Transmission media is used to carry information from sender to receiver through electrical or electromagnetic signals. There are different types of transmission media including twisted-pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber-optic cables. Twisted-pair cables use twisted pairs of conductors to reduce interference, and can be unshielded or shielded. Fiber-optic cables transmit data as pulses of light through glass fibers and have advantages over metal cables including higher bandwidth and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Wireless transmission media also transmits data through radio waves or microwaves across space.

1. TRANSMISSION MEDIA
UNIT II- CHAPTER 2

2. Transmission media
 Transmission media is a pathway that carries
the information from sender to receiver.
 We use different types of cables or
waves to transmit data.
 Data is transmitted normally through electrical
or electromagnetic signals.
 An electrical signal is in the form of current.

3. Electromagnetic Spectrum

4. Transmission media categories

5. Transmission media categories

6. Twisted-Pair Cable

7. Effect of Noise on Parallel Lines Vs Twisted-
Pair Lines

8. Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)
Cable
 Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables
are widely used in the computer and
telecommunications industry as
Ethernet cables and telephone wires.
 In an UTP cable, conductors which
form a single circuit are twisted
around each other in order to cancel
out electromagnetic interference
(EMI) from external sources.
 Unshielded means no
additional shielding like
meshes or aluminium foil,
which add bulk, are used.

9. UTP Connectors

10. Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable
The extra covering
in shielded twisted
pair wiring protects
the transmission line
from electromagnetic
interference leaking
into or out of
the cable.
STP cabling often is
used in Ethernet
networks, especially
fast data rate
Ethernets. Contrast
with UTP.

11. Shielded and unshielded twisted-pair cable revisited. Recently, the
advantages and disadvantages of shielded and unshielded twisted-pair
cable have been under debate. Advocates of STP cable, which includes
screened twisted-pair and foil twisted-pair cables, claim that it is superior to
UTP VS STP

12. Coaxial Cable

13. FIBER-OPTIC CABLE

14. Refraction

15. Critical Angle

16. FIBER-OPTIC CABLE
PROPAGATION

17. FIBER-OPTIC CABLE
PROPAGATION MODES

18. Multimode Step-Index

19. Multimode Graded-Index

20. Single Mode

21. Fiber Construction

22. Radio Communication Band
Figure 7-21
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

23. Figure 7-22
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Propagation Types

24. VLF
LF
Figure 7-23, 24
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

25. MF
HF
Figure 7-25, 26
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

26. VHF
UHF
Figure 7-27, 28
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

27. SHF
EHF
Figure 7-29, 30
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

28. Terrestrial Microwave
Figure 7-31
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

29. Parabolic Dish Antenna
Figure 7-32
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

30. Horn Antenna
Figure 7-33
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

31. Satellite Communication
Figure 7-34
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

32. Geosynchronous Orbit
Figure 7-35
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

33. Figure 7-36
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998
Cellular System

34. Cellular Bands
Figure 7-37
WCB/McGraw-Hill  The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998

35. THANK YOU!
16x9
4x3