PSSE_2nd_generation_Wind_Models_final_Jay.ppsx

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September 2002
2nd Generation Models for Modeling of
Renewable Sources (Wind & PV) in PSS®E
Presented by Jay Senthil and Yuriy Kazachkov, Siemens PTI
Renewable Energy Modeling task Force (REMTF) Workshop, Salt Lake City, June 17, 2014
Siemens Power Technologies International

Discussion Outline
• Representing wind turbines and Photo Voltaic (PV) in PSS®E Power Flow
• PSS®E Dynamic Simulation models of wind turbines and PV systems
• 2nd Generation Generic wind turbine and PV models in PSS®E
• Test results for 2nd Generation wind and PV models
• Parameterization of 2nd Generation Generic Model for Siemens 2.3 MW and 3
MW Wind machines
• Recent developments- Plant controller for multi-unit application
• Issues in Modeling of Wind and PV type devices
• Summary
Page 2

Representation of Wind Turbine
in PSS®E Power Flow
• Wind machine explicitly identified in power flow data
• Reactive power boundary conditions :
• Limits specified by QT and QB (i.e., same a non-wind machines)
• Limits determined from the machine’s active power output and a specified
power factor
• Fixed reactive power setting determined from the machine’s active power
output and a specified power factor (typical for induction machines)
Page 3

Modeling in Power Flow
- Real Power
• Direct MW dispatch as for conventional machines.
• User responsible for aggregation of original wind turbines to equivalent
machines.
Page 4

- Reactive Power
Type 1 and Type 2 WTGs:
• If (for example), Qgen consumed is ½ Pgen (i.e. PF  0.9 under-excited):
For example, for WTG rated at 100 MW; Qgen = Qmin = Qmax = 50
Mvar; may want to provide 50 Mvar shunt capacitors at the
equivalent WTG terminals.
Page 5

- Reactive Power
Type 3 and Type 4 WTGs:
• For fixed power factor (PFref) control,
set Qgen = Qmin = Qmax = Qref = Pgen  tan[arccos (PFref)]
• For steady-state voltage control using WTGs with PF range  0.95,
set Qmax = Pgen  tan[arccos (0.95)] =  Qmin
For example, for 100 MW WPP using WTGs with +/-0.95 PF range,
set Qmax = 33 Mvar and Qmin = 33 Mvar.
Page 6

Source: Dynamic Performance of Wind Power Generation Working Group – IEEE PES PSCE – Seattle, WA
2
1
2
N
n
Z
jX
R
Z
I
i
i
i
eq
eq
eq




 


I
i
i
eq B
B
1
Collector System Equivalencing Methodology
Page 7
Example
(N=18, I=21)
Computation of equivalent collector system parameters
for N wind turbine generators and I branches:

References
[1] WECC Wind Generator Modeling Group, “WECC Wind Power Plant Power
Flow Modeling Guide,” 2008.
[2] Muljadi, E.; Butterfield C.P.; Ellis, A.; Mechenbier, J.; Hocheimer, J.; Young,
R.; Miller, N.; Delmerico, R.; Zavadil, R.; Smith, J. C. “Equivalencing the Collector
System of a Large Wind Power Plant.” IEEE Power Engineering Society, General
Meeting, June 12-16, 2006, Montreal, Quebec.
[3] Wind Modeling IEEE Tutorial. 2008, Pittsburgh, PN; 2009, Seattle, WA
Page 8

Representation of Wind Turbine
in PSS®E Dynamic Simulation
• User prepares dynamic raw data file (“dyr” file) by following example in
modeling package documentation
• Two distinct groups of Wind Models:
• Vendor specific models: are provided as user-written models.
• To represent these machines in power flow, designate the machines
as ‘Not a Wind Machine’ in the PSS®E power flow generator data
record.
• Models can be downloaded from:
• http://w3.usa.siemens.com/smartgrid/us/en/transmission-
grid/products/grid-analysis-tools/transmission-system-
planning/Pages/transmission-system-
planning.aspx?tabcardname=pss%c2%aee%20user%20support
• Generic Wind Models: these models are supplied as part of PSS®E library
Page 9

Generic Wind Models in PSS®E
• Siemens PTI has been closely involved in efforts of various WECC working
groups to develop generic models all 4 types (Types 1 through 4) for wind
turbines.
•
• Idea is to create generic models that are parametrically adjustable to represent
specific wind turbines available in the market.
• All 4 types became standard PSS®E models in Version 32 and above.
Page 10

PSS®E 1st Generation of Generic Wind Models
Above generic model are available
as standard library model starting PSS®E 32
Page 11
Generic model WT1 WT2 WT3 WT4
Generator WT1G WT2G WT3G WT4G
El. Controller WT2E WT3E WT4E
Turbine/shaft WT12T WT12T WT3T
Pitch control WT3P
Pseudo Governor: aerodynamics WT12A WT12A

