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Mensaje ARP
Datos de la trama
Encabezado de la
trama
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A 10.1.1.2
10.1.1.3
Gw:10.1.1.1
Gw:10.1.1.1
10.1.1.1
10.1.1.131
ROUTER1
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C
10.1.1.129
Gw:10.1.1.129
Gw:10.1.1.129
10.1.1.130
INTERNET
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0097 introduccion-a-redes-y-a-tcpip-sobre-tecnologia-ethernet

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  • 7. # 1 " ) & & - $8 + #$ '/$ ".# # - # # . + $ - # $ $ $- $ 3 # - -!$ #$-# "( $#=" -" " #$ (3# - '(#."$ # # . # # (" # • $ $ "(.# # ./$ $" -" " # 3 " 0 ." ! # # " # 2 # -" " # 3 " (" # " # " " • ( ) "( 2 # ( $ - # #$5 #"( 1" 0 #$ # 0 ( " • &# . # " $. $ #$ $ . ( / #"$ # # -" #$ # #$ " #$ 2 ) & - "'";" " 3#( # # 5 ( "( 0 # # (" - $ ' ( " # # ".' " "."$ # # # #$ . % $ "$ # #.-(#" 0 ".# "(.# # -" " $ # #$ # / #" #< # $" 0 ) " B , $ # $ #"( 1" (" 0 ! # # ". ". # 4 $ "-" #$ # #(#) (" " ./$ #0 # # 2 # #'# $#) -"2 # # # #( . .# # # ' ( 5 .# " # (" $ ( " # "'("$ # # ! # # ," 0 ." 2 # # # # 0 " #$ (" $ ) # #4 • " ((#)" -"2 # # "( # 5 7$ # #<". " (" # ! #$ % ( # 3*" +" " "((* " "37$ # " " - # # # . " " • (" # ! #$ -# # # # " " # ("$ # #$ 2 # #( # # # "5 # #$ # 3*" #( -"2 # # # ".# # " #(("@ # "$ # 3 " / #( -"2 # # "( # ./$ - !< . " (" # ! #$ • &" " $"'# #( ". - #( 2 # #( # #'# # 3 " -"2 # # # ' 5 #<". " $ $ - - "$ "'("$ # # ". ". # " " $#).# # # # " " "37$ # # # # " # ! # # 0# # # ' ( % # #< ! # # #$ " "37$ # #
  •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
  •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
  •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
  •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• ( ( # # #( # - # " $ & ( 1" #$ " # ! -" " #$ "'(# # " #< ! • & # 3*" " -# ! # #< ! " (" ./2 " #. " #. # " ") "." & " $ # ! & Mensaje ARP Datos de la trama Encabezado de la trama
  • 12. • & # 3*" " "." #$-# "( +# # 5 # "."= . % 5 (("." " F-# ! & & #2 #$ F " " " ./2 " # (" # , "( $ # - #$ $# # . FK " "$ F ," -# ! & # # (" # ! & # (" ./2 " #$ 5 % #2 3"( *" " 0 . (" (" - #) "4 o I $ # #$ - - # " # #$ " # ! &5 - 0"3 #$-! ".# #3 (3 # $ # ! I 0 ) " • ," "-" & # (" ./2 " #$ # '# #( FK " "$ F . #( #$ # ./2 "$ # (" # 5 3# 0 " 2 # #( $ ( " # - # $ # ! & % #. # " F #$- #$ " &F $ " #$- #$ " # # (" # ! & % (" # ! #$- # # 0 ) " • ," #$- #$ " & #$ # ' " - (" ./2 " % #( " ") "." & 2 # - ; (" -# ! & - # # $# #. "( #$ K D - #-(%E ' ( &# ! & #$ # " ./2 " D E "( #$ # ./2 "$ #( $#).# # # 5 K " "$ ' ( #$- #$ " & #$ # " ./2 " DKE " (" ./2 " )# D E /$ " #(" # # #( "-" " P B $# - # # 3# " /( $ $ #( - # . # % ("$ "."$ % -"2 # #$ )# # " $ ."% 3#( # # "((#
