1 Running head: THE COLONIZATION OF VIETNAMESE 6 THE COLONIZATION OF VIETNAMESE The French Colonization of Vietnam American Intercontinental University Oscar Hernandez Kristina Jantz HUMA215 According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006), Colonization is the process of forming a settlement or what is called a colony by a people in a foreign land. The process usually involves taking political control of countries and territories and over the indigenous populations that are found there. Colonization is accompanied by mass immigration to the new territory from the mother nation (the colonizing nation) and the introductions of customs and the culture of the settlers largely at the expense of the culture and way of life of the indigenous populations. Examples of colonization include the British occupation of Australia, North America and Canada and the Spanish conquest of Argentina, Cuba, and Chile. Motives for colonization are many according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006) and they include; the control of trade routes, to gain strategic military positions in key areas on the globe, to develop new markets for goods and services for the industries of the mother nation, to keep up with rival nations and to acquire and control the resources of the territories. Some of the other reasons forwarded as grounds for colonization include civilizing the natives The French colonization of Vietnam The French colonization of Vietnam was part of the larger strategy to occupy the Indochina territories that began in the 17th century (Groslier, 1967). The first contact involved a mission by the Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes at a time when the Vietnamese were occupying the Mekong Delta. In the 18th century, the French involvement in Vietnam and Indochina was restricted to trade but things took a different turn in the 19th century when the French military began to make interventions. One of these reasons was that there were incidences involving French missionaries who were often killed or expelled from Vietnam. France was also competing with other European countries such as Britain and the Dutch for control of the trade routes and the resources in the area. The French were seeking suitable geographical positions to promote international trade, gain military advantage and promote French culture in the region. Napoleon III ordered the invasion of Vietnam in 1857, and Vietnam soon fell to the French as the Vietnamese lacked the weapons and the technology to resist the invasion. In 1862, the Vietnamese and the French signed peace treaties that gave the French control over southern Vietnam. After 21 years and in 1883, the French were also able to conquer Northern Vietnam and called the region Tonkin. The two areas were combined and called French Indochina. The French colonization of Indochina lasted until 1954 after a series of successful revolts such as the First Indochina War. The state of Vietnam wa.

1. 1
Running head: THE COLONIZATION OF VIETNAMESE
6
THE COLONIZATION OF VIETNAMESE
The French Colonization of Vietnam
American Intercontinental University
Oscar Hernandez
Kristina Jantz
HUMA215
According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006),
Colonization is the process of forming a settlement or what is

2. called a colony by a people in a foreign land. The process
usually involves taking political control of countries and
territories and over the indigenous populations that are found
there. Colonization is accompanied by mass immigration to the
new territory from the mother nation (the colonizing nation) and
the introductions of customs and the culture of the settlers
largely at the expense of the culture and way of life of the
indigenous populations. Examples of colonization include the
British occupation of Australia, North America and Canada and
the Spanish conquest of Argentina, Cuba, and Chile.
Motives for colonization are many according to the Stanford
Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2006) and they include; the control
of trade routes, to gain strategic military positions in key areas
on the globe, to develop new markets for goods and services for
the industries of the mother nation, to keep up with rival nations
and to acquire and control the resources of the territories. Some
of the other reasons forwarded as grounds for colonization
include civilizing the natives
The French colonization of Vietnam
The French colonization of Vietnam was part of the larger
strategy to occupy the Indochina territories that began in the
17th century (Groslier, 1967). The first contact involved a
mission by the Jesuit missionary Alexandre de Rhodes at a time
when the Vietnamese were occupying the Mekong Delta. In the
18th century, the French involvement in Vietnam and Indochina
was restricted to trade but things took a different turn in the
19th century when the French military began to make
interventions. One of these reasons was that there were
incidences involving French missionaries who were often killed
or expelled from Vietnam.
France was also competing with other European countries such
as Britain and the Dutch for control of the trade routes and the
resources in the area. The French were seeking suitable
geographical positions to promote international trade, gain
military advantage and promote French culture in the region.

