The ASHRAE Building Energy Labeling Program

THE ASHRAE
BUILDING ENERGY
LABELING PROGRAM
William P. Bahnfleth, PhD, PE, FASHRAE, FASME
The Pennsylvania State University

ASHRAE Illinois Chapter
December 11, 2012

11 Dec 2012 ASHRAE Illinois Chapter

Outline
• Background
• ASHRAE’s Labeling Program –Overview
• In-Operation bEQ Details
• bEQ and Certification
• Relationship of bEQ to Other Programs
• Program Implementation
• Current Status
• Summary
• Further Information


Background


Labeling = Energy Certification
• Description of energy use characteristics
• Information for prospective users concerning efficiency
• Options for improvement

L. Pérez-Lombard, et al. 2009. Energy and Buildings 41: 272-278.


Objectives/Benefits of Labeling
• Promote energy
efficiency in real estate
market
• Identify buildings with
good performance for
potential tenants/buyers
• Identify energy efficiency
measures
• Support regulation of
building efficiency
• Add to building
performance database


Why is ASHRAE getting involved?
• Technical capability
• Experience as a consensus standards developer
• Growing emphasis on building performance
• Energy certification is being implemented worldwide—
ASHRAE’s global influence supports consistent standards


Other Building Rating Efforts
• International - EU, Singapore, Canada…
• U.S.:
• EPA ENERGY STAR
• DOE asset rating (under development)
• USGBC LEED
• GBI Green Globes – Sustainability rating
• BOMA 360 – Energy is one of six O&M-focused criteria
• State disclosure programs– California, New York, DC…


Status of US Disclosure Programs

Source: Institute for Market Transformation http://www.imt.org/performance-policy/us-policies updated 11/12


Coverage of Current Disclosure Policies

Floor area, ft2 # of Buildings

Source: Institute for Market Transformation http://www.imt.org/performance-policy/us-policies updated 11/12


Why Should Professionals & Owners Care?
• Professionals
• An additional service for consulting firms and others
• Required certifications demonstrate competency
• Owners
• Benchmarking
• Participation enhances a company’s image reputation
• Economic benefit of improving design and operation
• Potential for mandatory labeling and related requirements in future


Key Issues
• Modeled or measured (new/existing)
• Performance index
• Energy labeling scale
• Energy modeling/measurement method
• Information gathering requirements (what, by whom)
• Identification of energy efficiency measures
• Communication: (label, dashboard, certificate, workbook)
• Implementation: voluntary vs. mandatory


ASHRAE’s Labeling Program - Overview


“Building Energy Quotient” (bEQ)
• “As Designed” rating
• New or existing building
• Based on components specified in design
• Rates quality of building design
• Based on energy model by certified modeler (BEMP)
• “In Operation” rating
• Existing buildings
• Based on measured energy use
• Rates combined effect of design and operation
• Requires 12-18 months of operation for new buildings
• Includes ASHRAE Level 1 audit by certified assessor (BEAP)


Performance Index
• What is measured?
• Site energy
• Source energy
• On-site renewables
• Emissions
• What is the reference case?
• Occupancy
• Climate zone
• ???


ASHRAE’s Index
• Normalized Source
Energy Use Intensity
• Modeled (As Designed) or
measured (In Operation)
energy per unit of area
• Represent as % of
modeled or calculated
reference value


As Designed bEQ
• EUIAs-Built
• Source energy use of actual building design computed using
standard occupancy and operational schedules
• Site-source conversion based on typical conversion factors

• EUIStandard
• Representative middle-of-distribution performance

EUI As − Built
=
bEQAs Designed ⋅100
EUI Standard


In Operation bEQ
• EUIMeasured
• Measured energy use intensity

• EUIMedian
• Median measured energy use for similar type, climate

EUI Measured
=
bEQIn Operation ⋅100
EUI Median


As Designed & In Operation Rating
Coordination?
• Ideally, could compare asset and operational rating

• However...
• Modeling for asset rating based on standardized assumptions
• In Operation rating reflects behavior of real occupants, may
included loads not modeled in asset rating

• Modeling rules need to achieve ~ median EUI for real
buildings


Rating Scale Approaches
Statistical Technical Potential

Compare value to mean of actual distribution Compare to what is possible,
practical, typical as defined by codes

Technical potential scales can rate performance that falls outside the current
distribution, like net zero or net positive buildings


Technical Potential vs. Statistical Scale


Communication – bEQ Scales
Rating Scale Rating Description
Original Revised Original Revised
≤0 ≤0 A+ Net-Zero Energy Zero Net Energy
1-25 1-25 A High Performance High Performance
26-50 26-55 A- Very Good Very Good
51-75 56-85 B Good Efficient
76-100 86-115 C Fair Average
101-125 116-145 D Poor Inefficient
>125 >145 F Unsatisfactory Unsatisfactory

Original descriptions and scale ranges have been adjusted based on pilot results.