  •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
  • 14. B A 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.3 Gw:10.1.1.1 Gw:10.1.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.131 ROUTER1 D C 10.1.1.129 Gw:10.1.1.129 Gw:10.1.1.129 10.1.1.130 INTERNET 172.25.40.91 ' ( - ( )*" # # -" " #( # ".' # -"2 # #$ # # $#).# $ # # # . 5 2 # $ #.- # 2 # K 2 # " # 3 " "()? - # .# $";# " % 7$ # # )" 2 # $# # "-$ (" # "."$5 $# #2 # / . # ! # #$ (" #( # #$- # # " (" - $*5 #( .# $";# 2 # 3" #$ " " % 2 # / # "-$ (" # " "." +# # $- /5 # " # " (" ) " M5 #( 0 ." 4 #" #$ % ! &#% #" #$ % #" ! &#% ' & ( ()*(*(*+ ()*(*(*(+( &# 5 -" " 2 # #$# .# $";# - # " # "-$ (" $# # #$" ." # "5 $# / # #$" 2 # K 1 " (" # ! # #$ 5 #$ # 1 " (" # ! #( # 2 # #$- # " (" - & ( " 5 #( - .# -"$ 2 # #;# " (" ./2 " K #$ .- '" $ # $ "'(" & $- # # #$" 0 ." ! "$ "0 ." 3 5 (" #< "# % $ %# (" "." +# # # " $ 2 # $# +" . $ " " # .# # #.'" ) 5 # "$ #)" 3 5 #$ # #$" 2 # "() # - - # #$" 0 ." ! " (" ./2 " K5 -" " 2 # #$ " - # " $ (" "." +# # # " $ 2 # # "-$ (" #( .# $";# 2 # $# 2 # # # 3 " #" #$ % ! &#% #" #$ % #" ! &#% ' ,- ()*(*(*+ ()*(*(*(+( $ # #$ # . .# 5 ! # . # 1" (" #;# ! #( - ( & & ( 2 # $# #.-(#" -" " "3# ) " #$# " 2 # (# 0"( " " K -" " - # # 3*" (" "." # " $ +# # " &" " #(( 5 # - .# ( )" 5 % "$ .- '" K 2 # (" # ! - # (" ./2 " -# # # # " $ $#).# # " $5 " # # " $ "'(" & # ' $ " # (" #( $- $ 3 # ". " 2 # (# - - # $"( " +"$ " & $ # .# #5 % "$ .- '" 2 # ".- $- # # #$" 0 ." ! 5 # (" #( # #$- # # " (" 5 # #$ )# # " #( $ ) # # -"2 # # &4 " . / 0 # ! & # ! J K " 9 ' J J
  •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
  •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
  • 17. # ( " ") "." & 3 ";" - (" # # "-$ (" # (" "." 0*$ " 0 ) " B 4 ' ( % "-$ (" ! #( " ") "." & # " "." +# # ," "'# # " # " ") "." & #$ . + ./$ .-(#;" 2 # #( # "'#1". # # " "." 0*$ "5 #$ # 5 - $## . + $ ./$ ".- $ # ( ( 0 ." #( " ") "." & 2 # " #- #$# " # (" 0 ) " P ( "."= # (" "'# # " #$ # '% #$5 " $# 2 # - #$# # - #$ ( ' ./$ $ ) 0 " 3 #$ / ." " . # #( (" 12 # 5 . # "$ 2 # #( .# $ $ ) 0 " 3 # (" -"("' " # J ' $ $# # 2 # " . J # #( (" # # + , $ # $ # " " -"("' " # J ' $ $# " $. # #.