INTRODUCTION TO ALKALOIDS.pptx
•
0 likes•4 views
Alkaloids are basic organic heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds that are physiologically active in small concentrations. They are generally colorless, crystalline compounds with sharp melting points that are bitter tasting and help plants fight insects and microbes. Alkaloids can be identified using tests with Dragendorff's reagent, Mayer's reagent, Hager's reagent, or Wagner's reagent, which cause precipitates or color changes. Alkaloids are classified based on their origin as true, proto, or pseudo alkaloids and based on their chemical nature such as purine, indole, pyridine, phenanthrene, quinoline, tropane, isoquinoline, and pyridine
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
Alkaloids (full)
1. Alkaloids are nitrogenous organic compounds that are derived from plants and have pharmacological effects in humans. They have diverse chemical structures and properties.
2. Alkaloids can be detected using various chemical tests like Mayer's reagent, Hager's reagent, and Dragendorff's reagent which cause precipitation or color changes.
3. Alkaloids have many pharmacological uses including as sedatives, anticholinergics, narcotics, local anesthetics, and to treat conditions like asthma, ulcers, and malaria. Some key alkaloid-containing plants discussed are belladonna, coca, and cinchona.
Introduction of secondary metabolite
The document discusses primary and secondary metabolites, alkaloids, glycosides, and tannins. It defines these compounds and outlines their key properties. Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing compounds that have physiological effects. They are classified based on biosynthetic pathways, pharmacology, taxonomy, and heterocyclic ring structures. Glycosides are compounds containing a sugar and non-sugar moiety. They are classified by the type of sugar or aglycone. Tannins are polyphenolic compounds that can combine with proteins. They are classified as hydrolysable or condensed based on their chemical structures. Extraction and isolation methods are also presented.
A PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CLOVE AND FENNEL-1.pptx
This document summarizes a study on the phytochemical screening of clove and fennel extracts. Various qualitative tests were performed and showed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and glycosides in both clove and fennel extracts. The aim of the study was to identify active compounds in clove and fennel that may have medicinal properties.
unit-ii-230418051702-83a5f700.pdf
The document discusses several plants and plant products used as medicines, including their biological sources, chemical constituents, properties, uses, and commercial applications. It provides details on alkaloids, describing their physical and chemical properties as well as classification. Examples of important alkaloid-containing plants discussed include vinca, rauwolfia, belladonna, opium, and tea.
UNIT - II.pptx
The document discusses several plants and plant products used as medicines, including their biological sources, chemical constituents, properties, uses, and commercial applications. It provides details on alkaloids, describing their physical and chemical properties as well as classes and tests. Examples of important alkaloid-containing plants are discussed in depth, such as vinca, rauwolfia, belladonna, opium, and tea.
Glycosides.pptx
A Glycoside is any molecule in which sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another grp via Glycosidic bond.
A glycosidic bond is a type of chemical bond that joins sugar molecule to another molecule.
The sugar grp is known as glycone and non-sugar grp as aglycone or genin.
The glycone and aglycone portions can be chemically separated by hydrolysis in presence of acid.
The glucose can consist of a single grp or several sugar groups.
SECONDARY METABOLITIES .pdf
The document discusses several types of secondary plant metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and provides details about their properties, classification, extraction and identification. It defines primary and secondary metabolites and provides examples of each. It describes the physical and chemical properties, classification based on structure and other factors, extraction methods, functions and chemical tests for identification of alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins. The document is presented by Mr. Vishal S Bagul and appears to be teaching content on secondary plant metabolites.
Alkaloids
The document discusses four plant sources of alkaloids - Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, and Opium. It provides details on the biological source of each plant, their major alkaloids, uses, and marketed products containing the plants or their alkaloids. Vinca contains the anticancer alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine. Rauwolfia contains the antihypertensive reserpine. Belladonna contains the anticholinergic alkaloids atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine. Opium is the source of the analgesic alkaloids morphine, codeine, and noscapine.
Recommended
Alkaloids (full)
1. Alkaloids are nitrogenous organic compounds that are derived from plants and have pharmacological effects in humans. They have diverse chemical structures and properties.
2. Alkaloids can be detected using various chemical tests like Mayer's reagent, Hager's reagent, and Dragendorff's reagent which cause precipitation or color changes.
3. Alkaloids have many pharmacological uses including as sedatives, anticholinergics, narcotics, local anesthetics, and to treat conditions like asthma, ulcers, and malaria. Some key alkaloid-containing plants discussed are belladonna, coca, and cinchona.
