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Sacroiliac joint as a cause of back pain
1. Sacroiliac joint as a cause of back
pain
(underdiagnosed and
misunderstood etiology )
BY D.FAHAD AL-HASANI
ORTHOPAEDIC TRAINEE
BASRA GENERAL HOSPITAL
2.
3. Sacroiliac joint anatomy & biomechanics
It is the joint that connect the spine with the pelvis
It is a true diarthodial joint :which is characterized by the presence of a layer of fibrocartilage or
hyaline cartilage that lines the opposing bony surfaces, as well as a lubricating synovial fluid
within the synovial cavity.
It has sacral concave surface covered by hyaline cartilage and convex Iliac surface covered by
thin fibrocartilage
It has minimal movement and it is induced by movement of other joint and it is about of less
than 4 degree of rotation and less than 1.6 mm of translation.
It has the ability to resist shear forces by strong ligaments.
while the SI Joint is vulnerable to shear during rotation or translation, compression of the joint
allows it to resist shear
4. Those structures that produce joint compression include the interosseous ligaments and the
joint capsule including strong posterior ligaments protecting the network of adjacent nerves.
The muscles that help stabilize the SI Joint include the piriformis, the psoas, the illiacus, the
glutes, and the hamstrings. The hamstring muscles do not cross the SI Joint but may be
associated with SI Joint disorder
10. SYMPTOMS
Stabbing back pain (as a dagger )
Buttock pain or back of thigh or groin pain or even knee pain
Pain while setting and frequent change of posture
Pain going from sitting to standing and vice versa
Sleep disturbance (difficulty in turnover in bed)
Tingling and numbness in lower extremity
11. Clinical examination
Full lumbar spine examination
Hip examination to exclude hip joint pathology
SI joint examination :
FABERS test
Gaenslen test
Distraction test
Compression test
Thigh thrust
Yoemann’s test
Gillets test (stork test )
14. Investigation
BLOOD TEST : CBC , ESR. CRP , HLA B 27 , ALK
PALIN X RAY (INLET AND OUTLET VIEW )
MRI (HIPAND LUMBOSACRAL)
DIAGNOSTIC INJECTION UNDER FLUROSCOPE GUIDANCE
Local anesthetic aloneDuration of relief concordant with that of anesthetic action
Proper technique important
◦ Single vs. 2 or more injections on separate occasionsLA’s of varying duration to help
validate dx
•Local plus steroidDiagnostic and therapeutic
Longer effect duration