-#1" - #( +"$ " #( J ' ( ." #( " ") "." & ," 3# $ ! # $ " "( # & #$ (" B ".' 7 " . &3B " 2 # %" +" .# 1" " $# -# " 3" (" &3: ( ".- ) $ ' # B ' $ " $- " #$ " 0 ." ! ( ".- . " #( ?.# # ) - $ # " '% #$ 2 # .- # (" "'# # "5 ( %# ("$ - #$ #3# "(#$ & #$ 2 # $ "."= #$ # B ' $5 # #. $ 2 # (" ( ) ./< ." # (" "'# # " & #$ # : '% #$ $ # ".- - $## +"' "(.# # #( 3"( P " #< $ # - #$ #$- # # " '% #$ Datos del datagrama Datos de la trama Encabezado de la trama Encabezado del datagrama % %
  •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
  •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irección de red Dirección de máquina 0 31
  •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
  • 21. #" $ ' # #$5 - #;#.-( J 0 ) " 9 5 # # #$ " # # #$ " *". $ ".-( " (" ./$ " " . .* . ' $ ./$ -" " # # "$* B $ ' # #$5 " ./$ # ("$ # #$" "$ # #$ # . 2 # " *" " ./$ " " # : : $- *". $ # #$ # "$ # ("$ $ ) # #$ $ ' # #$ (" $ ) # # .# " ! 4 • ! : : : : • ! : 2% : : • ! : 5 : : •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
  •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
  •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
  •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
  •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
  •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
  • 27. # = # ! # ! 4 # " # " " (" -/) " 8#' 888 ) )(# . % #;# " #( . # # 6 #$+" G ' # 0 " #( - # $- $ 3 # # # 0" # # "- " - # # " ".' " #( . # "- " " - . $ % - . $ '$# 3" ("$ 0# # "$ # (" "- " - # # " 3" " #( ?.# ./< . # '% #$ # "." 2 # $# 2 # # "- " & #0# :M '% #$ # - # # " 3 $ "( 1" ( $ " $ "( #.- 2 # $# "- " ; # + & + 4 ! " 7 " # " (" -/) " 8#'5 888 #-$ " #$ % +"1 " "- " # "."$ #( . 6 #$+" G • # 0 " " " # ( $ -" /.# $ # (" "- "4 ?.# # -"2 # #$5 #.- # "- "5 # ! )# % #$ # " " -"2 # #5 - # -"2 # # # 0 ." ! # " $ #( -"2 # # • # 0 " ( $ -"2 # #$ # $ # " # # . " " "." "- " " # " # " $ 3#( # (" " 2 # " & & -"2 # # &5 -"2 # # &5# • .- #'" ( $ " $ # " "." % .-" "( $ (" 0 ." ! 2 # # # (" -/) " 8#' " " ("$ "."$ 2 # # # #$" 0 ." ! • .-(#" (" - ! 4< 7 % #$ " ("$ "."$ 2 # $"(# # 8 < ( / ! # " ". ( " 1"$# ("$ "- "$5 " 3" #$" 3" - $ '(#$ - ( $ $ $ #- '(#$ # $# "- " $ • &" " #(( "- " 888 8" " #$5 % ." " ("$ "."$ + - #$- 7$5 #"( 1" (" . $." "- " #$" 3" $ ( $ - ( $ .# $ #( + - 4< 7 " * '$# 3" ("$ 0# # "$ ' - # # " " $(" -"2 # # . $ / ( # " 3# " " #-# # # • &" " #(( #.-(#" (" - ! = 7 ; -" " " $(" -"2 # # & # # # $ ( $ ' # $ # (" "- " " # • "'" #( -"2 # # "- " % ." " 5 # 0 +# # % ' & # ) # & A < ! " "- " ("$ "."$ " # #( - #$ # #< ! " 888 " #$5 #"( 1" ( $ $ ) # #$ 0 ( $ -" " 3 $ "( 1" ? ".# # ("$ "."$ 2 # $# - # " " (" $ "< $ # ( $ 0 ( $5 # " " "$ 5 (" - ! 4< 7! 4 *