Introduction of secondary metabolite
The document discusses primary and secondary metabolites, alkaloids, glycosides, and tannins. It defines these compounds and outlines their key properties. Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing compounds that have physiological effects. They are classified based on biosynthetic pathways, pharmacology, taxonomy, and heterocyclic ring structures. Glycosides are compounds containing a sugar and non-sugar moiety. They are classified by the type of sugar or aglycone. Tannins are polyphenolic compounds that can combine with proteins. They are classified as hydrolysable or condensed based on their chemical structures. Extraction and isolation methods are also presented.
A PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CLOVE AND FENNEL-1.pptx
This document summarizes a study on the phytochemical screening of clove and fennel extracts. Various qualitative tests were performed and showed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids and glycosides in both clove and fennel extracts. The aim of the study was to identify active compounds in clove and fennel that may have medicinal properties.
unit-ii-230418051702-83a5f700.pdf
The document discusses several plants and plant products used as medicines, including their biological sources, chemical constituents, properties, uses, and commercial applications. It provides details on alkaloids, describing their physical and chemical properties as well as classification. Examples of important alkaloid-containing plants discussed include vinca, rauwolfia, belladonna, opium, and tea.
UNIT - II.pptx
The document discusses several plants and plant products used as medicines, including their biological sources, chemical constituents, properties, uses, and commercial applications. It provides details on alkaloids, describing their physical and chemical properties as well as classes and tests. Examples of important alkaloid-containing plants are discussed in depth, such as vinca, rauwolfia, belladonna, opium, and tea.
Glycosides.pptx
A Glycoside is any molecule in which sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another grp via Glycosidic bond.
A glycosidic bond is a type of chemical bond that joins sugar molecule to another molecule.
The sugar grp is known as glycone and non-sugar grp as aglycone or genin.
The glycone and aglycone portions can be chemically separated by hydrolysis in presence of acid.
The glucose can consist of a single grp or several sugar groups.
SECONDARY METABOLITIES .pdf
The document discusses several types of secondary plant metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and provides details about their properties, classification, extraction and identification. It defines primary and secondary metabolites and provides examples of each. It describes the physical and chemical properties, classification based on structure and other factors, extraction methods, functions and chemical tests for identification of alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins. The document is presented by Mr. Vishal S Bagul and appears to be teaching content on secondary plant metabolites.
Alkaloids
The document discusses four plant sources of alkaloids - Vinca, Rauwolfia, Belladonna, and Opium. It provides details on the biological source of each plant, their major alkaloids, uses, and marketed products containing the plants or their alkaloids. Vinca contains the anticancer alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine. Rauwolfia contains the antihypertensive reserpine. Belladonna contains the anticholinergic alkaloids atropine, hyoscyamine, and scopolamine. Opium is the source of the analgesic alkaloids morphine, codeine, and noscapine.
Alkaloids
- Alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing compounds that are often obtained from plants and demonstrate physiological effects.
- They are classified based on their biological origin, biosynthetic pathway, chemical structure, and pharmacological effects.
- Common alkaloids include morphine, quinine, caffeine, and nicotine. They are extracted from plants using various organic solvents and purified.
Alkaloids Pharmacognosy
The document provides information about a presentation on alkaloids. It discusses that alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing compounds found mainly in plants. They have a complex molecular structure and show significant pharmacological activity. Alkaloids are classified based on whether the nitrogen is part of a ring or not. They exhibit diverse physical and chemical properties and are tested using various chemical reagents like Mayer's reagent. Alkaloids have many uses as analgesics, antihypertensives, and in treating other medical conditions due to their pharmacological activities. Examples of alkaloid-containing plants discussed include Lobelia, which has expectorant properties.
Health benefits of plant alkaloids A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG ...
Health benefits of plant alkaloids A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province & Visiting Professor Agriculture University Peshawar Pakistan
ALKALOIDS.pptx
This is about alkaloids and their classifications their physical and chemical properties ,uses and toxic effects
Phytochemistry of plant drugs
This document provides an overview of phytochemistry and plant drugs. It discusses several plant constituents including glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, lipids, resins, balsams, volatile oils, and alkaloids. For each constituent, examples of plant sources are given and potential uses are described. The document also classifies different types of alkaloids based on their ring structures and provides examples of plants containing various alkaloid types.
Alkaloids 121009133104-phpapp01
This document provides information about alkaloids, including their characteristics, sources, uses, and classification. Some key points include:
- Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing compounds found in plants that are usually bitter and have physiological effects. They are derived from amino acids.
- Major sources of alkaloids include plants from the Papaveraceae, Solanaceae, and Rutaceae families.
- Alkaloids have various pharmacological actions and uses including as analgesics, narcotics, and anticholinergics.
- Common alkaloids and their sources are discussed like nicotine from tobacco, arecoline from areca nut, and hyoscyamine from belladonna.
