experiment research

2. EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH

3. Experimental research is one of the
quantitative research methods and is
commonly used in sciences such as
sociology and psychology, physics,
chemistry, biology and medicine.
In education it is useful for determining
and evaluating adequacy and effectiveness
of aims & objectives and serves as
basis for policy formulation

4. definition
Systematic and scientific approach to research
in which the researcher manipulates one or more
variables , controls and measures any change in
other variables

5. J W BEST :
Description & analysis of what will be or what will
occur under carefully controlled conditions
CARTER V GOOD & DOUGLAS :
Experimentation is name given to type of
educational research in which the investigator
controls the educative factors to which a child or
group of children is subjected during the period of
inquiry and observes the resulting achievements

6. Examples:
Quality of learning with an active versus passive
The effects of student questions and teacher questions on concept
acquisition
effect of positive reinforcement on attitude towards school
Impact of AV aids on learning science
Asch Experiment-Will people conform to group behavior
Law Of Segregation -The Mendel Pea Plant Experiment
J .J.Thomson Cathode Ray Experiment

7. Characteristics
Comparison of groups
Control
Variable Manipulation
Randomization
Experimental design
Replication

8. COMPARISON OF GROUPS
experimental group
control or a comparison group
Control
Efforts to remove or minimize the effect of
irrelevant extraneous variables
Internal validity
External validity
Variable Manipulation
Variables are conditions that experimenter
manipulates, controls or observes

9. Treatment Outcome
Experimental Criterion
Independent
Variable
dependent
Variable

10. Independent variables vs Dependent variables
• methods of instruction
• types of assignment
• learning materials
• rewards given to students
• types of questions asked by
teachers
• Achievement
• Level of interest in a subject
• attention span
• motivation
• attitudes toward school.

11. Forms of
Variables
Presence vs
absence
Presence vs
varying degrees
Presence of one kind
vs another kind

12. Randomization
Subjects randomly selected as sample
Subjects randomly selected
Treatment randomly assigned
Experimental design
control & experimental groups
randomization
pretest
treatment
post test
analysis and comparison of results

13. Replication
conducting a no. of sub experiments rather than
one experiment on large scale so results can be
verified

14. STEPS
Selection of problem
Hypothesis
Selection of subject
Measuring instrument
Selection of a design
Execution of procedure
Analysis of data
Formulation of conclusion
Reporting

15. Types of Experimental Designs
Single design
Parallel or equivalent group design
Rotation group design

16. Single design
comparing performance of single individual or group
prior to and after introducing experimental variable
Parallel group design
This type involves comparing the growth of two or more groups of
subjects equivalent in all aspects. One group serves as
experimental group and other as control group
Rotation group design
It is most valid and complicated design and involves rotation of
instructional factors of experimental and control groups at equal
intervals

17. Advantages of Experimental Research
 It is a basic, straightforward, efficient
 Stronger hold over variables to obtain desired results
 Results are extremely specific
 Results can be applied to various other similar aspects.
 Cause and effect of hypothesis is derived so detailed
analysis
 Can be used in association with other research methods.
 Can be applied across a variety of disciplines.
 Results can be checked and verified.
 Achievement of better results

18. limitations
 Chances of human error
 Subjects may not be true representative
 Impossible to control all extraneous variables
 Adhere to ethical standards in order to be valid
 Create artificial situations that all other variables
are tightly controlled