7. Mechanism of Action
• Binds to the erythropoietin receptor: a 72–
78 kDa glycosylated and phosphorylated
transmembrane polypeptide.
• Member of the superfamily of cytokine
receptors.
• Binding results in homodimerisation of the
receptor, followed by activation of several
signal transduction pathways.
10. History of Development
•1906 - Carnot and Deflandre
Suggested a humoral factor “haemopoietine” to control RBC production
Carnot and Deflandre . Comptes Rendu Académie Science Paris. 1906;143:384–386.
Donor
Blood
Anemic
20%-40%
11. History of Development
• 1950 – Erslev- Provided definite evidence for the existence of EPO
and predicted the therapeutic potential of EPO if purified.
• 1954 – Hodgson and Toha- First to demonstrate EPO activity in
urine.
• 1957 – Jacobson et al- First to support EPO production of renal
origin.
• 1961 – Kuratowsha et al- Confirmed kidney as a source of EPO
production.
• 1968 – Katz et al -Confirmed liver as another source of EPO
production.
12. History of Development
• 1977- Miyake et al were the first to isolate and purify EPO
from urine in patients with aplastic anaemia.
Miyake T, Kung CK, Goldwasser EJ. Biol Chem. 1977, 252(15):5558-64.
Fig.1. SDS –polyacrylamide electrophoretic
analysis of the most active fraction from each step
in the purification of human erythropoitien.
Ion exchange chromatography
Ethanol precipitation
Gel filtration
Adsorption chromatography
13. History of Development
• 1985-Jacob et al and Lin et al cloned the human
erythropoietin gene and express this gene in mammalian
cell.
IMPORTANT: Paved the way for industrial manufacturing of
recombinant EPO allowing sufficient quantity of EPO for clinical use
Jacob et al. Nature.1985 Feb 28-Mar 6;313(6005):806-10. Lin et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(22):7580-4.
Fig.2. Restriction map of the
humanEpo gene. ExonsI-V
are indicated by boxes. The
solid boxes denote the
regions of the exons that are
translated.
14. History of Development
• 1989- FDA approves recombinant EPO for use in chronic renal
patients on dialysis
The human body generates 2.5 million new red
blood cells (RBCs) per second from the bone
marrow to replenish the continuous removal
of effete RBCs. The production of RBCs (erythropoiesis)
is controlled by an intricate interaction
between various humoral factors and cytokines.A
specific cytokine, a sialoglycoprotein known as
erythropoietin,which acts directly on certain RBC
progenitors and precursors in the bone marrow,
controls the proliferation, differentiation, and
maturation of RBCs. The
he human body generates 2.5 million new red
blood cells (RBCs) per second from the bone
marrow to replenish the continuous removal
of effete RBCs. The production of RBCs (erythropoiesis)
is controlled by an intricate interaction
between various humoral factors and cytokines.A
specific cytokine, a sialoglycoprotein known as
erythropoietin,which acts directly on certain RBC
progenitors and precursors in the bone marrow,
controls the proliferation, differentiation, and
maturation of RBCs. The
he human body generates 2.5 million new red
blood cells (RBCs) per second from the bone
marrow to replenish the continuous removal
of effete RBCs. The production of RBCs (erythropoiesis)
is controlled by an intricate interaction
between various humoral factors and cytokines.A
specific cytokine, a sialoglycoprotein known as
erythropoietin,which acts directly on certain RBC
progenitors and precursors in the bone marrow,
controls the proliferation, differentiation, and
maturation of RBCs. The
\
Experiment on injected blood from anaemic rabbits to
donor rabbits causing a 20%–40% increased RBC in
blood