- Tests
Alkaloids
This document provides information about alkaloids. It begins with definitions and classifications of alkaloids. It then discusses two specific alkaloids - ephedra and colchicum. For ephedra, it describes the plant source, chemical constituents including ephedrine, uses, and chemical tests. For colchicum, it provides the plant source, chemical constituents including colchicine, and geographical sources.
B.Pharma 3rd year unit2 part-I phytochemistry by Bulet kumar gupta.pptx
This document provides information about alkaloids, which are nitrogenous compounds found in plants. It discusses the classification of alkaloids into true, proto, and pseudo alkaloids. Some key alkaloids and their source plants discussed include vinca alkaloids from Vinca rosea, rauwolfia alkaloids from Rauwolfia serpentina, belladonna alkaloids from Atropa belladonna, and opium alkaloids from Papaver somniferum. The document also covers the chemistry, isolation, qualitative analysis, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of various alkaloids.
B.Pharma 3rd year phytochemistry unit-2 Part-1 by Bulet kumar gupta .pptx
This document provides information about alkaloids, which are nitrogenous compounds found in plants. It discusses the classification of alkaloids into true, proto, and pseudo alkaloids. Some key alkaloids and their source plants discussed include vinca alkaloids from Vinca rosea, rauwolfia alkaloids from Rauwolfia serpentina, belladonna alkaloids from Atropa belladonna, and opium alkaloids from Papaver somniferum. The document also covers the chemistry, isolation, qualitative analysis, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of various alkaloids.
D.PHARM ALKALOID.pdf
Alkaloid is one of the secondary metabolites produced by the plants which helps indirectly in their normal growth, development and reproduction.
Alkaloid is defined as naturally occurring organic compounds which is basic in nature and contains one or more Nitrogen atom in their heterocyclic ring. E.g Atropine, Morphine, Quinine etc.
Alkaloids are classified into different categories as mentioned below:
1. Based on amino acid precursor used for synthesis:
a. True alkaloid: It is synthesized from amino acid precursor and have nitrogen atom in its heterocyclic ring
b. Proto alkaloid: It is derived from amino acid precursor but do not contain nitrogen atom in their basic heterocyclic ring.
c. Pseudo alkaloid: It is not derived from amino acid precursor but contains heterocyclic nitrogen atom in their ring.
2. Based on chemical nature:
a. Indole alkaloid
b. Quinoline alkaloid
c. Pyridine alkaloid etc...
alkaloids.ppt
The document discusses alkaloids, which are basic nitrogenous compounds found in plants that are pharmacologically active in small doses. It defines alkaloids and notes some deviations from the classic definition. The physical and chemical properties of alkaloids are described. Methods for extracting, purifying, and qualitatively testing alkaloids are provided. Specific alkaloids like those found in Rauwolfia, Catharanthus, Belladonna, and opium are also discussed.
alkaloids-121009133104-phpapp01.pdf
This document discusses alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing compounds found in plants. It describes their characteristics, sources, structures, properties, uses, biosynthesis, tests to identify them, and classifications. Key points include: alkaloids are bitter and derived from amino acids; they are found in various plant families and parts; they have pharmacological effects like analgesia and serve defensive roles in plants; and examples like nicotine, areca, lobeline, and tropane alkaloids like atropine and hyoscyamine are described.
Basic introduction of secondary metabolites
This document provides an introduction to secondary metabolites found in plants. It begins by defining primary and secondary metabolites, with primary metabolites involved in normal growth and development while secondary metabolites are not. It then categorizes and describes different classes of secondary metabolites that may be found in plants, including alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, glycosides, and others. For each class, it provides one or two examples and brief descriptions of their characteristic properties. The document aims to outline the major types of secondary metabolites that students will encounter in their studies.
Alkaloids
This document discusses alkaloids, which are nitrogenous plant compounds that have physiological effects. It describes their characteristics, sources, uses, and importance in pharmacy. Key points include: alkaloids are bitter and derived from amino acids; sources include various plant families; uses include analgesic, narcotic, and mydriatic effects; important alkaloids include morphine, codeine, nicotine, and atropine. Tests are outlined to identify the presence of alkaloids. The document also classifies and describes important alkaloid groups such as tropane and solanaceous alkaloids.
Alkaloids.pptx
This document discusses alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing organic compounds found primarily in plants. Certain plant families like poppies, buttercups, nightshades, and amaryllis are particularly rich in alkaloids. Alkaloids have diverse physiological effects and are basic in nature with at least one nitrogen atom in a heterocyclic ring. They are classified based on their source, physiological response, discoverer, taxonomy, pharmacology, biosynthesis or chemical structure. The main chemical classifications are heterocyclic alkaloids which have nitrogen-containing rings and nonheterocyclic alkaloids which are biological amines.
Introduction Classification Of Alkaloids
ALKALOIDS
Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring organic compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms.
