SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 26
Download to read offline
方劑學實驗-丸劑
藥 四 甲 5 7 徐 崇 銘
第 五 組
杞菊地黃丸製備
A
B
C
熟悉製備蜜丸的流程,掌
握製作時應注意之細節以
吻合成品應有的質地。
熟悉手搖式製丸機的操作。
熟悉杞菊地黃丸的方劑組
成及療效,同時了解煉製
蜂蜜的目的及方法。
在胃腸道崩解緩慢,逐漸釋放藥物,
作用持 久。故李東垣謂者:“丸者緩
也,不能遠去也,其用藥舒緩而治
之意也。煉蜜為丸,取其遲化。“故
一般用于慢性、虛弱性疾病。
一
對毒劇藥及刺激性藥物可以緩和吸
收,減少毒性和不良反應。
二
在製備中可容納固體、半固體粘性
藥材或浸出液,一些難入煎劑的藥
物,或貴重芳香不宜久煎的藥物。
三
可利用賦型劑或丸衣來掩蓋主藥的
不良氣味。但是,丸劑也存在著一
些缺點,如:服用量相較湯劑不易加
減變化、小兒服用困難,以及長菌
生霉等。
四
比較
項目
蜜丸 水丸 糊丸 蠟丸
製作
方法
蜜丸是將生藥細粉,以
煉製過的蜂蜜為粘合劑
製成的丸劑。
利用藥料粉末的黏性,用水或略
具黏性的水溶液,制成丸劑,叫
做水丸。因為水丸在制作過程中
逐漸撒布水分和藥丸,使丸形逐
漸增大,所以也稱水泛丸。
將制糊用的粉(含糯米糊、
麵糊、米糊),以水潤濕
後加熱,使成稠糊,作為
藥料的賦型劑,制成的丸
藥謂之糊丸。
以蜂蠟為賦形劑而製成的藥
丸謂之蠟丸。
特性
蜜丸由於含水量少,崩
解緩慢。
制作時設備簡單,經濟方便,但
其制備時技術性要求較嚴,崩解
度易掌握。
糊丸的崩解時限,比水丸
和蜜丸緩慢,內服時,可
以延長藥效,又能減少對
胃腸的刺激。
取其難化而旋取效,或毒藥
不傷脾胃。
劑型
應用
蜂蜜中含有大量的葡萄
糖及果糖等,有賦形、
矯味及營養的功能。蜜
丸常用于慢性病及需要
滋補的疾病。
水丸服後較糊丸、蠟丸等在體內
易於崩解,較快被吸收,入口後
能隨水吞咽,便于服用。
有些具刺激性的藥粉,需
要在體內緩慢吸收的藥物,
以及有劇毒的藥物,常制
備成糊丸。
蠟丸崩解比糊丸還慢,使藥
效緩緩發揮。
 一些方劑中含多量的劇毒
藥物或刺激性強的藥物,
與蠟混合後,在人體內徐
徐崩解吸收,以防中毒或
過強的刺激。
 一些要求在腸道吸收以達
到療效的藥物,可採用蠟
丸。
【製法用量】
熟地黃24克、山茱萸12克、山藥12克、澤瀉9克、牡丹
皮9克、茯苓9克、枸杞子9克、菊花9克。
【功效】滋腎養肝,補血明目。
【主治】
肝腎陰虛而致兩眼昏花,視物不明,或眼睛乾澀,迎風
流淚,耳鳴,腰膝痠軟,舌偏紅,少苔,脈細數。
【方義】
本方為六味地黃丸加入枸杞子、菊花而成,故除有補益
肝腎之功外,兼有清肝明目之作用。方中六味地黃丸滋
補肝腎,治肝腎陰虛之腰膝痠軟,眼花頭暈,耳鳴耳聾
等證;枸杞子味苦微甘、性微寒,入肝腎二經,既可補
益肝腎,兼可養肝明目;菊花清肝明目,疏散風熱。
【注意禁忌】服用本方,忌食酸性及生冷食物。
【基源】玄參科 Scrophulariaceae
【拉丁學名】
Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaert.) Libosch. ex Fisch. et Mey.
【用部】以塊根加工蒸曬而成入藥。
【性味】味甘,性溫。
【主要成分】
益母草苷(leonuride),桃葉珊瑚苷(aucubin),梓醇(catalpol),
地黃苷(rehmannioside)A、B、C、D等。單萜成分: 焦地黃素
(jioglutin)A、B、C,焦地黃內酯(jioglutolide)等。
【藥理作用】
對腎上腺皮質功能及皮質醇分解代謝的影響;抗放射作用;保
肝作用;對血糖的影響及對心血管系統的作用。
【功效】補益肝腎,澀精固脫。
【主治用法】
血虎萎黃;眩暈心悸;月經不調;崩不止;肝腎陰虧;潮熱盜
汗;遺精陽痿;不育不孕;腰膝酸軟;耳鳴耳聾;頭目昏花;
鬚髮早白;消渴;便秘;腎虛喘促。內服: 煎湯,10-30克;
或入丸散;或熬膏,或浸酒。
【基源】山茱萸科 Cornaceae
【拉丁學名】Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.
【用部】除去果核的乾燥成熟果實(果肉)。
【性味】酸、澀,微溫。
【主要成分】山茱萸鞣質1、2、3、蔞屬鞣質及山茱萸裂苷等。
【藥理作用】
抗炎、對失血性休克作用,抑制血小板聚集,抗菌,抗疲勞、
耐缺氧和增強記憶力。
【功效】補益肝腎,澀精固脫。
【主治用法】
眩暈耳鳴,腰膝酸痛,陽痿遺精,遺尿尿頻,崩漏帶下,大
汗虛脫,內熱消渴。內服: 煎湯,5-10克;或入丸、散。
【基源】薯蕷科 Dioscoreaceae
【拉丁學名】 Dioscorea opposita Thunb.
【用部】以塊莖入藥。
【性味】甘,平,無毒。
【主要成分】主要含皂苷、粘液質、膽鹼、澱粉等成分。
【藥理作用】降血糖作用,滋補作用,對免疫功能的影響。
【功效】健脾,補肺,固腎,益精。
【主治用法】
脾虛泄瀉,久痢,虛勞咳嗽,消渴,遺精、帶下,小便頻數。
