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The Logic of Property
Property ,[object Object],[object Object],Not all selective benefit is property, but all property is selective benefit. “ Status” can be a property.
Property ,[object Object],[object Object]
State of Nature ,[object Object]
Mancur Olson ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mancur Olson ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mancur Olson ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conditions ,[object Object]
Pre-State Conditions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
So, how did they survive? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
A Group ,[object Object],Group A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals
A Group ,[object Object],Group A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals
A Group ,[object Object],[object Object],Group A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals
A Group ,[object Object],Group A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals
A Group ,[object Object],Group A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals
A Group ,[object Object],[object Object],Group A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals
A Group ,[object Object],[object Object],Group A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals
A Group ,[object Object],Group i  A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals
A Group ,[object Object],[object Object],Group i  A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals
A Group ,[object Object],Group i  A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals
A Group ,[object Object],[object Object],Group i  A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals I i
A Group ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Group i  A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals I i P (DC or A) = 0 or ~0 P (C) = 1 or ~1
A Group ,[object Object],[object Object],Group i  A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals I i FR o  > I i  > P(Gi) x Ii /= <1 P > DC or A = > 0
A Group ,[object Object],[object Object],Group i  A I I I I I I I I I = Individuals I i All individuals face a simple choice of co-operate or fight. There are few or no free-rider opportunities
The State of Nature Group ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Group i  A I I = Individuals I I I I I I Conflict Productivity Minimum level
The State of Nature Individual ,[object Object],Group i  A I I = Individuals I I I I I I I I For the Individual member, under conditions of sharing and co-operation, there will be relatively few “Don’t Co-operate” and even fewer “Attack” choice situations within the group—especially under conditions of minimum production. When such situations do emerge, the Individual must rely upon “Self-Help,” (Direct action force) for the individual defense of claim or assertion, or whatever coalition of support he might generate with other group members. In general, under conditions of self-help, the best solution to dispute is maximum violence (killing the co-disputant) since this, in general, best and most permanently ensures against recurrence of dispute with that person. Group integrity will therefore depend on as few of these situations emerging within the group as is possible. Hence, group interests and individual interests must be as nearly perfectly symmetrical as possible to ensure group cohesion and continuation—and both interests tend to the lowest practically possible productivity. Social stability requires: G i  = I i
The State of Nature Individual ,[object Object],Group i  A I I = Individuals I I I I I I I I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Social stability requires: G i  = I i
The State of Nature Individual ,[object Object],Group i  A I I = Individuals I I I I I I I I Thus, even within state of nature groups force is still the ultimate determining factor in social interaction, it is simply dis- or un-organized and it devolves wholly to the individual to determine when, where, and how to bring force to bear in any situation or dispute. Social stability requires: G i  = I i
Now, let’s expand… ,[object Object],Group i  A I = Individuals I I I I I I I Group i  B 1…n I = Individuals I I I I I I I I
Now, let’s expand… ,[object Object],[object Object],Group i  A I = Individuals I I I I I I I Group i  B I = Individuals I I I I I I I I
Now, let’s expand… ,[object Object],Group i  A I = Individuals I I I I I I I Group i  B I = Individuals I I I I I I I I
The State of Nature Condition ,[object Object],Group i  A I = Individuals I I I I I I I Group i  B I = Individuals I I I I I I I I Attack Attack Dis-Cooperate Inter-group interaction P (DC or A) = 1 or ~1
Now, let’s expand… ,[object Object],[object Object],Group i  A I = Individuals I I I I I I I Group i  B I = Individuals I I I I I I I I
Now, let’s expand… ,[object Object],[object Object],Group i  A I = Individuals I I I I I I I Group i  B I = Individuals I In pre/non-state circumstance, force solutions are the dominant mode to dispute, but in general, they will not apply  within  groups (per Locke), but  between  groups it would appear that Hobbes analysis would apply. I I I I I I
Competing Group Individuals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AI-1 BI-1 To the extent either group can kill members or harm the interests of a nearby competing group, it should generally do so.
So, how/why could or do groups “escape” the state of nature? ,[object Object]
Exodus ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conflict ,[object Object]
The Prisoner’s Dilemma ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emerging problems… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Property comes from Abundance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Abundance Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],I i I i I i I i I i I i I i I i Where the original in-group game was essentially, “Co-operate or fight (die),” under its minimum conditions, for practical purposes this means “Co-operate or everyone dies,” giving a very strong impetus to co-operation. With surplus production (Abundance) opportunities arise for any/all members to become free-riders, creating conflict conditions (DC or A)
The Abundance Effect ,[object Object],I i I i I i I i I i I i I i I i Under the new surplus conditions, everyone becomes rationally motivated to become a “free-rider” on the surplus.  That is, they are prone to select at least “Don’t co-operate.” Simple assertion of “This is mine.” is no solution, as it will just lead to more dispute.
