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IZVORI I MOGUCNOSTI
SAZNANJA
• SAZNATI NEKU POJAVU U STVARNOSTI ZNACI
POSTATISVESTAN NJENIH BITNIH OSOBINA I ODNOSA PREMA
DRUGIM POJAVAMA.
• MI MOZEMO BITI SUBJEKTIVNO UVERENI DA NESTO
ZNAMO,I U TOME MOZEMO BITI U PRAVU ILI SE VARATI.
• DA BI SE MOGLO UTVRDITI DA JE NASE ZNANJE ZAISTA
OBJEKTIVNO I PRIHVATLJIVO I DRUGIM LJUDIMA,MORAJU
BITI ZADOVOLJENI ODREDJENI KRITERIJUMI
• Na primer,kad neko tvrdi da je otkrio jedan novi hemijski
element,drustvo ce usvojiti da je on zaista dosao do novog saznanja
:
• Ako moze da razumljivo opise taj novi element,
• Ako pokase pod kojim iskustvenim uslovima se on moze indetifikovati,
• Ako obrazlozi zasto smatra da je materija koju je otkrio novi element,a
ne neko poznato jedinjenje ili legura,
• Ako uspe da utvrdi kakvim radnjama se taj novi element moze
prakticno proizvesti.
IZVORI SAZNANJA
•Culno iskustvo(Empirizam)
•Razumsko saznanje(Racionalizam)
•Intuitivno saznanje(Intuicionizam)
EMPIRIZAM
• Empirizam je filozovski pravac koji smatra da je
culno iskustvo najvazniji ili cak jedini izvor
saznjanja.
• Predstavnici su bili Lok I Hjum.
RACIONALIZAM
• Filozovi unutar pravca pod imenom
Racionalizam,smatrali su da je razum jedini ili
najvazniji izvor saznanja.
• Predstavnici su Platon,Dekart I drugi...
INTUICIONIZAM
• Intuicionizam je svaka filozofska teorija koja za
polaziste saznanja uzima intuiciju.
• Predstavnik je Anri Bergson.
SKEPTICIZAM
• Filozofsko stanoviste koje osporava mogucnost naseg
znanja I pita se da li mi mozemo uopste biti sigurni da
bilo sta znamo zove se skepticizam.
• Krajnji oblik skepticizma je solipsizam,po kome covek
ne moze biti siguran da bilo sta na svetu osim njega
samog uopste postoji.
• Argument skeptika je da nas cula mogu u svemu
varati.
SKEPTICIZAM
• Bertrand Rasl je na sledeci nacin pojacao argumente
skepticizma:
• "Kad na puti vidim kamen,moze izgledati da sam sam sebi
dokazao da kamen postoji,onda kad sam ga udario nogom
I osetio bol.U stvari,time ne samo sto nisam dokazao
postojanje kamena,vec ne mogu biti siguran ni da postoji
moja noga u kojoj sam osetio bol.Jer bol se moze doziveti I
bez ikakvog spoljasnjeg uzroka,ili u delu tela koga davno
vec nema – fantomski ud."

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Logika Prezentacija Terzic

  • 1. IZVORI I MOGUCNOSTI SAZNANJA • SAZNATI NEKU POJAVU U STVARNOSTI ZNACI POSTATISVESTAN NJENIH BITNIH OSOBINA I ODNOSA PREMA DRUGIM POJAVAMA. • MI MOZEMO BITI SUBJEKTIVNO UVERENI DA NESTO ZNAMO,I U TOME MOZEMO BITI U PRAVU ILI SE VARATI. • DA BI SE MOGLO UTVRDITI DA JE NASE ZNANJE ZAISTA OBJEKTIVNO I PRIHVATLJIVO I DRUGIM LJUDIMA,MORAJU BITI ZADOVOLJENI ODREDJENI KRITERIJUMI
  • 2. • Na primer,kad neko tvrdi da je otkrio jedan novi hemijski element,drustvo ce usvojiti da je on zaista dosao do novog saznanja : • Ako moze da razumljivo opise taj novi element, • Ako pokase pod kojim iskustvenim uslovima se on moze indetifikovati, • Ako obrazlozi zasto smatra da je materija koju je otkrio novi element,a ne neko poznato jedinjenje ili legura, • Ako uspe da utvrdi kakvim radnjama se taj novi element moze prakticno proizvesti.
  • 3. IZVORI SAZNANJA •Culno iskustvo(Empirizam) •Razumsko saznanje(Racionalizam) •Intuitivno saznanje(Intuicionizam)
  • 4. EMPIRIZAM • Empirizam je filozovski pravac koji smatra da je culno iskustvo najvazniji ili cak jedini izvor saznjanja. • Predstavnici su bili Lok I Hjum.
  • 5. RACIONALIZAM • Filozovi unutar pravca pod imenom Racionalizam,smatrali su da je razum jedini ili najvazniji izvor saznanja. • Predstavnici su Platon,Dekart I drugi...
  • 6. INTUICIONIZAM • Intuicionizam je svaka filozofska teorija koja za polaziste saznanja uzima intuiciju. • Predstavnik je Anri Bergson.
  • 7. SKEPTICIZAM • Filozofsko stanoviste koje osporava mogucnost naseg znanja I pita se da li mi mozemo uopste biti sigurni da bilo sta znamo zove se skepticizam. • Krajnji oblik skepticizma je solipsizam,po kome covek ne moze biti siguran da bilo sta na svetu osim njega samog uopste postoji. • Argument skeptika je da nas cula mogu u svemu varati.
  • 8. SKEPTICIZAM • Bertrand Rasl je na sledeci nacin pojacao argumente skepticizma: • "Kad na puti vidim kamen,moze izgledati da sam sam sebi dokazao da kamen postoji,onda kad sam ga udario nogom I osetio bol.U stvari,time ne samo sto nisam dokazao postojanje kamena,vec ne mogu biti siguran ni da postoji moja noga u kojoj sam osetio bol.Jer bol se moze doziveti I bez ikakvog spoljasnjeg uzroka,ili u delu tela koga davno vec nema – fantomski ud."