Built-in Date and Time Functions in MySql

1. Using Date and Time Functions in MYSQL
Mrs.G.Chandraprabha,M.Sc.,M.Phil.,
Assistant Professor,
Department of IT,
V.V.V college for Women,
Virudhunagar

2. Working With Days
DAYOFWEEK() function:
 MYSQL DAYOFWEEK() returns the week day number (1 for
Sunday,2 for Monday …… 7 for Saturday ) for a date specified as
argument.
mysql> SELECT DAYOFWEEK('2008-05-15');
+-------------------------+
| DAYOFWEEK('2008-05-15') |
+-------------------------+
| 5 |
+-------------------------+

3. WEEKDAY() function:
MySQL WEEKDAY() returns the index of the day in a week
for a given date (0 for Monday, 1 for Tuesday and ......6 for
Sunday).
mysql> SELECT WEEKDAY('2009-05-19');
+-----------------------+
| WEEKDAY('2009-05-19') |
+-----------------------+
| 1 |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4. DAYOFMONTH() function:
MySQL DAYOFMONTH() returns the day of the month for a
given date. The day returned will be within the range of 1 to 31. If
the date is ‘0000-00-00’, the function will return 0. The DAY() is
the synonym of DAYOFMONTH().
mysql> SELECT DAYOFMONTH('2008-05-15');
+--------------------------+
| DAYOFMONTH('2008-05-15') |
+--------------------------+
| 15 |
+--------------------------+

5. DAYNAME() function:
MySQL DAYNAME() returns the name of the week day of
a date specified in the argument.
mysql> SELECT DAYNAME('2008-05-15');
+-----------------------+
| DAYNAME('2008-05-15') |
+-----------------------+
| Thursday |
+-----------------------+

6. Working with Months and years:
MONTH() function:
MySQL MONTH() returns the MONTH for the date within a range of 1
to 12 ( January to December). It Returns 0 when MONTH part for the date
is 0.
mysql> SELECT MONTH('2009-05-18');
+---------------------+
| MONTH('2009-05-18') |
+---------------------+
| 5 |
+---------------------+

7. DAYOFYEAR() function:
MySQL DAYOFYEAR() returns day of the year for a date. The return
value is within the range of 1 to 366.
mysql> SELECT DAYOFYEAR('2008-05-15');
+-------------------------+
| DAYOFYEAR('2008-05-15') |
+-------------------------+
| 136 |
+-------------------------+

8. Working with weeks:
WEEK() function:
MySQL WEEK() returns the week number for a given date.
The argument allows the user to specify whether the week starts on
Sunday or Monday and whether the return value should be in the range from
0 to 53 or from 1 to 53. If no argument is included with the function, it
returns the default week format.
SELECT WEEK('2009-05-18');
Output:
mysql> SELECT WEEK('2009-05-18');
+--------------------+
| WEEK('2009-05-18') |
+--------------------+
| 20 |
+--------------------+

9. Working with hours, minutes and seconds
HOUR() function:
MySQL HOUR() returns the HOUR of a time. The return value is
within the range of 0 to 23 for time-of-day values. The range of time
values may be larger than 23.
SELECT HOUR('15:13:46');
Output:
mysql> SELECT HOUR('15:13:46');
+------------------+
| HOUR('15:13:46') |
+------------------+
| 15 |
+------------------+

10. MINUTE() function:
MySQL MINUTE() returns a MINUTE from a time or datetime
value.
SELECT MINUTE('2009-05-18 10:15:21.000423');
Output:
mysql> SELECT MINUTE('2009-05-18 10:15:21.000423');
+--------------------------------------+
| MINUTE('2009-05-18 10:15:21.000423') |
+--------------------------------------+
| 15 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

11. SECOND() function:
MySQL SECOND() returns the second for a time. The return value is
in the range of 0 to 59.
SELECT SECOND('21:29:46');
Output:
mysql> SELECT SECOND('21:29:46');
+--------------------+
| SECOND('21:29:46') |
+--------------------+
| 46 |
+--------------------+

12. Formatting Dates and Times with Mysql:
DATE_FORMAT() function:
MySQL DATE_FORMAT() formats a date as specified in the
argument. A list of format specifiers given bellow may be used to format
a date. The ‘%’ is required before the format specifier characters.
SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2008-05-15 22:23:00', '%W %D %M %Y');
Output:
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2008-05-15 22:23:00', '%W %D
%M %Y');
+---------------------------------------------------+
| DATE_FORMAT('2008-05-15 22:23:00', '%W %D %M %Y') |
+---------------------------------------------------+
| Thursday 15th May 2008 |

13. Performing Date Arithmetic with Mysql:
DATE_ADD() function:
MySQL DATE_ADD() adds time values (as intervals) to a date value. The
ADDDATE() is the synonym of DATE_ADD().
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2008-05-15', INTERVAL 10 DAY) as
required_date;
+---------------+
| required_date |
+---------------+
| 2008-05-25 |
+---------------+

14. DATE_SUB() function
MySQL DATE_SUB() function subtract a time value (as interval) from
a date.
mysql> SELECT DATE_SUB('2008-05-15', INTERVAL 10 DAY);
+-----------------------------------------+
| DATE_SUB('2008-05-15', INTERVAL 10 DAY) |
+-----------------------------------------+
| 2008-05-05 |
+-----------------------------------------+

15. Special Functions and conversion Features:
CURDATE() function:
In MySQL the CURDATE() returns the current date in 'YYYY-MM-
DD' format or 'YYYYMMDD' format depending on whether numeric or
string is used in the function. CURRENT_DATE and
CURRENT_DATE() are the synonym of CURDATE().
mysql> SELECT CURDATE();
+------------+
| CURDATE() |
+------------+
| 2015-04-13 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

16. CURTIME() function:
In MySQL, the CURTIME() returns the value of current time in
‘HH:MM:SS’ format or HHMMSS.uuuuuu format depending on whether
numeric or string is used in the function. CURRENT_TIME() and
CURRENT_TIME are the synonym of CURTIME().
SELECT CURTIME();
Output:
mysql> SELECT CURTIME();
+-----------+
| CURTIME() |
+-----------+
| 11:46:55 |
+-----------+

17. NOW() function:
MySQL NOW() returns the value of current date and time in ‘YYYY-
MM-DD HH:MM:SS’ format or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.uuuuuu
format depending on the context (numeric or string) of the function.
SELECT NOW();
Output:
mysql> SELECT NOW();
+---------------------+
| NOW() |
+---------------------+
| 2015-04-14 10:55:19 |
+---------------------+

18. SYSDATE() function:
MySQL SYSDATE() returns the current date and time in YYYY-MM-
DD HH:MM:SS or YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.uuuuuu format depending
on the context of the function.
mysql> SELECT SYSDATE();
+---------------------+
| SYSDATE() |
+---------------------+
| 2015-04-14 12:50:44 |
+---------------------+

19. TIMESTAMP() function:
MySQL TIMESTAMP() returns a datetime value against a date or datetime
expression.
mysql> SELECT TIMESTAMP('2009-05-18');
+-------------------------+
| TIMESTAMP('2009-05-18') |
+-------------------------+
| 2009-05-18 00:00:00 |
+-------------------------+

20. Thank You