For your signature assignment, compose a 3- to 4-page case analysi.docx

For your signature assignment, compose a 3- to 4-page case
analysis (in addition to a title, abstract, and a reference page)
written in APA format with at least 3 references, with one non-
Internet reference.
The following should be covered in the paper:
• Title page: Case title, full name, section, date, instructor, and
campus
• Abstract: Summarize the case.
• Introduction: Explain the physiological importance of the
liver, pancreas, and kidneys for the proper functioning of the
human body.
• Body: Respond to the prompts. Organize your analysis with
headings that thoroughly answer the prompts (e.g., “Calcium
and Sodium Imbalance” should be the heading for question 1).
• Conclusion: Summarize the paper in a paragraph. By
submitting this paper, you agree to the following:
End-Stage Kidney Disease Sarah, a 63-year-old female with a
past medical history significant for diabetes mellitus, cirrhosis,
gout, and a 30-pack a year smoking history presents to the
emergency room with chest pain revealing pericarditis in the
echocardiogram, secondary to recently diagnosed end-stage
renal disease. Physical examination reveals yellowish
discoloration to the skin and sclera, multiple bruises, 2+
bilateral edema, and weakness lasting more than three weeks.
Her medications include Glisten, a new drug for diabetes that
causes ATP sensitive potassium channels to close, thereby
releasing insulin. Her recent laboratory results are as follows:
CBC Sodium 126 mEq/L
Glucose 220 mmol/L
Calcium 7.1 mg/dl
Red blood cell count 3.9 cells/ul
Vitals Blood Pressure 92/64 mmHg
Blood Gases pH 7.28 CO2 30 mmHg
HCO3 12 mmol/L Hormone Panel Renin Low ADH Elevated

Aldosterone Low Vitamins Vit D Low Vit K Low Vit E Low Vit
A Low Urine and Stool Sample Stool color Gray Stool content
Increased Fat Content Urine color White Rev 12-17-17 Please
address each of the following regarding Sarah’s case:
1. Explain the cause for her low calcium and sodium levels.
2. Explain the cause of her anemia. What laboratory test should
indicate she is suffering from anemia?
3. Explain the cause of her hypotension. How will her body
attempt to establish homeostasis?
4. What type of acid-base disorder has she developed, and how
will her body compensate?
5. Explain the cause of her elevated ADH and glucose levels.
6. What is the correlation between her illnesses and the low
vitamins (D, K, E, and A), renin, and aldosterone levels?
7. Which hormone would the body elevate in response to her
low calcium levels? Why? 8. Explain the physiological reason
behind her physical findings (yellowish hint of the skin, sclera,
multiple bruises, weakness, and edema). 9. Explain the cause of
her abnormal stool and urine sample. 10. What cell does Glisten
work on? Explain how this medication is able to stimulate
insulin secretion.
Chapter 9
Informal Reports
1
Today’s Agenda
Informational and analytical reports
Direct and indirect organization
Informal and formal styles
Report formats

Effective headings
Data and research
Today’s Agenda
Report formats
Effective headings
Data and research
Reporting in the Workplace
Status of tasks, projects, and work in progress.
Oral, e-mail messages, PDF files, or slide decks.
Three Main Purposes of Business Reports
Convey
information
1
Here’s info for
you.
Answer questions
2

Here’s your answer.
Solve problems
3
Here’s one solution.
5
Characteristics
of Business Reports
Report
Functions
Organizational Strategies
Direct
Indirect
Analytical reports
Informational reports
i
Informational Reports
i
Present data
without analysis or recommendations
Are routine and often periodic

Analytical Reports
Provide data or findings, analyses, and conclusions
May also supply recommendations
Intend to persuade readers
Today’s Agenda
Report formats
Effective headings
Data and research
Recommendation Reports
Include a discussion of pros, cons, and costs.
Direct Strategy
Explain the problem or need briefly.
Announce the recommendation, solution, or action concisely
and
with action verbs.
Explain more fully the benefits of the recommendation or steps
necessary to solve the problem.
Conclude with a summary specifying the recommendation and
necessary action.