3. Napoleon III ordered the invasion of Vietnam in 1857, and
Vietnam soon fell to the French as the Vietnamese lacked the
weapons and the technology to resist the invasion. In 1862, the
Vietnamese and the French signed peace treaties that gave the
French control over southern Vietnam. After 21 years and in
1883, the French were also able to conquer Northern Vietnam
and called the region Tonkin. The two areas were combined and
called French Indochina. The French colonization of
Indochina lasted until 1954 after a series of successful revolts
such as the First Indochina War. The state of Vietnam was the
first to gain independence in 1949, followed by the
independence of the Kingdoms of Laos in and Cambodia in
1953. The Geneva accord of 1954 paved the way for eventual
withdraw of the French from Vietnam signaling an end to the
French Indochina.
Positive effects of the French colonization of Vietnam
There were many positive results of the French involvement in
the Indochina region. One of the more noticeable positive
contributions was in education. It was the French missionaries
that opened primary schools and conducted lessons in both the
Vietnamese and the French languages. The French also
introduced university education in Vietnam the colonial
government, for instance, established the University of Hanoi in
1902. Vietnamese students were also allowed to attend schools
and colleges in France although their number was greatly
reduced.
Negative impacts of French colonization in Vietnam
The French conquest of the Indochina region was occasioned by
a lot of suffering and deprivation of the indigenous populations.
The occupation was brought about using military force, and this
resulted in the loss of life of many Vietnamese in their struggle
to defend their nation from the invaders. The Vietnamese
society also faced rapid transformation and the social upheavals
that followed the colonization of the territories greatly affected
the cultural and institutional set up of the indigenous
populations an example was the introduction of Christianity a

4. religion that was profoundly different from the Buddhism and
Confucianism practiced by the natives. The French also oversaw
the destruction of many religious monuments in the region some
of which had stood unchanged for centuries.
The impacts of one culture colonizing another
When a people colonize another people, it impacts the two
cultures and the societies in question. (Page & Sonnenburg,
2003) notes that the society whose culture is affected the most
by colonization is one whose people are colonized. Some of the
impacts of a culture colonizing another include the introduction
of a dominant foreign language. The dominant language is
usually that of the colonizer and is used in official government
business, in schools, and in public administration. The
consequence of this use of foreign language is that it diminishes
the status of the indigenous languages examples of countries
which continue to use foreign languages at the expense of local
tongues in the conduct of their affairs include former British
colonies such as Kenya, South Africa, North America plus many
more.
Page & Sonnenburg (2003), note that colonization also leads to
the introduction of new norms into the new societies. These
norms include new political structures, religions, social
relations such as redefining the relationship between a man and
a woman. The French for instance introduced the republican
form of government in many of their former colonies as well as
Christianity. They also introduced the concept of human rights
and the rights of women. The value of education and training
was also a norm that was introduced by the colonialist as an
extension of their culture.
The interaction of two cultures due to colonization also results
to ethnic and group rivalry. The culture of the colonizers is
always portrayed as being superior to that of the indigenous
population, and this creates ethnic and group rivalry. In
Vietnam as was the case in other French colonies, the French
culture was presented as being superior to that of the indigenous
people and this leads to marginalization and resentment of the

5. occupiers. Not to mention it exuberates inequality because
success in the society is measured in terms of how much one is
in tune with the “superior culture”.
Lastly, colonization of a territory leads to the formation of
diaspora populations that change political, economic and the
social landscapes of the territories that they occupy. At times
the diaspora populations go on to become the majority such as
is the case in North America, Australia, South America and New
Zealand where whites are the majority although they are
descendants of colonizers.
References
Asian-nation.org,. (2015). Viet Nam -- The Lessons of
Colonialism : Asian-Nation :: Asian American History,
Demographics, & Issues. Retrieved 6 December 2015, from
http://www.asian-nation.org/colonialism.shtml
Groslier, B. (1967). Indochina. Cleveland: World Pub. Co.
Infogr.am,. (2015). FRENCH IMPERIALISM IN INDOCHINA
(VIETNAM) - Infogram, charts & infographics. Retrieved 6
December 2015, from https://infogr.am/french-imperialism-in-
indochina-vietnam
Kohn, M. (2006). Colonialism. Plato.stanford.edu. Retrieved 6
December 2015, from
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/colonialism/
Page, M., & Sonnenburg, P. (2003). Colonialism. Santa Barbara,
Calif. [u.a.]: ABC-CLIO.
Reliability and Validity Matrix
For each of the tests of reliability and validity listed on the
matrix, prepare a 50 word description of the test’s application.
Describe what conditions these reliability types would be used
for, as well as when they would be inappropriate. Then, for each
test, prepare a 50 word description of the strengths and a 50
word description of the weaknesses.

6. Test of reliability
Application and appropriateness
Advantages
Disadvantages
Internal consistency
Test or retest
Parallel and alternate forms
Test of validity
Application and appropriateness
Strengths
Weaknesses
Content validity
Criterion related

7. Construct
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