1. Bowen, W. G., & Bok, D. (1998). The shape of the river: Long-term consequences of
considering race in college and university admissions. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press.
Smedley, B. D., Meyers, H. F., & Harrell, S. P. (1993). Minority-status stresses and the
college adjustment of ethnic minority freshman. Journal of Higher Education, 64,
434–452.
Massey, D. S., Charles, C. Z., Lundy, G. F., & Fischer, M. J. (2002). The source of the
river: The social origins of freshmen at America’s selective colleges and universities.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
King, J. E. (2002). Crucial choices: How students’ financial decisions affect their academic
success. Washington, DC: American Council on Education.
Hurtado, S., Carter, D., & Spuler, A. (1996). Latino student transition to college: Assessing
difficulties and factors in successful college adjustment. Research in Higher Education,
37, 135–157.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1998). Stereotype threat and the test performance of academically
successful African Americans. In C. E. Jencks & M. Phillips (Eds.), The
Black-White test score gap (pp. 401– 427). Washington, DC: Brookings Institute.
Mayo, J. R., Murguia, E., & Padilla, R. V. (1995). Social integration and academic performance
among minority university students. Journal of College Student Development,
36, 542–552.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance
of African Americans. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 69,
797–811.
National Center for Educational Statistics. (2001). Integrated postsecondary education
data system. Washington, DC: Author.
Van Gennep, A. (1960). The rites of passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Davis, R. (1991). Social support networks and undergraduate student academic-successrelated
outcomes: A comparison of black students on black and white campuses. In W.
R. Allen, E. G. Epps, & N. Z. Haniff (Eds.), African American students in predominately
White and in historically Black public universities (pp. 143 –157). Albany:
State University of New York Press.