Discuss alternative solutions, beginning with the least likely to
succeed.
Indirect Strategy
Refer to the problem in general terms in the subject line or title.
Describe the problem or need your recommendation addresses.
Use specific examples, supporting statistics, and authoritative
quotations to lend credibility.
Ask for authorization to proceed, if necessary.
Indirect Strategy
Present the most promising alternative (your recommendation)
last.
Show how the advantages of your recommendation outweigh its
disadvantages.
Summarize your recommendation. Specify the action it requires,
if appropriate.
Today’s Agenda
Report formats
Effective headings
Data and research

Report Writing Style
Conversational language
Informal
Style
Friendly, casual tone
First-person pronouns, contractions
Shorter sentences, familiar words
Report Writing Style
Absence of humor, figures of speech, “editorializing”
Formal
Style
Emphasis on objectivity, accuracy, fairness
Professional distance between writer and reader
May use third person
(“the researcher”) and passive voice
Your Group Project: Should it be…
□ Informational □ Analytical □ Recommendation
□ Direct Strategy □ Indirect Strategy
□ Formal Writing Style □ Informal Writing Style
□ Formal Report □ Informal Report
□ Letter Format □ Memo Format

18
Your Group Project: Should it be…
□ Informational □ Analytical □ Recommendation
□ Direct Strategy □ Indirect Strategy
□ Formal Writing Style □ Informal Writing Style
√
√
√ or
√
√
□ Formal Report □ Informal Report
√ (Chapter 9)
□ Letter Format □ Memo Format
√
19
Today’s Agenda
Report formats
Effective headings
Data and research
20

Report Formats
(often as PDF document sent by
e-mail)
(often with
e-mail
cover note)
Preprinted Forms
(as a slide deck and other formats)
Digital
Manuscript
Memo
Letter
21
Informational Report –
Letter Format
Use letter format for short, informal reports sent to outsiders.
Organize the facts section into logical divisions identified by
consistent headings.
Tips for Letter Reports:

22
Letter Format
Single-space the body.
Double-space between paragraphs.
Leave one or two blank lines above each side heading.
23
Letter Format
Create side margins of 1 to 1¼ inches.
Add a second-page heading, if necessary, consisting of the
addressee’s name, the date, and the page number.
24
Analytical Report – Memo Format
Use memo format for short (ten or fewer pages) informal reports
within an organization.
Tips for Memo Reports:
Leave side margins of 1 to 1¼ inches.
Sign your initials on the From line.
Consider attaching the memo to a cover
e-mail for delivery.

25
Informal Reports–
E-Mail and Memo Formats
Tips for E-Mail
and Memo Reports:
Chunk similar information into groups for quick comprehension.
Use concise headings to quickly identify groups.
26
Informal Reports –
E-Mail and Digital Formats
PDF documents are a popular delivery format.
Some reports are animated and may be hyperlinked to other
content.
Slide presentations can be converted to video.
Slide decks are a condensed image-rich format not intended for
verbal delivery.
27

Today’s Agenda
Report formats
Effective headings
Data and research
28
Effective Report Headings
1
Write short but clear headings.
Experiment with wording that tells who, what, when, where,
why, and how.
2
Include at least one heading per report page.
3
29
Effective Report Headings

