Assessment 1 Discussion Board Posts. HST 2120. 2016. Assessment 1 Tasks Discussion Boards 1 and 2: Reflections on the attainment of a selected Millennium Development goal and Sustainable Development Goals. Task Post a series of discussion board responses using academic blog style ~350 words (include sources supporting your discussion. This task provides an opportunity to submit to a post in an academic format without requiring APA ‘in-text’ referencing, a common format for Professional Associations Newsletters and e-new like ‘The Conversation’ viewed by the following link: https://theconversation.com/au/topics/un-sustainable-development-goals You can include hyperlinks .http://www.gvsu.edu/cms3/assets/428A2C9A-0FB7-5B0C- BBFCF723C12E59E3/blackboard9/hyperlinks-discussion-board.pdf to supplement your submission and /or include a list of sources at the conclusion of your discussion submission. Discussion Board topics Discussion 1 – Week 3 Using a Millennium Development Goal (MDG) choose a global action (detailing an agency & program/or project) and discuss in relation to one of the community development principles or interventions /models (i.e. Ch1 Text principles). Include in your discussion, reference to principles or components of the ecological or social justice approaches that you identify in the program and how these may impact on community. DB 1 Feedback key (15 marks) Detailed Global Action described and outlined /5 Model C. Development explored /2 Principles Social Justice or Ecol/ Env described /3 Evidence to reflect if/how well the global action was achieved /5 Total: /15marks. The goals are a commitment by global leaders to halve poverty and hunger, provide education for all, improve standards of health, halt the spread of major diseases such as HIV/AIDS, and slow down environmental degradation by 2016. Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development Links to support the preparation of your post: https://theconversation.com/weve-reached-the-end-of-the-millennium-development-goals-period-so- are-children-better-off-52122 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(15)00057- 1/fulltext?elsca1=etoc&elsca2=email&elsca3=2214- 109X_201507_3_7_&elsca4=Epidemiology%7CPublic%20Health%7CHealth%20Policy%7CLancet http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PII ...

1. Assessment 1 Discussion Board Posts. HST 2120. 2016.
Assessment 1 Tasks Discussion Boards 1 and 2: Reflections on
the attainment
of a selected Millennium Development goal and Sustainable
Development
Goals.
Task
Post a series of discussion board responses using academic blog
style ~350 words (include sources
supporting your discussion. This task provides an opportunity to
submit to a post in an academic
format without requiring APA ‘in-text’ referencing, a common
format for Professional Associations
Newsletters and e-new like ‘The Conversation’ viewed by the
following link:
https://theconversation.com/au/topics/un-sustainable-
development-goals
You can include hyperlinks
.http://www.gvsu.edu/cms3/assets/428A2C9A-0FB7-5B0C-
BBFCF723C12E59E3/blackboard9/hyperlinks-discussion-
board.pdf to supplement your submission
and /or include a list of sources at the conclusion of your
discussion submission.
Discussion Board topics

2. Discussion 1 – Week 3
Using a Millennium Development Goal (MDG) choose a global
action (detailing an agency &
program/or project) and discuss in relation to one of the
community development principles or
interventions /models (i.e. Ch1 Text principles). Include in
your discussion, reference to principles or
components of the ecological or social justice approaches that
you identify in the program and how
these may impact on community.
DB 1 Feedback key (15 marks)
Detailed Global Action described and outlined /5
Model C. Development explored
/2
Principles Social Justice or Ecol/ Env described
/3
Evidence to reflect if/how well the global action was achieved
/5
Total: /15marks.
The goals are a commitment by global leaders to halve poverty
and hunger, provide education for
all, improve standards of health, halt the spread of major
diseases such as HIV/AIDS, and slow down
environmental degradation by 2016.
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality
Goal 5: Improve maternal health

3. Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development
Links to support the preparation of your post:
https://theconversation.com/weve-reached-the-end-of-the-
millennium-development-goals-period-so-
are-children-better-off-52122
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-
109X(15)00057-
1/fulltext?elsca1=etoc&elsca2=email&elsca3=2214-
109X_201507_3_7_&elsca4=Epidemiology%7CPublic%20Healt
h%7CHealth%20Policy%7CLancet
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MD
G%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-
109X(16)00009-7/fulltext
https://theconversation.com/au/topics/un-sustainable-
development-goals
http://www.gvsu.edu/cms3/assets/428A2C9A-0FB7-5B0C-
BBFCF723C12E59E3/blackboard9/hyperlinks-discussion-
board.pdf
http://www.gvsu.edu/cms3/assets/428A2C9A-0FB7-5B0C-
BBFCF723C12E59E3/blackboard9/hyperlinks-discussion-
board.pdf
http://www.gvsu.edu/cms3/assets/428A2C9A-0FB7-5B0C-
BBFCF723C12E59E3/blackboard9/hyperlinks-discussion-
board.pdf
https://theconversation.com/weve-reached-the-end-of-the-