This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties.
Alkaloids are derived from plant sources they are basic they contain one or more nitrogen atoms (usually in a heterocyclic ring) and they usually have a marked physiological action.
Function of alkaloids
they may function as stimulants or regulators in activities like growth, metabolism and reproduction.
They may act as reservoirs for protein synthesis
Properties of alkaloids
Alkaloids are colourless, crystalline, non-volatile, solids, a few such as coniine and nicotine are liquids and a few even coloured, viz. berberine is yellow.
the alkaloids are bitter in taste and have pronounced physiological activity
Classification of alkaloids
a. Taxonomic classification- On the basis of taxonomic profile of the drug. For ex. Solanaceous alkaloids.
b. Biogenetic classification- On the basis of amino acid precursor. For ex. Phenylalanine, Tyrosine alkaloids
c. Pharmacological classification- On the basis therapeutic activity of the alkaloid For ex. Morphine as analgesic, Quinine as antimalarial.
d. Chemical classification- On the basis of basic chemical structure of alkaloid. It is of further three types-
1. True alkaloid- The alkaloids which have all basic properties of alkaloids, derived from amino acid and contain Nitrogen in heterocyclic ring. Ex. Atropine, Morphine.
2. Proto alkaloid- The alkaloid in which nitrogen atom is not present in the ring, but it is present outside the ring I form of amino group, so also called amino alkaloids or biological amines. Ex. Ephedrine.
3. Pseudo alkaloids- Actually these are not alkaloids. These are not derived from amino acid and not give basic identification tests of alkaloids. These are Steroidal (Solanine), Terpenoidal (Diterpene alkaloid) and Purine alkaloid (Caffeine).
chemical classification of alkaloids
Alkaloids: An overview
This document provides an overview of alkaloids presented by O.P. Verma. It defines alkaloids and discusses their properties, distribution in plants, classification based on chemical structure and biosynthesis, methods of extraction, and chemical tests used to identify alkaloids. Key points include that alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing plant metabolites that can have pharmacological effects. They are classified based on their heterocyclic ring structures and precursor amino acids. Common chemical tests for alkaloids involve the formation of precipitates with reagents such as Dragendorff's solution and Mayer's reagent.
Alkaloids
- Alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing compounds found in plants, animals, and microorganisms that often have physiological effects.
- They are classified based on their biological origin, biosynthetic pathway, and chemical structure, with the main classes being proto, typical, and pseudo alkaloids.
- Common alkaloids include morphine, codeine, caffeine, and cocaine. Extraction methods take advantage of alkaloids' basic properties, using organic solvents to extract them from plant materials into aqueous solutions as salts.
Alkaloids: Introduction, Property and classification
Alkaloids are major secondary metabolites reported in higher plants. In this PPT I have covered Introduction, Property, Clarification and identification tests.
Alkaloids: Pharmacognosy MANIK
Alkaloids: The details of the followings:
Biosynthesis of tropane, quinoline, isoquinoline and indole alkaloids.
i) Tropane-Belladona, stramonium, hyoscyamus and lica
ii) Quinoline-Cinchona, Cusparia bark
iii) Isoquinoline-Ipecacs, Opium, sanguinaria, curare
iv) Indole-Rawolfia, Nux vomica, Ergot, Catharanthus
v) Imidazole: Pilocarpine
vi) Steroidal: Veretrum viride, aconite
vii)Lupinea-Lupinus spp
viii) Purine base-Coffee, tea.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
More Related Content
Similar to INTRODUCTION TO ALKALOIDS.pptx
Alkaloids
- Alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing compounds that are often obtained from plants and demonstrate physiological effects.
- They are classified based on their biological origin, biosynthetic pathway, chemical structure, and pharmacological effects.
- Common alkaloids include morphine, quinine, caffeine, and nicotine. They are extracted from plants using various organic solvents and purified.
Alkaloids Pharmacognosy
The document provides information about a presentation on alkaloids. It discusses that alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing compounds found mainly in plants. They have a complex molecular structure and show significant pharmacological activity. Alkaloids are classified based on whether the nitrogen is part of a ring or not. They exhibit diverse physical and chemical properties and are tested using various chemical reagents like Mayer's reagent. Alkaloids have many uses as analgesics, antihypertensives, and in treating other medical conditions due to their pharmacological activities. Examples of alkaloid-containing plants discussed include Lobelia, which has expectorant properties.
Health benefits of plant alkaloids A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG ...
Health benefits of plant alkaloids A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG Agriculture Extension Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Province & Visiting Professor Agriculture University Peshawar Pakistan
ALKALOIDS.pptx
This is about alkaloids and their classifications their physical and chemical properties ,uses and toxic effects
Phytochemistry of plant drugs
This document provides an overview of phytochemistry and plant drugs. It discusses several plant constituents including glycosides, carbohydrates, tannins, lipids, resins, balsams, volatile oils, and alkaloids. For each constituent, examples of plant sources are given and potential uses are described. The document also classifies different types of alkaloids based on their ring structures and provides examples of plants containing various alkaloid types.
