VISUAL INFORAMTION IN STUDY OF HISTORY

1. 1
VISUAL INFORAMTION IN STUDY OF HISTORY:
The information you need to know is presented in written form. Often, though, key information
is also summarized in chart form. Charts organize facts and ideas in a visual way that may make
them easier to understand.
Some of the basic types of Charts is discussed here with as under. Building your chart skills will
help you get the most form of the information provided.
Timelines:
A time line is a chart that shows key events within a certain period of time. Timelines are
organized so that events get closer to the present as you read from left to right.
You will notice that some events on the timeline are labeled B.C. and other A.D. these
abbreviations were developed long ago by Christian historians who created at calendar based on
the life of Jesus. Different calendars also exist, but this dating system is the one most commonly
used by historians today. Dates labeled B.C. decrease in number as they get closer to the present.
Dates labeled A.D. increase.
The dates shown within the bar represent equal intervals, or spans of time. The dates above and
below the bar refer to specific events.
SOTH ASIAN HISTORY 2ND SEMESTER LL.B. PART I,
TOPIC: Visual Information DATED 25th ,Sep,2016
Presented by: SM Zarkoon, Lecturer,
B.Sc. LL.B. LL.M. {Criminology & Law of Evidence}
University Law College Khojjak Road Quetta.
Email: lawyer.21st@yahoo.com Ph.# 081-2843053
2500 B.C. 221 B.C. B.C. A. D.
Indian Civilization emerges. Emperor Shi Huangdi
Unites China
3000
B.C.
A.D. 29 Jesus dies.
331 B.C.
Alexander conquers Persia

2. 2
Tables:
Tables provide a simple way to organize a large amount of information graphically. A table is
arranged in a grid pattern. Columns run vertically, or from top to bottom. Rows run horizontally,
or from left to right.
Look at the sample table below. It summarizes some basic facts about four early civilizations.
The four civilizations are listed in the column on the far left, at the beginning of each row The
categories of information given about each civilization are listed at the head of each column. To
find information you must read both horizontally and vertically. For example, if you want to find
where the Egyptian civilization was located, go to the row labeled Egypt, and then read across to
the column labeled Location.
Tables can be very large. You may have seen computer spreadsheets that include dozens of rows
and columns. Yet all tables follow the basic grid pattern shown here.
CIVILIZATOIN LOCATION RIVER(s) EMERGED
Mesopotamia Southwest Asia Tigris and Euphrates 3000 B.C.
Egypt Northeast Africa Nile 2700 B.C.
India Indian Subcontinent Indus 2500 B.C.
Shang China East Asia Huang 1650 B.C.
Activity:
FOUR ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS.
1. When did shang china
emerge?
2. On which river did Egypt
depend?

3. 3
Flowcharts:
As you have read, a timeline is a special type of chart that shows when things happened. A
flowchart is a special type of chart that show how one thing leads to another. Many flow charts
show a process, or a series of steps that follow one another. To understand a flowchart, begin by
reading the first box. Then, follow the arrows to the next event or stage in the process.
Sometimes the arrows will lead you back to where you started. This shows that the events are a
cycle, or a series of events that keeps repeating.
The flowchart below illustrates a process that occurred over and over again in ancient China, as
you read, a notice how one step leads to another.
New rulers
overthrow
old ruling
family.
New ruling
family
governs well
at first
Overtime,
ruling family
becomes
weak
Poor
government
leads to
problems
Government
loose support
of people
RULING CYCYLE IN ANCIENT CHINA

4. 4
Social Pyramids:
Every civilization had a strict social order. Certain class , or groups, of people had more power
and prestige than did other classes.
A special chart shows how such societies are organized. This chart is called a social pyramid. In
a Social Pyramid , the person or persons with highest rank are shown at the top. The persons with
lowest rank are shown at the bottom. Social pyramids get wider as you go from top to bottom.
This design shows the highest class usually had the smallest number of people.
The social pyramid here shows Egyptian society was organized between 1500 B.C. and 500
B.C., Egypt was ruled by pharaohs. Below the pharaoh, the other people in society each had a
place.

5. 5
GRAPHS:
One common type of visual is the line graph, such as the one shown here. Line graphs indicate
changes over time. They are useful or showing information such as population growth or
government expenses. In studying ancient times, though, historian has very few exact number to
work with.