4. millennium-development-goals-period-so-are-children-better-
off-52122
https://theconversation.com/weve-reached-the-end-of-the-
millennium-development-goals-period-so-are-children-better-
off-52122
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-
109X(15)00057-
1/fulltext?elsca1=etoc&elsca2=email&elsca3=2214-
109X_201507_3_7_&elsca4=Epidemiology%7CPublic%20Healt
h%7CHealth%20Policy%7CLancet
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-
109X(15)00057-
1/fulltext?elsca1=etoc&elsca2=email&elsca3=2214-
109X_201507_3_7_&elsca4=Epidemiology%7CPublic%20Healt
h%7CHealth%20Policy%7CLancet
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-
109X(15)00057-
1/fulltext?elsca1=etoc&elsca2=email&elsca3=2214-
109X_201507_3_7_&elsca4=Epidemiology%7CPublic%20Healt
h%7CHealth%20Policy%7CLancet
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MD
G%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-
109X(16)00009-7/fulltext
Assessment 1 Discussion Board Posts. HST 2120. 2016.
Discussion 2 - Week 5
Since the start of 2016, a new set of opportunities exist to
approach the raft of global health issues
that continue to threaten the global community. Approaches to
address a range of community and
public health issues will be approached via the new Sustainable

5. Development Goals (SDG).
SDG to address a health or social
issue at a global level.
address this issue in Australia.
d agency (if you have found one)
or project (different from part
DB1) aimed at addressing the selected SDG.
‘change from below’ (i.e.
Tesiroero Ch5 120) or ‘grassroots’ actions (i.e. Tesiroero Ch5
p129).
Discussion board thread ‘Sustainable
Development Goal- Personal Pledge and voting Forum’ . NB*
This will not be assessed however it is a
requirement that you complete this part of the assessment.
Refer to the readings and others based on your own research, to
support your post:
http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-
109X(15)00040-6/fulltext
DB 2 Feedback Key (15 marks)
SDG described in detail /5

6. Approaches that address the issue In Australia /5
Australian agency and values described/interpreted /5
Total: /15 marks.
https://blackboard.ecu.edu.au/webapps/discussionboard/do/foru
m?action=list_threads&nav=discussion_board_entry&course_id
=_623564_1&conf_id=_156338_1&forum_id=_328355_1
https://blackboard.ecu.edu.au/webapps/discussionboard/do/foru
m?action=list_threads&nav=discussion_board_entry&course_id
=_623564_1&conf_id=_156338_1&forum_id=_328355_1
http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-
109X(15)00040-6/fulltext
Further Information on Models of Community development
(Typology of community intervention)
Minkler, M. & Wallerstein, N. (2005). Improving health through
community organization and community building. In. M.
Minkler (Ed),
Community organizing and community building for health 2nd
Ed. (pp. 26-50). New Brunswick, USA: Rutgers University
Press. E-reserve 26 July2014
http://library.ecu.edu.au/search/r?SEARCH=hst2120&x=52&y=
13
Note the examination on pp 29-30 of the concept of community
and presentation of models of community development on pp.

7. 30-33.
As noted in Braum (2008)…” a classic definition of types of
community intervention was first presented by Rothman and
colleagues in
the 1970’s. This has been updated and more recently adapted by
Minkler and Wallerstein (2005) to incorporate more recent
thinking
about community organising and building and as shown in
figure
Source Minkler and Wallerstein (2005) p32
Ife (2006 ) (p184, 277) refers to consensus building as
cooperation in decision making. He notes that everyone doesn’t
have to agree
but agree on process and be satisfied that outcome of process
represents the best decision that could be reached in the interest
of
group.
Ife (2006) suggests in a conflict model, the emphasis is on
winning, outmanoeuvring an opponent (who might be a local
authority, a
mining company or some other ‘villain’) or achieving something
at the expense of something or someone else. The conflict
approach is
a competitive model of decision making.
This need-based approach is conceptualised as either more
consensual (community development) or conflict based (social
action). The
newer strength-based models contrast a capacity-building
approach with an empowerment-oriented social action approach.
New