Alkaloids 121009133104-phpapp01
This document provides information about alkaloids, including their characteristics, sources, uses, and classification. Some key points include:
- Alkaloids are nitrogen-containing compounds found in plants that are usually bitter and have physiological effects. They are derived from amino acids.
- Major sources of alkaloids include plants from the Papaveraceae, Solanaceae, and Rutaceae families.
- Alkaloids have various pharmacological actions and uses including as analgesics, narcotics, and anticholinergics.
- Common alkaloids and their sources are discussed like nicotine from tobacco, arecoline from areca nut, and hyoscyamine from belladonna.
- Tests
Alkaloids
This document provides information about alkaloids. It begins with definitions and classifications of alkaloids. It then discusses two specific alkaloids - ephedra and colchicum. For ephedra, it describes the plant source, chemical constituents including ephedrine, uses, and chemical tests. For colchicum, it provides the plant source, chemical constituents including colchicine, and geographical sources.
B.Pharma 3rd year unit2 part-I phytochemistry by Bulet kumar gupta.pptx
This document provides information about alkaloids, which are nitrogenous compounds found in plants. It discusses the classification of alkaloids into true, proto, and pseudo alkaloids. Some key alkaloids and their source plants discussed include vinca alkaloids from Vinca rosea, rauwolfia alkaloids from Rauwolfia serpentina, belladonna alkaloids from Atropa belladonna, and opium alkaloids from Papaver somniferum. The document also covers the chemistry, isolation, qualitative analysis, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of various alkaloids.
B.Pharma 3rd year phytochemistry unit-2 Part-1 by Bulet kumar gupta .pptx
This document provides information about alkaloids, which are nitrogenous compounds found in plants. It discusses the classification of alkaloids into true, proto, and pseudo alkaloids. Some key alkaloids and their source plants discussed include vinca alkaloids from Vinca rosea, rauwolfia alkaloids from Rauwolfia serpentina, belladonna alkaloids from Atropa belladonna, and opium alkaloids from Papaver somniferum. The document also covers the chemistry, isolation, qualitative analysis, therapeutic uses and commercial applications of various alkaloids.
D.PHARM ALKALOID.pdf
Alkaloid is one of the secondary metabolites produced by the plants which helps indirectly in their normal growth, development and reproduction.
Alkaloid is defined as naturally occurring organic compounds which is basic in nature and contains one or more Nitrogen atom in their heterocyclic ring. E.g Atropine, Morphine, Quinine etc.
Alkaloids are classified into different categories as mentioned below:
1. Based on amino acid precursor used for synthesis:
a. True alkaloid: It is synthesized from amino acid precursor and have nitrogen atom in its heterocyclic ring
b. Proto alkaloid: It is derived from amino acid precursor but do not contain nitrogen atom in their basic heterocyclic ring.
c. Pseudo alkaloid: It is not derived from amino acid precursor but contains heterocyclic nitrogen atom in their ring.
2. Based on chemical nature:
a. Indole alkaloid
b. Quinoline alkaloid
c. Pyridine alkaloid etc...
alkaloids.ppt
The document discusses alkaloids, which are basic nitrogenous compounds found in plants that are pharmacologically active in small doses. It defines alkaloids and notes some deviations from the classic definition. The physical and chemical properties of alkaloids are described. Methods for extracting, purifying, and qualitatively testing alkaloids are provided. Specific alkaloids like those found in Rauwolfia, Catharanthus, Belladonna, and opium are also discussed.
alkaloids-121009133104-phpapp01.pdf
This document discusses alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing compounds found in plants. It describes their characteristics, sources, structures, properties, uses, biosynthesis, tests to identify them, and classifications. Key points include: alkaloids are bitter and derived from amino acids; they are found in various plant families and parts; they have pharmacological effects like analgesia and serve defensive roles in plants; and examples like nicotine, areca, lobeline, and tropane alkaloids like atropine and hyoscyamine are described.
Basic introduction of secondary metabolites
This document provides an introduction to secondary metabolites found in plants. It begins by defining primary and secondary metabolites, with primary metabolites involved in normal growth and development while secondary metabolites are not. It then categorizes and describes different classes of secondary metabolites that may be found in plants, including alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins, glycosides, and others. For each class, it provides one or two examples and brief descriptions of their characteristic properties. The document aims to outline the major types of secondary metabolites that students will encounter in their studies.