  • 28. $ • ( " ("$ "."$ ) "$ " ./2 " • ( " ("$ "."$ 2 # - # # # ./2 " • ( " ("$ "."$ 2 # - # # # (" ./2 " # # # . " .-"=# • ( " ("$ "."$ 2 # $#" # ' " "$ • ( " ("$ "."$ 2 # #.-(#" #( - ( & • ( " ("$ "."$ 2 # #.-(#" #( - ( & % % - # )# #$ M • ( " ("$ "."$ 2 # # # -"2 # #$ & # " ( ) ."% 2 # 9 • ( " ("$ "."$ +# # ( ) ."% 2 # B ' # " "( $# 3 888 %" . % "- "5 ? ".# #5 ("$ $ ) # #$ "."$4 • ,"$ "."$ ) "$ " ./2 " • ,"$ "."$ 2 # - # " # ./2 " • ,"$ "."$ 2 # - # # # (" ./2 " > BJ J • ,"$ "."$ # #$ #( - ' " "$ • ,"$ "."$ & # #$ #( - ' " "$ • ,"$ "."$ 2 # #.-(#" - # M • ,"$ "."$ 2 # #.-(#" - ( & % - # #$ #$ #( M •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
  • 29. % " % ' # #( . # # # # # (" "- " % 3 $ "( 1" (" 0 ( -" " 3 $ "( 1" $!( "."$ & "$ " "$ " (" ./2 " #( "( . • U / "$ "."$ # 3 # # # (" #$ ( ! &W o #$ *'"$# (" $# # " # "."$ 3 ( " "$5 ; $ 0 " "$ ("$ # #$ # & 2 # "-" # # • U /( #$ #( #$ " " "( # (" .#. " " +7 # &W • X (3# " #;# " #( ." - ) " (" . $." ./2 " % '$# 3" (" $# # " # "."$ & U -" # # ("$ . $."$ "."$ &W U& 2 7W / ;# " #( ." > 0# # #$ # #$ & # ( $ .-"=# $ "$ $ # #$ " - / "$ UV 7 # (" .#. " " +7 # &W ;# " #( ." > ("$ $ ) # #$ # #$ &4 J > 5 B 5 B P5 > B B R -" " " " " # ("$ #;# #$ #$- # " ("$ $ ) # #$ - #) "$4 • U / "$ "."$ # 3 # # # (" #$ ( ! &W U / "$ "."$ 2 # # "-$ (" & # ("$ 2 # # 3 # # # (" #$ ( ! & - # # $# "- " "$ #$ # (" ./2 " #( "( . W #$ *'"$# (" $# # " # "."$ 3 ( " "$5 ; $ 0 " "$ ("$ # #$ # & 2 # "-" # # • UV 7 # (" .#. " " +7 # &W UV 7 0# # " #< $ # #$-# "( #;# " # W # 3 & & ! & (, & ' ( % #$ '# (" $# # " # "."$ & )# # " "$ " (" ./2 " #;# " #( ." F- ) Y F &" " #(( $ -! )"$# 2 # ("$ "'("$ & # "$ ("$ ./2 "$ #$ / 3" *"$ U / "$ "."$ # 3 # # # (" #$ ( ! &W U /(#$ $ ("$ # #$ # +"$ "."$W UV 7 - $ # -"2 # #$ & # "-$ (" #$"$ "."$W UV 7 0 ." ! " $- " W BA HUB ROUTER1 DC ROUTER2 E F SWITCH 10.1.2.1 10.1.2.2 10.1.4.1 10.1.4.2 10.1.3.1 10.1.3.2 10.1.2.3 10.1.3.3 10.1.3.4 10.1.4.3 Gw:10.1.2.3 Gw:10.1.2.3 Gw:10.1.4.3 Gw:10.1.4.3 Gw:10.1.3.4 Gw:10.1.3.3 10.1.2.0/255 255 255 0 10.1.4.0/255 255 255 0 10.1.3.0/255 255 255 0 Gw:10.1.3.4 Gw:10.1.3.4 ' ( % - ( ) " # # , . 3/ $ $#).# $ # # % $- $ 3 $ # # #< !