The Abundance Effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emerging problems… ,[object Object]
Disturbance created by Surplus ,[object Object],Group i  A I I = Individuals I i I I I I I I I I Original Condition Group i  A Disturbed Condition I i I i I i I i I i I I I I I I I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emerging problems… ,[object Object],[object Object]
Solutions… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solutions… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Solutions… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Force-Based Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],KING Force Force S S S S S S S S S S S S S S WL WL WL WL WL WL WL
Solutions… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The solution is selective benefit ,[object Object],[object Object]
Solutions… ,[object Object],Proto-King Conflict  Control Benefits  (Proto-property) Identified  “rights” Continued Production By making their force available to the proto-king, and forswearing recourse to it in intra-group disputes, members can return to “Always Co-operate” and in the event of “defect” decisions, the Proto-king and Members can enforce compliance. Benefit, not force, will underlie most social interactions.
Selective Benefits Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Organized Force Property Selective Benefit (Social Order) Sustained  Abundance (Rights)
The Proto-State This can be accomplished very simply by a direct organization of competition.  All that is required is that the group allow or select one of their members to be “conflict control.” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],His Pledgemen The King
New Condition—Proto-State (K)G i Group i  A Restored Equilibrium Condition PH1 i I I I I I I I In this new condition, the state of nature condition remains in different locations, but the most severe violence will be managed. With the guarantee that the new king (K) will maintain both Group interest (G i)  and Pledgeholder interests (PH 1...n ), the persons in conflict can return to “Always Co-operate” at least as regards the group of pledgeholders and the king. The King (K) will necessarily retain an ability of self-help since he is in control of all violence—so he remains in the state of nature  viz a viz  all others, including his pledgeholders. But the King will be strongly motivated to satisfy his pledgeholders, since his position will ultimately depend on their selecting “Always Co-operate.” PH2 i PH3 i PH42 i PH5 i
New Condition—Proto-State (K)G i Group i  A(t) Restored Equilibrium Condition PH1 i I I I I I I I The original claims would have been  somewhat varied and inchoate.  Originally, all that is required is that the Proto-King arbitrate and then defend claims presented by pledgeholders. It is these claims that will determine the sorts of “rights” that the new king can and will defend.  These can, will, and must be expressed in law. It is specifically the need and desire of prospective pledgeholders and their desire to limit their violence among themselves with  respect to those claims  that makes them willing to submit to the proto-king. The key to success is the status relationship with the proto-king.  Only Pledgeholders have “rights.”  And specifically the right to demand from the proto-king satisfaction in disputes. PH2 i PH3 i PH4 i PH5 i Archaic Aristocracies
Group A Transformed (t) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Group i  A(t) I I = Individuals I I I I I I Conflict Productivity Productivity (K)G i PH1 i PH2 i PH3 i PH4 i PH5 i Minimum levels Stable Surplus Event Conflict Control Established Post (t) Minimum Productivity
(t)State Limiting Conditions (K)G i Group i  A(t) Restored Equilibrium Condition PH1 i I I I I I I I The First Problem “solved” is internal violence within the group.   All group members are motivated to maintain an equilibrium of conflict (Don’t Co-operate) in order to secure/maintain/grow surplus and abundance. Success of the model will principally depend upon (K) successfully maintaining control of recourse to force and violence among PH. The model creates a coalition of force-users that provides for both external defense (military) and internal stability (policing). Co-operation among (PH) is secured by (K) delivering tangible, specific, and difficult to remove benefits. Non-Interest holders (I) will experience a “neighborhood effect” through the stability created, even though they possess no specific benefits. PH2 i PH3 i PH4 i PH5 i
Notes on — Proto-State (K)G i Group i  A Restored Equilibrium Condition PH1 i I I I I I I I The original claims would have been  somewhat varied and inchoate.  Within groups this would seem a likely opportunity for the emergence on non-magical religion in the form of structured moralities that support the overall model of co-operation and mutual support that has been created. Generalized “moral” behavior would be very important to the success of the scheme established. Notions of “honor” would also need to play a large role in a system without a great deal of available subtlety in enforcement options. It is clearly evident that the PH group has an ability to organize into its own interest group, independent of either K or I.  This is the model of the first systems with their proto-aristocracies. PH2 i PH3 i PH42 i PH5 i
Notes on — Proto-State (K)G i Group i  A Restored Equilibrium Condition PH1 i I I I I I I I The original claims would have been  somewhat varied and inchoate.  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PH2 i PH3 i PH42 i PH5 i
(t)State New Problems… (K2)G i Group i  A(t) PH1 i I PH2 i PH3 i PH4 i PH5 i ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],I I I I I I (K1)G i PH1 i PH2 i PH3 i PH4 i PH5 i I I I I I I I I I Group i  B(t) Internal order will have no necessary effect on relations between group, but better organized force may encourage predatory behavior relative to out-groups. Both Groups would be liable to random non-organized or at least spontaneous opportunity predation by rogue dis/non-co-operators. Attack Attack Dis-Co-Operate Dis-Co-Operate I i Attack
(t)State New Problems… (K2)G i Group i  A(t) PH1 i I PH2 i PH3 i PH4 i PH5 i ,[object Object],I I I I I I (K1)G i PH1 i PH2 i PH3 i PH4 i PH5 i I I I I I I I I I Group i  B(t) Societies will experiment with variations on selective benefits—including multiple levels of status ownership. Societies will experiment with variations on the organization of force, including slavery. Attack Attack Dis-Co-Operate Dis-Co-Operate Overall, greater productivity will consistently provide the best return on social investments.