Alkaloids
This document discusses alkaloids, which are nitrogenous plant compounds that have physiological effects. It describes their characteristics, sources, uses, and importance in pharmacy. Key points include: alkaloids are bitter and derived from amino acids; sources include various plant families; uses include analgesic, narcotic, and mydriatic effects; important alkaloids include morphine, codeine, nicotine, and atropine. Tests are outlined to identify the presence of alkaloids. The document also classifies and describes important alkaloid groups such as tropane and solanaceous alkaloids.
Alkaloids.pptx
This document discusses alkaloids, which are nitrogen-containing organic compounds found primarily in plants. Certain plant families like poppies, buttercups, nightshades, and amaryllis are particularly rich in alkaloids. Alkaloids have diverse physiological effects and are basic in nature with at least one nitrogen atom in a heterocyclic ring. They are classified based on their source, physiological response, discoverer, taxonomy, pharmacology, biosynthesis or chemical structure. The main chemical classifications are heterocyclic alkaloids which have nitrogen-containing rings and nonheterocyclic alkaloids which are biological amines.
Introduction Classification Of Alkaloids
ALKALOIDS
Alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring organic compounds that mostly contain basic nitrogen atoms.
This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties.
Alkaloids are derived from plant sources they are basic they contain one or more nitrogen atoms (usually in a heterocyclic ring) and they usually have a marked physiological action.
Function of alkaloids
they may function as stimulants or regulators in activities like growth, metabolism and reproduction.
They may act as reservoirs for protein synthesis
Properties of alkaloids
Alkaloids are colourless, crystalline, non-volatile, solids, a few such as coniine and nicotine are liquids and a few even coloured, viz. berberine is yellow.
the alkaloids are bitter in taste and have pronounced physiological activity
Classification of alkaloids
a. Taxonomic classification- On the basis of taxonomic profile of the drug. For ex. Solanaceous alkaloids.
b. Biogenetic classification- On the basis of amino acid precursor. For ex. Phenylalanine, Tyrosine alkaloids
c. Pharmacological classification- On the basis therapeutic activity of the alkaloid For ex. Morphine as analgesic, Quinine as antimalarial.
d. Chemical classification- On the basis of basic chemical structure of alkaloid. It is of further three types-
1. True alkaloid- The alkaloids which have all basic properties of alkaloids, derived from amino acid and contain Nitrogen in heterocyclic ring. Ex. Atropine, Morphine.
2. Proto alkaloid- The alkaloid in which nitrogen atom is not present in the ring, but it is present outside the ring I form of amino group, so also called amino alkaloids or biological amines. Ex. Ephedrine.
3. Pseudo alkaloids- Actually these are not alkaloids. These are not derived from amino acid and not give basic identification tests of alkaloids. These are Steroidal (Solanine), Terpenoidal (Diterpene alkaloid) and Purine alkaloid (Caffeine).
chemical classification of alkaloids
Alkaloids: An overview
This document provides an overview of alkaloids presented by O.P. Verma. It defines alkaloids and discusses their properties, distribution in plants, classification based on chemical structure and biosynthesis, methods of extraction, and chemical tests used to identify alkaloids. Key points include that alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing plant metabolites that can have pharmacological effects. They are classified based on their heterocyclic ring structures and precursor amino acids. Common chemical tests for alkaloids involve the formation of precipitates with reagents such as Dragendorff's solution and Mayer's reagent.
Alkaloids
- Alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing compounds found in plants, animals, and microorganisms that often have physiological effects.
- They are classified based on their biological origin, biosynthetic pathway, and chemical structure, with the main classes being proto, typical, and pseudo alkaloids.
- Common alkaloids include morphine, codeine, caffeine, and cocaine. Extraction methods take advantage of alkaloids' basic properties, using organic solvents to extract them from plant materials into aqueous solutions as salts.
Alkaloids: Introduction, Property and classification
Alkaloids are major secondary metabolites reported in higher plants. In this PPT I have covered Introduction, Property, Clarification and identification tests.
Alkaloids: Pharmacognosy MANIK
Alkaloids: The details of the followings:
Biosynthesis of tropane, quinoline, isoquinoline and indole alkaloids.
i) Tropane-Belladona, stramonium, hyoscyamus and lica
ii) Quinoline-Cinchona, Cusparia bark
iii) Isoquinoline-Ipecacs, Opium, sanguinaria, curare
iv) Indole-Rawolfia, Nux vomica, Ergot, Catharanthus
v) Imidazole: Pilocarpine
vi) Steroidal: Veretrum viride, aconite
vii)Lupinea-Lupinus spp
viii) Purine base-Coffee, tea.
Similar to INTRODUCTION TO ALKALOIDS.pptx (20)
Health benefits of plant alkaloids A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG ...
Health benefits of plant alkaloids A Lecture By Mr Allah Dad Khan Former DG ...