8. public health community initiatives usually have a mix of these
types of interventions. Community initiatives form within state-
funded
institutions can rarely adopt a ‘pure’ social action. Even if
community members and workers are committed to such an
approach, they
are generally limited by the constraints of ensuring fungi
continuity. Often this means adopting a social planning
approach that gives
the appearance, at least, of rationality.
http://library.ecu.edu.au/search/r?SEARCH=hst2120&x=52&y=
13
How this relates to Rothman’s model and application for the
first assessment task where you are asked to :
Discuss the programs in relation to:
Models of community development (such as: locality
development, social planning or the social action model) and
distinguish whether the programs or projects take consensus
building and/or conflict approaches…
1. The Locality development (process-oriented, stressing
consensus and cooperation and aimed at building group identity
and a
sense of community) aligns with the area of community
development and needs based in the above diagram.
2. The Social Planning (task-oriented, focussed on rational-
empirical problem solving, usually by an outside expert)

9. however
there is generally capacity building and is strength based
focusing on community building in the above diagram.
3. The Social Action (both task and process-oriented concerned
with increasing the community’s problem-solving ability and
achieving concrete changes to redress imbalances of power and
privilege between oppressed of disadvantaged group and the
larger society. Generally seen to have conflict strategies that
primarily use advocacy and coalition-building strategies.
Further details of Rothman model is found in an online site
http://www.infed.org/community/b-comorg.htm August 08.
Rothman identified three distinct types of community
organizing:
Locality development: typifies the methods of work with
community groups used by settlement houses
and in 'colonial' community development work. A major focus
is on the process of community building.
Working with a broad, representative cross section of the
community, workers attempt to achieve change
objectives by enabling the community to establish consensus via
the identification of common interests.
Leadership development and the education of the participants
are important elements in the process. In
this approach great store is set by the values of both
participation and leadership.
Brieger (2006) refers to this as Normative re-educative in
approach, Builds on community capacity, Goal is
for problem-solving ability to be sustained and emphasises
community control. The change agent is a
facilitator who is the primary expertise in the process. Emphasis
on local knowledge where there are
mechanisms to organise for change and local technologies to

10. enable change.
Social action: is employed by groups and organizations which
seek to alter institutional policies or to
make changes in the distribution of power. Civil rights groups
and social movements are examples. Their
methods may be, often are, abrasive, and participation is the
value most clearly articulated by those who use
this approach. Both leadership and expertise may be challenged
as the symbolic 'enemies of the people'.
Brieger (2006) more recently refers to communality members
organise themselves to redress imbalances
in power, distribution/access of resources. Process redresses
imbalances of power resource allocation
within a community. It concerns empowerment and
acknowledges that this is something people do for
themselves. Can have a power-coercive approach to change
where change agent as organiser helps the
community identify pressure points. Media advocacy plays a
role in getting the attention of decision
makers.
Social planning: is the method of community organization
traditional to health and welfare councils
although its scope and arena were enlarged in the 1960s to
encompass city planners, urban renewal
authorities and the large public bureaucracies. Effort is focused
primarily on task goals and issues of
resource allocation. Whereas the initial emphasis of this
approach was on the co-ordination of social
services, its attention has expanded to include programme
development and planning in all major social
welfare institutions. Heavy reliance is placed on rational
problem solving and the use of technical methods
such as research and systems analysis. Expertise is the

11. cherished value in this approach, although
leadership is accorded importance as well.
Brieger (2006) refers to typical agency-centred (expert)
approach. Is a prime example used in metro and
regional planning authorities and local governments? Generally
about planning about a problem, not about
the people and appels to ready responders and ofen relies on
social marketing.
These elements are drawn in a fairly extreme way. There is
considerable overlap between the elements - but
the focus on difference is useful in that it points attention to
dimensions such as process, the role of the
plan, and the tension between the state and dominant groups and
those who believe themselves to be
excluded.
This book link by Minkler 2005 p30 pro0vide additional back
ground info on Rothmans model and other
expansions of community development.
M. Minkler (2005) Community organizing and community
building for health 2nd Ed. (pp. 26-50). New
Brunswick, USA: Rutgers University Press
Baum, F (2008) The New Public Health 3 ed Melbourne: Oxford
Press
Brieger, W (2006) Community Change Models, Bloomberg:
John Hopkins School of Public Health
http://www.infed.org/community/b-comorg.htm