4
Try to create headings that are parallel.
Creating Team Motivation
Treating Employees Like Customers
Construct a hierarchy of heading levels using placement, size,
and font.
5
Don’t use more than three heading levels.
6
30
Levels of Report Headings
TITLE
The title of a report, chapter heading, or major part should be
centered in all caps.
First-Level Heading
A first-level heading is centered and bolded. It uses a smaller
font size, and only primary words are capitalized.
Second-Level Heading
A second-level heading divides the topics introduced by the

first level heading. It is bolded and left-aligned.
Third-Level Heading. Because it is part of the paragraph that
follows, a third-level heading is also called a paragraph
heading.
14 pt. sans serif font
2 inches
2 blank lines
2 blank lines
2 blank lines
1 blank line
1 blank line
1 blank line
31
Types of Headings
Functional Headings
Executive Summary
Introduction
Findings
Discussion
Talking Headings
The Best Business Laptop Money Can Buy
Tablet Computers Displace Notebooks
Texting: The New Smoking Gun
What’s New in
Social Media?

32
Types of Headings
Combination Headings
Background:
How Apple Won
Personnel: The Savvy Workforce
Production Costs: The Investment Is Paying Off
33
Problem Statement and Statement of Purpose
Page 260-261 in Text
Your group must submit both these documents to me by
Tuesday, 4/30/19
35
Problem Statement

36
Statement of Purpose
37
Today’s Agenda
Report formats
Effective headings
Data and research
38
Defining the Purpose
and Gathering Data
1
Analyze the problem and purpose.
2
Anticipate the audience and issues.
3

Prepare a work plan.
4
Conduct research.
39
Defining the Purpose
and Gathering Data
5
Organize, analyze, interpret, and illustrate the data.
6
Compose the first draft.
7
Edit, proofread, and evaluate.
40
Gathering Information From Primary and Secondary Sources
Surveys and questionnaires
Observation
Electronic resources

Printed material
Company records
41
Today’s Agenda
Report formats
Effective headings
Data and research
Short informational reports
42
Trip, Convention, and
Conference Reports
Use headings and bullets to enhance readability.
Identify the event (name, date, and location).
Preview the topics to be discussed.
Summarize the
main topics that
might benefit others in the organization.

43
Trip, Convention, and
Conference Reports
Submit
itemized expenses,
if requested, separately.
Express appreciation.
Mention the value of the trip or event.
Offer to share the information.

44
Progress, or Interim, Reports
Specify the purpose and nature of the project.
Provide background information if necessary.
Describe the work completed so far.
Explain the work currently in progress, including activities,
methods used, and locations.
Describe any problems encountered, and discuss future plans
and expected completion dates.
45
Minutes of Meetings
Record briefly
the discussions
of old business, new business, announcements, and committee
reports.
Begin with the group’s name, date, time, and place of meeting.
Identify the names of attendees and absentees.

State whether the previous minutes were approved or revised.
46
Minutes of Meetings
Include a signature on formal minutes.
Include the precise wording of motions.
Record the votes and actions taken.
Conclude with the name of the person recording the minutes.
47
Summaries
If requested, include your reaction or overall evaluation of the
document.
State the main idea or purpose
of the summary.
Highlight the research methods, findings, conclusions, and
recommendations.
Omit illustrations, examples,
and references.
Organize for readability by including headings and bulleted or
enumerated lists.

48
Today’s Agenda
Report formats
Effective headings
Data and research
Short analytical reports
49
Feasibility Reports
Describe the problems that may result.
Announce your decision immediately.
Provide a description of the background and problem
necessitating the proposal.
Discuss the benefits of the proposal.
Calculate the costs associated with the proposal.
Show the time frame necessary for implementing the proposal.
50

51
Yardstick Reports
Tell how the criteria were selected or developed.
Describe the problems or need.
Explain possible solutions and alternatives.
Establish criteria for comparing the alternatives.
Discuss and evaluate each alternative in terms of the criteria.
Draw conclusions and make recommendations.
52
Recap
Report formats
Effective headings
Data and research
Short analytical reports
Group Activity: Best Practices of Highly Successful Team
Writing Projects
Individually read page 284 in the text, noting / highlighting

valuable ideas
As a group, discuss those ideas that you think worthwhile
adopting.
Select one representative of group to report back what you
liked.
54
Questions?
55

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