Solutions… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
All societies face one simple question if they wish to have abundance… ,[object Object],[object Object],It is always ours to choose. ,[object Object],[object Object],____________________ ____________________
Sequence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Social Balance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Organized Force Property Selective Benefit (Social Order) Sustained  Abundance (Rights)
Descent… ,[object Object]
Socialist Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],DIS-organized Force Abolition of Property Degraded  (Social Order) Collapsed  Production Impossibility of (Rights)
Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Force-based solutions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Selective Benefits Solutions ,[object Object],[object Object]
Simply stated… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The Socialist Experiment ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Socialist Experiment ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Next Up… ,[object Object]
Socialist Cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],Anarchists Nihilists DIS-organized Force Abolition of Property Degraded  (Social Order) Collapsed  Production Impossibility of (Rights)

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Logic of Property

  • 1. The Logic of Property
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  • 57. New Condition—Proto-State (K)G i Group i A Restored Equilibrium Condition PH1 i I I I I I I I In this new condition, the state of nature condition remains in different locations, but the most severe violence will be managed. With the guarantee that the new king (K) will maintain both Group interest (G i) and Pledgeholder interests (PH 1...n ), the persons in conflict can return to “Always Co-operate” at least as regards the group of pledgeholders and the king. The King (K) will necessarily retain an ability of self-help since he is in control of all violence—so he remains in the state of nature viz a viz all others, including his pledgeholders. But the King will be strongly motivated to satisfy his pledgeholders, since his position will ultimately depend on their selecting “Always Co-operate.” PH2 i PH3 i PH42 i PH5 i
  • 58. New Condition—Proto-State (K)G i Group i A(t) Restored Equilibrium Condition PH1 i I I I I I I I The original claims would have been somewhat varied and inchoate. Originally, all that is required is that the Proto-King arbitrate and then defend claims presented by pledgeholders. It is these claims that will determine the sorts of “rights” that the new king can and will defend. These can, will, and must be expressed in law. It is specifically the need and desire of prospective pledgeholders and their desire to limit their violence among themselves with respect to those claims that makes them willing to submit to the proto-king. The key to success is the status relationship with the proto-king. Only Pledgeholders have “rights.” And specifically the right to demand from the proto-king satisfaction in disputes. PH2 i PH3 i PH4 i PH5 i Archaic Aristocracies
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  • 60. (t)State Limiting Conditions (K)G i Group i A(t) Restored Equilibrium Condition PH1 i I I I I I I I The First Problem “solved” is internal violence within the group. All group members are motivated to maintain an equilibrium of conflict (Don’t Co-operate) in order to secure/maintain/grow surplus and abundance. Success of the model will principally depend upon (K) successfully maintaining control of recourse to force and violence among PH. The model creates a coalition of force-users that provides for both external defense (military) and internal stability (policing). Co-operation among (PH) is secured by (K) delivering tangible, specific, and difficult to remove benefits. Non-Interest holders (I) will experience a “neighborhood effect” through the stability created, even though they possess no specific benefits. PH2 i PH3 i PH4 i PH5 i
  • 61. Notes on — Proto-State (K)G i Group i A Restored Equilibrium Condition PH1 i I I I I I I I The original claims would have been somewhat varied and inchoate. Within groups this would seem a likely opportunity for the emergence on non-magical religion in the form of structured moralities that support the overall model of co-operation and mutual support that has been created. Generalized “moral” behavior would be very important to the success of the scheme established. Notions of “honor” would also need to play a large role in a system without a great deal of available subtlety in enforcement options. It is clearly evident that the PH group has an ability to organize into its own interest group, independent of either K or I. This is the model of the first systems with their proto-aristocracies. PH2 i PH3 i PH42 i PH5 i
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