內服: 煎湯,3-6錢;或入丸、散。外用: 搗敷。
【基源】澤瀉科 Alismataceae
【拉丁學名】 Alisma orientalis (Sam.) Juzep.
【用部】以塊莖、葉、果實入藥。
【性味】塊莖: 甘、淡,寒。
【主要成分】含澤瀉醇(alisol)A、B、C,澤瀉醇單乙酸酯(alisol
A monoacetate) A 、 B 、 C等。
【藥理作用】塊莖: 利尿,降血壓,降血脂與抗動脈粥樣硬化,
抗脂肪肝,抗炎,降血糖,減肥。
【功效】塊莖: 利水滲濕,泄熱通淋。
【主治用法】
塊莖: 小便不利,熱淋澀痛,水腫脹滿,泄瀉,痰飲眩暈,遺
精。內服: 煎湯,6-12克;或入丸、散。
【基源】毛茛科 Ranunculaceae
【拉丁學名】 Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews
【用部】以根皮入藥。中藥名: 牡丹皮。。
【性味】辛、苦,涼。
【主要成分】主要含牡丹酚,揮發油等成分。
【藥理作用】抑菌作用,抗凝作用。
【功效】清熱,涼血,和血,消瘀。
【主治用法】
熱入血分,發斑,驚癇,吐血,衄血,便血,骨蒸勞熱,
經閉,症瘕,癰瘍,撲損。內服: 煎湯,1.5-3錢;或
入丸、散。
【基源】多孔菌科 Polyporaceae
【拉丁學名】Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf
【用部】乾燥菌核。
【性味】甘、淡,平。。
【主要成分】主要含茯苓聚糖、茯苓酸等。
【藥理作用】茯苓具利尿作用,能增加尿中鉀、鈉、氯
等電解質的排出。此外,還有鎮靜和降低血糖作用。
【功效】利水滲濕,健脾安神。
【主治用法】
用於各種水腫,治脾虛洩瀉,心悸失眠。煎服,10~
15g。
【基源】茄科 Solanaceae
【拉丁學名】 Lycium barbarum L.
【用部】乾燥成熟果實。
【性味】甘,平。
【主要成分】含枸杞多糖約5%,有促進免疫功能和抗衰
老作用。另含甜菜鹼(Betaine)1.18%~1.28%。
【藥理作用】枸杞子水提液及枸杞多糖增強機體免疫功
能,保護肝臟,降血糖血脂血壓。
【功效】補腎益精,養肝明目的功效。
【主治用法】
治肝腎陰虛,腰膝痠軟,頭目眩暈,視力減退,消渴,
遺精。煎服:6~12g。
【基源】 菊科 Asteraceae
【拉丁學名】 Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.
【用部】以頭狀花序入藥。
【性味】味甘、苦,性微寒。
【主要成分】含龍腦(borneol),樟腦(camphor),菊油
環酮(chrysanthenone),大波斯菊苷(cosmosiin)等。
【藥理作用】抗菌,影響心血管系統。
【功效】疏風清熱,平肝明目,解毒消腫。
【主治用法】
用於外感風熱火風溫初起,發熱頭痛,眩暈,目赤腫痛,
疔瘡腫毒。內服: 煎湯,10-15克;或入丸、散;或泡
茶。外用: 適量,煎水洗;或搗爛敷。
杞菊地黃散 電子磅秤 不鏽鋼圓盤
手搖式製丸機 不鏽鋼方盤 煉製過的蜂蜜
秤取50g杞菊地黃粉放置鐵盤
的一隅備用。
01 02
由老師秤取已經提前煉製的
蜂蜜約40g。
03
將杞菊地黃粉的中間挖一個
小洞,將蜂蜜倒入。
加以混和並持續搓揉,使其成團
塊,過程中可感受到團塊顏色變
黑變黏,此時繼續加粉搓揉使其
黏度降低,必要時,可拋摔使其
更加結實。
04 05 於小鐵鍋上倒些許橄欖油,並
以手將其塗勻,避免丸劑之中
間品及成品沾黏於鐵鍋上。
06 將混合好的藥團分成3份,
揉成圓形,以手搖式製丸機
壓扁成片狀並輾成條狀。
將條狀藥團個別分離後,放
入手搖式製丸機搓成丸狀。
07 08
成品理想狀況為均勻黝黑,富
含光澤,氣味宜人。
09
實驗開始及結束都要用紗布
沾RO水將溝槽洗淨。
一開始將蜂蜜倒進去混和時,混和了一段時間都還是明顯的粉末
感,一度懷疑自己的粉是不是已經太多,搓揉一段時間以後,顏
色開始變深,黏度也開始驟升,果然吻合了老師上課時說會需要
補粉的手感,為節省時間及精力,我們將藥團分成三份分工合作,
以求團塊能盡早擁有勻稱同時黏度適中的質地。每次沾粉後,揉
搓一段時間,黏度還是回到原本的樣子,深刻體驗到老師說手會
很酸的原因,還好有組員的協助,過程不會很累也沒有產生職業
傷害,最後,中間還是補了一次粉才達到適合進入製丸機的狀態。
我們使用的製丸劑看起來機型比較舊,但經比較後,壓得比較緊
實,而且其他機型製出來的丸劑偏圓柱形,而我們的成品是看起
來有模有樣的圓形。缺點是可能因為機械結構的關係,在壓扁及
切條的過程很容易卡在機器裡,所幸都能順利取出,經過幾次的
失敗及熟悉機況才完成實驗。
完成後組員都躍躍欲試自己手作的滋味,前段有點可可風味,隨
即迎來的是中段的葡萄乾口感,最後以藥材的微微苦味收尾,
整體而言,大家都覺得滿好吃的。最後,想謝謝老師每次實驗過
程的熱心協助,讓我們能沒有壓力的落實步驟同時收穫滿滿。
THANK
YOU
p
i
l
l
s
C
h
i
n
e
s
e
h
e
r
b
a
l
第 五 小 隊

