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CIS518001VA016-1204-001 - Advanced Software
Engineering
Week 4 Assignment 2 Submission
D'Laine Patrick on Wed, May 06 2020, 9:59 PM
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REQUIREMENTS 1
REQUIREMENTS 11
REQUIREMENTS D’Laine Patrick
CIS 518: 1 Advanced Software Engineering

Introduction
2 From the previous assignment where I worked on developing a
Web-based registration for the student system.
This web-based platform was structure to allow all the students
be in a position to report for lessons, authenticate
their documents as well as pick classes which they are fit to
register. This web-based system registers all
students, prepares the invoice registration and printing the
confirmation receipts. 3 I also created the project
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strategy proposal for the senior management as well as they
appreciated it, offering one with the green light to
begin a project. This paper is focused on explaining the function
of the web-based system.
4 Select a requirement specification technique that you would
use to state the requirements of this software
system and explain the reasons for the selection.
Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is explained as a
comprehensive description for the predetermined
purpose as well as environment for the software
underdevelopment. Software Requirements Specification (SRS)
is fully explained as what the software describes what services
the software will operate as well as the ways it
will be anticipated to operate and perform. 4 The parameters
that incorporate response time, operating speed,
portability, footprint, speed, security and availability of
recovery form the hostile events that are evaluated. 5
The advantages of SRS:
· Minimize the advancement effort · Offer the foundation for
minimizing schedules and costs.
· Give a baseline meant for verification and validation · Create
the basis for contract amid the clients as well as
the suppliers on the function of the software product.
4 The Software Requirements Specification (SRS) for
registration using the web-based system that shall address:
a) Functionality: this specific system, the students should be in
a position to reach the system using the internet
explorer from all the regions. 4 Students with valid ID will be
in a position to log in and the new students will be
able to request for their ID utilizing this functionality. Once
this request is approved and received by the program
it will and accepted by the system it will therefore generate
other credentials and valid login ID. Students will:
· Able to view the list of their courses and see their availability.

· Be able to select the request and the curses for the
registration.
· Uses the system to validate for the prerequisite as well as
other validations · The students will then receive
approval or receive rejection and if they are rejected the system
will offer the reason behind the rejection ·
Students will also receive a confirmation report after
completing the registration.
b) External interfaces: this interface should explain how the
registration software connects with individuals, the
hardware system, other software and other hardware systems
(Japanga, 2016).
c) Performance: 4 what is the availability, speed, recovery time,
response time of diverse software operation that
should be within the suitable norms?
d) Attributes: 4 student registration web-based system need to
be portable, maintainable, correct, and secured.
Student web-based registration system Software Requirements
Specification (SRS) need to be:
i. Correct – it is required for the specification to be precise and
correct. The discipline behind this is keeping the
requirements up to date in case one finds things not to be
correct.
ii. Unambiguous – there is need that every single part of the
registration system that can be clearly identified.
iii. 4 Complete – another requirement is that the system need to
be complete from the first stage of logging in
verification to the registration and the production of the
confirmation report.
iv. Consistent - Software Requirements Specification (SRS)
need to be fully consistent to itself as well as
consistent to the document references.
v. 4 Verifiable – there should be no needs like- "It should
provide the user a fast response."
vi. Modifiable – it may not be considered wrong to have the
same requirement more than one sector, however, it

makes the documents to look unmaintainable.
4 Specify the requirements for registering a student for a class
based on the selected technique. You can make
any assumptions that you need to complete the specification as
long as you state them clearly in the response.
A software requirement can simply be stated as something that
matters to an individual who mostly matters. A
software need might partake a form of something from the
highest-level, abstract statement of the constraints
services to be a formal specification and detailed. This means
that the requirements desirable for the registration
of student for a session are;
System requirement: for the system to be improved need to have
the following needs · Registration from the
online services form all regions.
6 · Online confirmation of the user ID as well as other
credentials · Online outlook of courses available along
with relevant information · Online validation registration · The
administrator has the mandate to give authority
to offer members entree to the scheme
Hard ware requirement
Standalone physical Database servers, Web application will be
utilized. 7 The servers consist of 8processors with
2.8GHz, 10TB and 32 GB memory of the separated Hard disks.
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4 Software Requirements · C#, ASP.NET is known as the front
END that is intended to seem simple, general
and modern purpose; object concerned with the programming