B.Pharma 3rd year unit2 part-I phytochemistry by Bulet kumar gupta.pptx
B.Pharma 3rd year unit2 part-I phytochemistry by Bulet kumar gupta.pptx
B.Pharma 3rd year phytochemistry unit-2 Part-1 by Bulet kumar gupta .pptx
B.Pharma 3rd year phytochemistry unit-2 Part-1 by Bulet kumar gupta .pptx
Alkaloids: Introduction, Property and classification
Alkaloids: Introduction, Property and classification
Recently uploaded
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
Dr. David Greene R3 stem cell Breakthroughs: Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiology
Dr. David Greene, founder and CEO of R3 Stem Cell, is at the forefront of groundbreaking research in the field of cardiology, focusing on the transformative potential of stem cell therapy. His latest work emphasizes innovative approaches to treating heart disease, aiming to repair damaged heart tissue and improve heart function through the use of advanced stem cell techniques. This research promises not only to enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic heart conditions but also to pave the way for new, more effective treatments. Dr. Greene's work is notable for its focus on safety, efficacy, and the potential to significantly reduce the need for invasive surgeries and long-term medication, positioning stem cell therapy as a key player in the future of cardiac care.
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdf
Furthermore, the time constraints and workload in healthcare settings can make it challenging for caregivers to prioritise safe patient handling Australia practices, leading to shortcuts and increased risks.
CANSA support - Caring for Cancer Patients' Caregivers
International Cancer Survivors Day is celebrated during June, placing the spotlight not only on cancer survivors, but also their caregivers.
CANSA has compiled a list of tips and guidelines of support:
https://cansa.org.za/who-cares-for-cancer-patients-caregivers/
Stem Cell Solutions: Dr. David Greene's Path to Non-Surgical Cardiac Care
Explore the groundbreaking work of Dr. David Greene, a pioneer in regenerative medicine, who is revolutionizing the field of cardiology through stem cell therapy in Arizona. This ppt delves into how Dr. Greene's innovative approach is providing non-surgical, effective treatments for heart disease, using the body's own cells to repair heart damage and improve patient outcomes. Learn about the science behind stem cell therapy, its benefits over traditional cardiac surgeries, and the promising future it holds for modern medicine. Join us as we uncover how Dr. Greene's commitment to stem cell research and therapy is setting new standards in healthcare and offering new hope to cardiac patients.
Trauma Outpatient Center .
Trauma Outpatient Center is a comprehensive facility dedicated to addressing mental health challenges and providing medication-assisted treatment. We offer a diverse range of services aimed at assisting individuals in overcoming addiction, mental health disorders, and related obstacles. Our team consists of seasoned professionals who are both experienced and compassionate, committed to delivering the highest standard of care to our clients. By utilizing evidence-based treatment methods, we strive to help our clients achieve their goals and lead healthier, more fulfilling lives.
Our mission is to provide a safe and supportive environment where our clients can receive the highest quality of care. We are dedicated to assisting our clients in reaching their objectives and improving their overall well-being. We prioritize our clients' needs and individualize treatment plans to ensure they receive tailored care. Our approach is rooted in evidence-based practices proven effective in treating addiction and mental health disorders.
Innovative Minds France's Most Impactful Healthcare Leaders.pdf
This edition features a handful of Innovative Minds: France's Most Impactful Healthcare Leaders that are leading us into a better future.
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to Care
This webinar helps clinicians understand the unique healthcare needs of the LGBTQ+ community, primarily in relation to end-of-life care. Topics include social and cultural background and challenges, healthcare disparities, advanced care planning, and strategies for reaching the community and improving quality of care.
Luxurious Spa In Ajman Chandrima Massage Center
Chandrima Spa Ajman is one of the leading Massage Center in Ajman, which is open 24 hours exclusively for men. Being one of the most affordable Spa in Ajman, we offer Body to Body massage, Kerala Massage, Malayali Massage, Indian Massage, Pakistani Massage Russian massage, Thai massage, Swedish massage, Hot Stone Massage, Deep Tissue Massage, and many more. Indulge in the ultimate massage experience and book your appointment today. We are confident that you will leave our Massage spa feeling refreshed, rejuvenated, and ready to take on the world.
Visit : https://massagespaajman.com/
Call : 052 987 1315
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
Joker Wigs has been a one-stop-shop for hair products for over 26 years. We provide high-quality hair wigs, hair extensions, hair toppers, hair patch, and more for both men and women.
DR SHAMIN EABENSON - JOURNAL CLUB - NEEDLE STICK INJURY
JOURNAL CLUB - NEEDLE STICK INJURY - TOPIC PRESENTED BY DR SHAMIN
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.Can coffee help me lose weight? Yes, 25,422 users in the USA use it for that ...