  • 30. & / #$ '# (" $# # " # "."$ & )# # " "$ " (" ./2 " #;# " #( ." F- ) Y B F &" " #(( $ -! )"$# 2 # ("$ "'("$ & # "$ ("$ ./2 "$ #$ / 3" *"$ U / "$ "."$ # 3 # # # (" #$ ( ! &W U /(#$ $ ("$ # #$ # +"$ "."$W UV 7 - $ # -"2 # #$ & # "-$ (" #$"$ "."$W UV 7 0 ." ! " $- " W #$ '# (" $# # " # "."$ & )# # " "$ " (" ./2 " #;# " #( ." F- ) Y B F &" " #(( $ -! )"$# 2 # (" ./2 " # # (" # ! # U / "$ "."$ # 3 # # # (" #$ ( ! &W U /(#$ $ ("$ # #$ # +"$ "."$W UV 7 - $ # -"2 # #$ & # "-$ (" #$"$ "."$W UV 7 0 ." ! " $- " W #$ '# (" $# # " # "."$ & )# # " "$ " (" ./2 " #;# " #( ." F- ) Y BF &" " #(( $ -! )"$# 2 # ("$ "'("$ & # "$ ("$ ./2 "$ #$ / 3" *"$ U / "$ "."$ # 3 # # # (" #$ ( ! &W U /(#$ $ ("$ # #$ # +"$ "."$W UV 7 - $ # -"2 # #$ & # "-$ (" #$"$ "."$W UV 7 0 ." ! " $- " W = # 4 # 5 4 #" (" # ! # # & P BP :B ./$ " " "$ " " PP PP PB .-( " (" ./$ " " # $ ' # # $ ' $5 " #( #3 3"( # # . " #( " ) # # #$ & 2 # - # # #.-(#" $# -" " .# " ./2 "$ # " " " # ("$ $ ' # #$ ' # "$ # (" ".-( " ! / # # . " #( " ) # # #$ & -" " ("$ ./2 "$ # ("$ $ ' # #$ 2 # $# ' # # # ".-( " # $ ' $ (" # ! # # J " " (" # ! # # & J ./$ " " "$ " " PP PB # 2 # # ".-( " (" ./$ " " # $ ' $ U /( #$ (" #3" ./$ " "WU / "$ $ ' # #$ $# - # # 0 ) " W # # . " $ $ # #$ & U / "$ ./2 "$ $# - # # 0 ) " # " " " # ("$ $ ' # #$W # # . " #( " ) # # #$ & -" " .# " ./2 "$ # " " " # ("$ $ ' # #$ ' # "$ # (" ".-( " ! # 7& # # ( 4 # "( 1" ( $ " ") "."$ & "- " $ #( . # # " $# " # # " ("$ $ ) # #$ -/) "$ 8#'4 + -4 888 0 $ $ " #$5 + -4 888 " 3" " #$5 + -4 888 #(. #$5 + -4 888 #(-" $ . • U /( #$ $ ( ) W • UV 7 "-" # # # #( ".- # & ( W • # 0 " (" ("$# # # ! "$ " " " " " # ! & 0 # # #$ • # 0 " #( 3"( # ( $ - # $ )# % #$ 2 # "-" # # # (" "'# # " #( - ( #( 3#( # " $- # "$ " "( - ( # "-( " ! + -
  • 31. • U /( #$ (" & # ( $ $# 3 #$ 8#' 2 # - - " #$ $ $ #W / -" # (" "- " # "."$ #"( 1" " .# " # #( $ #( . # # % #- #$# " " # (" 0 ) " P • # 0 " (" # ! & )# % #$ U /(#$ $ W U 2 7 ("$# -# # # # " " "W • # 0 " ( $ - # $ )# % #$ •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