language for the users’ developers. 4 The
implementation and language should offer the software
engineering principles like the strong form checking,
detection of trials, array bound inspection to utilize non
initialized types along with automatic garbage
assortment software robustness, programmer productivity and
durability are necessary.
· Microsoft SQL Server 2016: The Backend Database is
considered as the interactive database attendant, whose
prime function that will be stored as well as retrieve the data as
entreated by the administrators/ users through
the visible end request.
8 · HTML, “XML is the Hypertext Markup Language and
Extensible markup Language are the predominant
markup languages for web pages. 4 It provides means to
describe the structure of text-based information in a
document and to supplement that text with interactive forms,
embedded images and other objects.” · CSS: this is
the Cascading Style Sheet that is utilized for handling and
organizing design HTML for the web pages.
· HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the service decorum
(Hirose, 2015).
· Operating system: the windows server 2016 effective program
will be utilized for all the application as well as
database servers Create the necessary diagrams through the use
of graphical tools
Utilize the case model: 4 utilization of case model designed for
the object oriented software growth which they
focus on what the client need to function with the platform.
This is a powerful approach as compared with the
traditional approach. It is utilized a collection of pictures and
texts for them to improve the comprehension of the
needs (Hirose, 2015). 4 The utilization case described ‘what of
a system and not how of a system’. They only
offer the functional system view.
5 Write a validation and verification plan to validate and verify

the requirement
Software Requirements Specification (SRS) verification is the
procedure of accessing to identify whether items
of a specific development phase offers the conditions offered at
the beginning of the phase. On the other hand,
the software validation is explained as the procedure for
checking software on the development procedure to
check whether it offers specific requirements (Boehm, 2015).
Software verification is the process of ensuring
that the items has been created according to the design
specifications and requirements, while the software
validation make sure that the items actually achieve the clients’
needs as well as the specifications that are
correct from the first word go (Boehm, 2015).
4 Through definition, verification incorporates the judgment
amid the needs baseline as well as the successive
modifications coming from the product design, database,
detailed design as well as documentation for them to
keep the refinements that are consistent with the needs baseline.
The verification operation start in the item
design phase while it concludes with the test for acceptance.
They do not cause changes in the need baseline but
the cause changes in the descending refinements achieved from
it.
4 Reliable Input Handling “a. Are input codes engineered for
reliable data entry?
b. 4 Do inputs include some appropriate redundancy as a basis
for error checking?
c. 4 Will the software properly handle unspecified inputs?
e. 4 Are man-machine dialogues easy to understand and use for
the expected class of users?
d. 4 Are records kept of the inputs for later failure analysis or
recovery needs?
e. 4 Are there provisions for proper initialization of control
options, data values, and peripheral devices?
f. 4 Are there design standards for internal error checking? Are

they being followed?
g. 4 Are the numerical methods—algorithms, tolerances, tables,
constants—sufficiently accurate for operational
needs?
h. 4 Are there requirements for clear, helpful error messages?
i. 4 Are data base diagnostics specified for checking the
consistency, reasonableness, standards compliance,
completeness, and access control of the data base?
j. 4 Are there adequate provisions for backup and recovery
capabilities?
k. 4 Have these provisions been validated by means of a Failure
Modes and Effects Analysis? (Boehm, 2015).”
References
Boehm, Barry. (2015). 4 Guidelines for Verifying and
Validating Software Requirements and Design
Specifications. 5 Retrieved from
http://csse.usc.edu/TECHRPTS/1979/usccse79-501/usccse79-
501.pdf
Hirose, Michitaka. (2015). Software Engineering: 4 Approach
(Fourth Edition ed.) 47(2), 31:1-31:36. 5
doi:10.1145/2659796
Japanga, Robert. (2016). 4 How to write a software
requirements specification. 5 Retrieved from
http://www.microtoolsinc.com/Howsrs.php
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Rouse, Margrat (2017). 4 Software requirements specification.
Retrieved from
http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/software-
requirements-specification
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Legislative Branch
Who are the members of Congress? Compare their
characteristics to those of the US population.
What factors influence congressional elections? Why does

incumbency play such a large role?
How is Congress organized to make policy? What are the major
institutional differences between the House and the Senate?
What are the important roles played by leaders, committees,
caucuses, and staff?
What is the process by which a bill become a law? What factors
help explain congressional decisions?
Congress 11.1
Congress 11.2
Who are the members of Congress? Compare their
characteristics to those of the US population.
The Members
Power and pay: $174,000 (about 3 times the typical American
family) and generous retirement benefits. Oh yes, and the
potential for a much higher salary once you leave office (as a
lobbyist).
Number and Length of Terms
Lower House: House of Representatives – 435 (2-year terms)
Upper House: Senate – 100 members (6-year terms)
Constitutional Qualifications
House: at least 25 years old and be an American citizen for 7
years.
Senate: at least 30 years old and be an American citizen for 9
years.
Makeup of the Congress
Members of Congress look very different than the average
American – they are very atypical.