The South Beach Coffee Java Diet is a variation of the popular South Beach Diet, which was developed by cardiologist Dr. Arthur Agatston. The original South Beach Diet focuses on consuming lean proteins, healthy fats, and low-glycemic index carbohydrates. The South Beach Coffee Java Diet adds the element of coffee, specifically caffeine, to enhance weight loss and improve energy levels.
INFECTION OF THE BRAIN -ENCEPHALITIS ( PPT)
Neurological system includes brain and spinal cord. It plays an important role in functioning of our body. Encephalitis is the inflammation of the brain. Causes include viral infections, infections from insect bites or an autoimmune reaction that affects the brain. It can be life-threatening or cause long-term complications. Treatment varies, but most people require hospitalization so they can receive intensive treatment, including life support.
定制(wsu毕业证书)美国华盛顿州立大学毕业证学位证书实拍图原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(wsu毕业证书)美国华盛顿州立大学毕业证、学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and Beyond
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Under Pressure : Kenneth Kruk's Strategy
Kenneth Kruk's story of transforming challenges into opportunities by leading successful medical record transitions and bridging scientific knowledge gaps during COVID-19.
CCSN_June_06 2024_jones. Cancer Rehabpptx
About this webinar: This talk will introduce what cancer rehabilitation is, where it fits into the cancer trajectory, and who can benefit from it. In addition, the current landscape of cancer rehabilitation in Canada will be discussed and the need for advocacy to increase access to this essential component of cancer care.
Recently uploaded (20)
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.
Dr. David Greene R3 stem cell Breakthroughs: Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiology
Dr. David Greene R3 stem cell Breakthroughs: Stem Cell Therapy in Cardiology
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdf
Unlocking the Secrets to Safe Patient Handling.pdf
CANSA support - Caring for Cancer Patients' Caregivers
CANSA support - Caring for Cancer Patients' Caregivers
Stem Cell Solutions: Dr. David Greene's Path to Non-Surgical Cardiac Care
Stem Cell Solutions: Dr. David Greene's Path to Non-Surgical Cardiac Care
Innovative Minds France's Most Impactful Healthcare Leaders.pdf
Innovative Minds France's Most Impactful Healthcare Leaders.pdf
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to Care
LGBTQ+ Adults: Unique Opportunities and Inclusive Approaches to Care
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
U Part Wigs_ A Natural Look with Minimal Effort Jokerwigs.in.pdf
DR SHAMIN EABENSON - JOURNAL CLUB - NEEDLE STICK INJURY
DR SHAMIN EABENSON - JOURNAL CLUB - NEEDLE STICK INJURY
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...
Can coffee help me lose weight? Yes, 25,422 users in the USA use it for that ...
Can coffee help me lose weight? Yes, 25,422 users in the USA use it for that ...
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and Beyond
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and Beyond
INTRODUCTION TO ALKALOIDS.pptx
- 1. ALKALOIDS – GENERAL INTRODUCTION By, Dr. P. Arthanariswaran., Professor & Head, Department of Pharmacognosy, Nirmala college of Health Science, Chalakudy, Kerala
- 2. ALKALOIDS – GEN. INTRO Alkaloids are defined as basic organic heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds containing one or more nitrogen atom and are physiologically active in small concentration. Alkaloids are also called as PFLANZENKALEIN. The name was first coined by the german pharmacist MEISSNER IN 1819. General Properties: All alkaloids are generally colourless, crystalline compounds with sharp melting point Alkaloids generally occurs as salts and sometimes as free bases Alkaloidal salts are soluble in water whereas free alkaloids are soluble in non polar solvents
- 3. ALKALOIDS – GEN. INTRO Generally bitter in taste Helps plants in fighting against insects & microbes Posses numerous pharmacological properties and is based on the chemical constituents present in the particular crude drug. Identification test: 1. With dragendorff’s reagent – Reddish brown precipitate 2. With Mayer’s reagent – Cream coloured precipitate 3. With Hager’s reagent – Yellow colour 4. With Wagner’s reagent – Reddish brown precipitate
- 4. ALKALOIDS – GEN. INTRO Classification of alkaloids I. Based on its origin, 1. True alkaloids 2. Proto alkaloids 3. Pseudo alkaloids
- 5. ALKALOIDS – GEN. INTRO II. Based on its chemical nature: 1. Purine alkaloids Eg. Tea 2. Indole alkaloids Eg. Rauwolfia 3. Pyridine alkaloids Eg. Pepper 4. Phenanthrene alkaloids Eg. Opium 5. Quinoline alkaloids Eg. Cinchona 6. Tropane alkaloids Eg. Datura 7. Pyridine alkaloids Eg. Tobacco 8. Iso quinoline alkaloids Eg. Opium