Both mitochondria and chloroplasts... A. obtain electrons from water B. are surrounded by a single membrane C. release oxygen as a by-product D. use chemiosmosis to produce ATP E. use a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to produce ATP F. reduce NAD+, forming NADH Hide response Change response D Solution 1. Answer is D. Both mitochondria and chloroplast use chemiosmosis to produce ATP. Chemiosmosis is the movement of ions across the semi permeable membrane down their electrochemical gradient. Chemiosmosis can be seen in mitochondria and chloroplast and as well as in most bacteria and archaea. Mitochondria use the energy of NADH and FADH2 while the chloroplast uses theNADPH. Protons are produced when the splitting of light occurs that gives a proton gradient. 2. Answer is A. As the electrons flow along the electron transport chain during cellular respiration the pH of intermediate space decreases. In mitochondria , the flow of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen molecule. It is coupled to the uphill transport of protons from the matrix across the inner membrane of mitochondria to the intermembrane space giving the proto motive force..