Note the difference between substantive and descriptive
representation.
Descriptive: do members mirror the personal, political relevant
characteristics of citizens?
Substantive: do members reflect the interests and policy
positions of the district citizens?
Congress 11.3
Congress 11.4
What factors influence congressional elections? Why does
incumbency play such a large role?
Congressional Elections
Incumbency is a major factor that affects elections to the
Congress.
Incumbents have advantages that make them likely to win
reelection.
Congress 11.5
Incumbency Advantages in Congressional Elections
Congress 11.6
Sources of incumbency advantage:
Advertising: The goal is visibility and demonstrating to
constituents that the legislator is working hard for the citizens.
Credit claiming
Casework
Pork barrel projects: federal money to the district for projects.
Position taking
Weak opponents

Campaign spending
Congress 11.7
How is Congress organized to make policy? What are the major
institutional differences between the House and the Senate?
Institutional Features
Bicameral Congress as provided by the Constitution.
Some institutional features are common to both houses – such as
the presence of committees that do much of the work.
But there are some key differences, most notably: the House is
more centralized and more hierarchical than the Senate.
Congress 11.8
House versus Senate: Some Key Differences
Congress 11.9
Other key institutional differences between the chambers:
The House has a Rules Committee that has a great deal of
power. It performs a “traffic cop” function and gives each bill a
“rule” that schedules the bill, sets time limits for debate, and
can specify the types of amendments that can be offered. The
Speaker now appoints the members of this very powerful
committee.
Unlike in the House where debate on a bill can be ended with a
majority vote, in the Senate, a filibuster is possible. This is “a
strategy unique to the Senate whereby opponents of a piece of
legislation try to talk it to death, based on the tradition of
unlimited debate.” It requires 60 Senators present and voting to
invoke cloture to end debate.

Congress 11.10
What are the important roles played by leaders, committees,
caucuses, and staff?
Congressional Leadership
HOUSE
Speaker of the House
Majority and Minority Leaders
Majority and Minority Whips
SENATE
President of the Senate, President Pro-Tempore
Majority Leader and Minority Leaders
Congress 11.11
Committees
There are four types of committees:
Standing committees
Joint committees
Conference committees
Select committees
Committee actions:
“mark-up” stage
oversight
Caucuses
Congressional Staff
GAO
CBO

Congress 11.12
What is the process by which a bill become a law? What factors
help explain congressional decisions?
How does a bill become a law?
Note the steps in the process.
Bills follow parallel processes in the House and the Senate.
Ultimately, both houses must pass the same version of the bill
before being sent to the president.
Congress 11.13
How a Bill Becomes a Law
Congress 11.14
Success or failure determined by a variety of factors
Presidential support.
Political party.
Ideology.
Constituency pressures.
Trustees: legislators should use their best judgement to make
policy in the interests of the people.
Instructed delegate: legislators should make policy that mirrors
the preferences of their constituents.
Lobbyists and Interest Groups.
Congress 11.15
Increasing Polarization in Congress

11.4
Congress 11.16
Another Way to View Increasing Polarization in Congress
16
This figure lays out two paths for how a bill can become a law.
Activity: As a fun introductory exercise, screen the School
House Rock video “I’m Just a Bill” available on YouTube at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tyeJ55o3El0. For a more
detailed assignment, ask students to prepare, either in the
written form of “script” or an actual video, your own
supplement that adds to the simple version presented your more
sophisticated understanding of committees, congressional
decision making, interest groups, and constituencies that
actually fashion how bills become laws.
Congress 11.17
Increasing Polarization in the US House:
Agreement Between Party Members 1949-2011
Report #3: Representation in the U.S. House
You are to write a brief report on a current member of the U.S.
House of Representatives that I will randomly assign to you. A
list of assignments for each student will appear in this week’s
block by the fourth week of classes.
Assigned to write a brief report on (MIKE ROGERS U.S. House
Alabama District 3)
Before beginning this assignment, make certain that you have
read Chapter 11 in your text (“Congress”). The only source you

will need for writing the report is the Project Vote Smart web
site that can be accessed here: Project Vote Smart
Using the tabs at the top of the website, locate the information
needed for answering the questions below. The report should
contain three separate sections that address all the points in
each question. Notice the expected word count for each section
(exceeding the word count will not negatively affect your grade,
but please try to stay within the range).
1. Provide basic biographical information about the member.
What is their current or past occupation, education level, party
affiliation, past political experiences, leadership positions held,
etc.? This information can be found under the “Bio” tab.
(approximately 200-250 words)
2. Characterize the member’s typical roll call voting patterns
based on their votes on specific issues and rating scores
compiled by interest groups (found under “Votes” and “Ratings”
tabs). Would you describe the member’s voting as mostly
conservative, mostly liberal, or somewhere in between? Cite
examples to justify your characterization. (approximately 200-
250 words)
3. Where does the member receive the bulk of his or her
campaign contributions (found under “Funding” tab)? What
industries or professions provide a significant portion of the
member’s campaign funds? Provide examples. (approximately
100-150 words)
Be careful not to plagiarize. If you want to quote from the Vote
Smart website, do so using quotation marks and indicate where
the quote is found. But try to do this sparingly and simply use
your own words in addressing the questions.
In your writing, use an analytical tone that is free of your
personal opinions. In other words, try to answer the questions in
a straightforward and objective manner.
Link: Project Vote Smart
PLEASE NOTE: When using the Project Vote Smart web site
you may be asked to make a financial contribution to their
organization. It is not necessary to make a contribution in order

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