depends on the amount of
hemoglobin in the blood sample.
The Sahli’s haemoglobinometer consists of a standard brown glass on a comparator and
a graduated tube. A special pipette is used to measure 20 cu mm of blood.
Procedure :
* Place N/10 or 0.1N HCl in the graduated tube upto the 2% mark.
* Draw blood upto20 cu mm mark in the pipette and transfer it to the acid in the tube and
mix the acid and blood using glass stirrer provided.
* Allow it to stand for about 10 minutes to develop brown color. Complete color will be
developed only after 10 minutes so it is very essential to wait.
* Then dilute the solution by using distilled water by adding two drops at a time until the
color matches with the glass plates in the comparator.
* When once it matches stop adding distilled water.
* Then take out the tube and record the level of solution (amount of Hb) in the tube.
* Repeat the procedure 3 times and calculate the average concentration of Hb.
* Report the concentration of hemoglobin in terms of gms/100 ml of blood.
Precaution :
* Observe the color with the help of a constant (natural) light source.
* Concentration of acid should be proper (0.1 N HCl).
* Add distilled water two drops at a time (drop by drop toward the end), so that it does not
exceed the match point.
* Stir the fluid after adding water drops.
* Don’t rest the stirrer on table or other places during adding DW and hold it in left hand.
II ) ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
(Finding the relation between Hb content and various parameters)
* Record the observed hemoglobin content of 20 or 40 students in observation table.
Observation Table
Sl.no name sex age
height
(cm)
Weight
(kg)
food
habit
V/NV
play
habit
Pl/Npl
so.ec.status
amount
of RBC
Hb
content
(gm)
F M
P I P I

5. (F-Father, M- Mother, P-Profession, I-Income,Pl- player, Npl- Non-player)
Analyze your recording on following directions:
Find out the mean difference:
• Is there any difference in ‘Mean of Hb content’ between male and female?
• Is there any difference in ‘Mean Hb content’ between vegetarian and non-vegetarian?
Find out the correlation:
• When the age increases, what happens to Hb content?
• When the weight increases, what happens to Hb content?
• When the height increases, what happens to Hb content?
• When the socio-economic status increases, what happens to Hb content?
• When the number of RBC increases, what happens to Hb content?
Statistical techniques:
To answer the above questions the following simple statistical techniques can be used.
• The mean difference between boys and girls:
Number of Boys (NB) = --------
Total Hb of boys = ---------
Average HB of Boys :
=
NB
BHbTotal )(
Mean Hb of boys = ………
No. of Girls (NG) = -------
Total BP of girls = --------
Average Hb of girls :
=
NG
GHbTotal )(
Mean Hb of girls = ………
• Repeat the same way of analysis for
- Vegetarian and non-vegetarian.
- Players and non-players
• Find out the correlation (illustrative, like – table, graph, diagram) between
- height vs ofHb content
- weight vs ofHb content
- age vs ofHb content
- socio-economic status vs ofHb content and
- number of RBC vs ofHb content.
To find the correlation by tabulation method, write the values of height / weight / age /
soc. ec. status / number of RBC in ascending order in first column. Then write the
corresponding values of Hb content in the second column and analise.
To find the correlation by graphical method, plot the values of height / weight / age /
soc. ec.status / number of RBC in X axis and corresponding values of Hb on Y axis.
Construct and interpret the graph.
Discussion / Interpretation:

Significance of the Study:

Project:

6. Suggest a possible and feasible project based on above study (at H.Sc and UG level)
and write the brief outline of action plan.
*****

7. Suggest a possible and feasible project based on above study (at H.Sc and UG level)
and write the brief outline of action plan.
*****