In a variety of cattle, horn growth is controlled by alleles at one locus; allele H for horned and allele h for hornless. Tail growth is determined by another gene locus; allele T for tail (tail present) and allele t for ‘tailless’ (tail). The upper case alleles are completely dominant. The 2 loci segregate independently. There are no interactions between the loci. A bull with horns and tail, mates with females, all hornless and without tails. They have 100 progenies: 8 hornless and tailless, 60 horned with tail, 21 horned and tailless, and 11 hornless with tail. a) Assume that the Chi-Square value was calculated to be 69.04. What is the approximate probability (P-value) of observing such phenotypic data? b) Given the Chi-square value and degrees of freedom, do you “reject” or “fail to reject” the hypothesis that the observed phenotypic data do not deviate from the expected ratio for the phenotypic data? Circle either “reject” or “fail to reject”. Solution (a) approximate probability (P-value) is less than 0.005 Look up the chi-square table to find p-value for the corresponding degrees of freedom p-value <0.05 significant Null hypothesis states no difference between observed and expected ratio. Ifp valueis significant then reject null hypothesis In this given data There is a significant difference between observed and expected frequencies, therefore the alleles are linked These traits do not assort independently.

1. In Python Given two variables iVal and fVal, containing respectively an integer and a double
value, write a statement that writes both of their values to standard output in the following
format: i=iVal f=fVal.
Solution
In Python:
print("i=" + str (iVal) + " f=" + str (fVal))
The above statement writes both of their values to standard output in the given format.