2nd Generation Generic Wind Turbine Models
• PSS®E 2nd Generation Wind Models consistent with WECC REMTF
recommendations .
• Same set of models to represent different types manufacturers by changing
parameters.
• PSS®E Model names for 2nd generation models:
• REGCAU1: Generator converter model for Types 3, 4 & large scale PV
• REECAU1: Electrical control model for Types 3 & 4
• REECBU1: Electrical control model for large scale PV
• REPCAU1: Plant control model for Types 3 & 4
• WTDTAU1: Drive Train model for Types 3 & 4
• WTPTAU1: Pitch control model for Type 3
• WTARAU1: Aerodynamic model for Type 3
• WTTQAU1: Torque control model for Type 3
• PSS ®E 33.4 and above for 2nd generation wind, PSS®E 33.5 and above for
large scale PV models
Page 12

Testing of 2nd Generation Models
• Details of Test Simulation:
• Time step (Δt = ¼ cycle)
• Run flat (no disturbance) for 1 s
• Apply 3-phase fault at bus 41902, run to 1.1 s
• Remove fault, trip branch between 41901 & 41906, run to 10 s
Page 13
41901
INFINITE
41902
PV HIGH
1.05
2.6
41906
MID LINE
1.05
1.3
5.6 -5.6
-49.0
5.6 -5.6
1
-98.1
11.5R
49.3
-5.6
-49.1
5.6
-49.0
49.2
49.1
1.05
0.0
41903
PV LOW
0.98
8.4
41904
PV LOW2
1.00
9.8
-98.5
11.2
1
98.5
-1.2
-98.5
1.2
100.0
0.3
1.06
41905
PV TERM
1.00
12.7
-100.0
-0.3
1
1
100.0
5.4
1
5.4R
100.0

Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT4 – plot of vt
Page 14

WT4 – plot of pg
Page 15

WT4 – plot of qg
Page 16

WT3 – plot of vt
Page 17

WT3 – plot of pg
Page 18

WT3 – plot of qg
Page 19

PV – plot of vt
Page 20

PV – plot of pg
Page 21

PV – plot of qg
Page 22

Parameterization of 2nd Generation Generic Model
for the 2.3 MW & 3 MW Siemens WT
• The 2nd generation Renewable Energy Generic Model includes several
features that can be successfully used in the course of parameterization of this
model for some vendor’s implementation.
• Couple of examples:
• Low Voltage Power Limit of the generator/converter REGCA module can be
used to simulate ramping up active power after fault clearing
• The drive train WTDTA module can be used for mimicking the action of the
controller responsible for damping of the machine rotor torsional oscillations
• Vdl1/Vdl2 look-up tables of the electrical control REECA module can be used
for simulating the P-Q capability of the unit under fault conditions.
Page 23

2.3 MW Siemens WT
Terminal Voltage (Close-in fault)
Page 24

2.3 MW Siemens WT
Power (Close-in fault)
Page 25

2.3 MW Siemens WT
Reactive current (Close-in fault)
Page 26

Recent Developments
Upgrade of the 2nd Generation RE plant controller
• Generic Renewable Plant Control Model REPCAU1 is designed to interact with
the local control of the single equivalent (aggregated) unit with control of active
and reactive power (Pref and Qref)
• Active power path is used for frequency control. The reactive power path may
be used to control either the POI voltage or reactive power interchange
between the plant and the grid or a power factor at the POI.
• Siemens PTI has upgraded the REPCAU1 model to a new REPCMU1 model
with the capability to supervise multiple WTGs.
• The new REPCMU1 user written model has the same dynamics of the active
and reactive power paths as a standard REPCAU1 model and a provision to
supervise local controls of up to 150 WTGs.
Page 27

Testing with 4 WTGs supervised
by REPCMU1 plant controller
Page 28
POI Voltage (red), Command from the Plant Controller (blue) as a Response to Step Change
in Plant Controller Voltage Reference (black).

Issues in Modeling of Wind & PV type devices
Issue 1: Fictitious Frequency Spikes
• Frequency Spike during and after the fault to prevent fictitious
frequency spikes.
• Problem is very acute in weak systems.
• Causes False Frequency Relay Trips.
• Temporary Solution:
• Disabling Frequency Relay during
fault.
• Long-term Solution:
• Better frequency calculation –
Siemens PTI is investigating this.
Page 29

Issues in Modeling of Wind & PV type devices
Issue 2: Network Non Convergence
• Problem: Network does not converge at the onset of the fault and after
fault clearing
• Possible Cause: During the fault,
• unlike synchronous machines, no inertia to fix Ө, and hence
possibly no voltage angle reference,
• WTG control model tries to control P,Q; it needs voltage angle
reference to compute the complex current for the given Ө.
• PSS®E uses current injection, in the example, voltage is
determined by current: YV = I
Page 30

Summary
• 2nd Generation wind models are available in PSS®E starting Version 33.4.
• 2nd Generation PV models are available in PSS®E starting Version 33.5.
• Models can be parametrically adjusted to represent any specific wind turbines
available in the market.
Page 31

Questions?
Siemens PTI
400 State Street
Schenectady, NY 12305
(518) 395-5013
(518) 395-5132
E-mail:
jayapalan.senthil@siemens.com
yuriy.kazachkov@siemens.com

PSSE_2nd_generation_Wind_Models_final_Jay.ppsx

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