More Related Content

Featured

How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024Albert Qian
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsKurio // The Social Media Age(ncy)
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Search Engine Journal
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summarySpeakerHub
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Tessa Mero
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentLily Ray
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best PracticesVit Horky
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementMindGenius
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...RachelPearson36
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Applitools
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at WorkGetSmarter
 
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...DevGAMM Conference
 
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy PresentationBarbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy PresentationErica Santiago
 
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellGood Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellSaba Software
 
Introduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming LanguageIntroduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming LanguageSimplilearn
 

Featured (20)

How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
How to Prepare For a Successful Job Search for 2024
 
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie InsightsSocial Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
Social Media Marketing Trends 2024 // The Global Indie Insights
 
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
Trends In Paid Search: Navigating The Digital Landscape In 2024
 
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
5 Public speaking tips from TED - Visualized summary
 
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
ChatGPT and the Future of Work - Clark Boyd
 
Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next Getting into the tech field. what next
Getting into the tech field. what next
 
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search IntentGoogle's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
Google's Just Not That Into You: Understanding Core Updates & Search Intent
 
How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations How to have difficult conversations
How to have difficult conversations
 
Introduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data ScienceIntroduction to Data Science
Introduction to Data Science
 
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity -  Best PracticesTime Management & Productivity -  Best Practices
Time Management & Productivity - Best Practices
 
The six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project managementThe six step guide to practical project management
The six step guide to practical project management
 
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
Beginners Guide to TikTok for Search - Rachel Pearson - We are Tilt __ Bright...
 
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
Unlocking the Power of ChatGPT and AI in Testing - A Real-World Look, present...
 
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
12 Ways to Increase Your Influence at Work
 
ChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slidesChatGPT webinar slides
ChatGPT webinar slides
 
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike RoutesMore than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
More than Just Lines on a Map: Best Practices for U.S Bike Routes
 
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
Ride the Storm: Navigating Through Unstable Periods / Katerina Rudko (Belka G...
 
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy PresentationBarbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
Barbie - Brand Strategy Presentation
 
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them wellGood Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
Good Stuff Happens in 1:1 Meetings: Why you need them and how to do them well
 
Introduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming LanguageIntroduction to C Programming Language
Introduction to C Programming Language
 

方劑學實驗-杞菊地黃丸之製備.pptx