Communication - bEQ Labels

Same label format and scale for “As Designed” and “In Operation”


Communication – bEQ Dashboard
Building Energy Quotient Dashboard
EXAMPLE BUILDING BUILDING TYPE: Office
000 MAIN STREET ASSESSMENT YEAR: 2010
ANYTOWN, ST 00000

As Designed BEST In Operation

A+
Buildng Gross Square
Footage
0 Net Zero Energy
Buildng Gross Square
Footage

Original Consruction Date Original Consruction Date
A
Major Renovation Dates Major Renovation Dates
25

Total Modeled Building Total Measured Building
A-
Energy Use (kBtu) Energy Use (kBtu)
55
Renewable Energy kBtu Renewable Energy kBtu
Renewable Energy % Renewable Energy %

Modeled Site EUI B Measured Site EUI
2
(kBtu/ft -yr) As Designed
85 2
(kBtu/ft -yr)

Modeled Source EUI Measured Source EUI
2 2
(kBtu/ft -yr) (kBtu/ft -yr)

Modeled ECI
Typical 100 C Median
Measured ECI
($/ft2 -yr) 115 ($/ft2 -yr)

D
Previous As Designed Rating Previous In Operation Rating
Scores 145 Scores

ENERGY STAR ENERGY STAR
Target Finder Portfolio Manager
F
Other Ratings Awarded Other Ratings Awarded

WORST


Communication – bEQ Certificate
• More detailed documentation including,
• Site/source use by energy source type
• Electric demand
• Energy cost
• Emissions
• Energy saving features
• Subsystem energy use
• IEQ compliance
• …


bEQ Certificate


Communication- Workbook
• Detailed data and
analysis that is the
basis of the rating
• Completed by the
professional
• Submitted
electronically to
ASHRAE for rating


In-Operation bEQ Details


Process
• Owner retains BEAP certified assessor, pays assessor
directly based on negotiated fees
• Owner pays $500 registration fee to ASHRAE
• Assessor performs audit (“level 1 +”) and completes forms
(Excel spreadsheet)
• Forms are uploaded to ASHRAE web site together with
signed Terms and Conditions form
• Submittal is reviewed/approved by bEQ Committee
• Complaint procedure for disputed ratings


Workbook – Terms and Conditions


Form 1 - Building Characteristics
• Building contact
person
• Year of construction
• Area, floors
• Brief description
• Renovation history
• Commissioning history
• On-site renewables
• Design and operational
credentials


Form 2 – Energy Calculations


Form 3 – IEQ Screening
• Confirm that IEQ has
not been compromised
by pursuit of energy
efficiency
• Measurements on
identified areas
• Optional survey
• Comfort
• Lighting
• Ventilation


Form 4 – Suggestions for Additional
Energy Savings
• Envelope
• Lighting
• HVAC
• Utility Operation
• Based on judgment of
assessor
• Include rough cost and
payback estimate


Form 5 – Energy End-Use Breakdown
• Optional, if data is
available
• Assessor fills in table
and pie chart is
generated
automatically


bEQ and Certification


Required Certifications
• As Designed rating – Building Energy Modeling
Professional (BEMP)
• In Operation rating – Building Energy Assessment
Professional (BEAP)
• ASHRAE Certification information web page
http://www.ashrae.org/education--certification/certification
ASHRAE certifications require
• Combination of education and experience
• Mastery of specified body of knowledge (pass exam)
• Periodic renewal


Building Energy Modeling Professional
• Certify ability to:
• evaluate and choose
• use and calibrate
• interpret the results of
energy modeling software
applied to new and
existing buildings
• >200 certified since start of
program in 2010
• Certificants from US,
Brazil, Canada, India,
Ireland, Turkey


Building Energy Assessment Professional
• Certify ability to audit and analyze
residential, commercial, and
industrial buildings, including:
• determining project scope
• collecting data
• analyzing building performance
• interpreting results
• evaluating alternatives
• recommending energy conservation
measures
• assisting with ECM implementation
• >100 certified since start of
program in Feb. 2011
• Certificants from US, Argentina,
Puerto Rico


Find certified individuals at ASHRAE web


Illinois BEAP & BEMP Certifications


bEQ vis a vis Other Programs


Europe
• Directive 2002/91/EC On the energy performance of buildings
• Standard EN 15217 Energy performance of buildings—
methods for expressing energy performance and for energy
certification of buildings (2007)
• Explicit effort to learn from EU experience

Austria England & Wales Greece Italy


ENERGY STAR (US EPA)
• Statistical rating – recognizes top 25% of buildings of similar type
• Pass/no-pass
• Awarded to ~9000 buildings of ~120,000 evaluated 1999 - 2009
• Based on 2003 CBECS data most ENERGY STAR buildings would
receive a “B” or better bEQ

Type 25% 50% bEQ Grade Description
Retail 64 128 50 A- Very Good
Office-Mixed 108 167 65 B Efficient
Hospital 378 414 91 C Average
Dormitory 92 116 79 B Average
Median -- -- 64 B Efficient

Based on data from Energy Performance Measurement Institute http://epminst.us

0
100

25
50
75
11 Dec 2012

Refrigerated Warehouse
Vacant
Vehicle storage/maintenance
Entertainment/Culture
Non-Refrigerated Warehouse
Other Lodging
Repair Shop
Other Retail
Other (all other types)

A "High Performance" (1-25)
Retail Stores (non-mall stores)
Distribution/Shipping Center
Vehicle Repair/Service Shop

A- "Very Good" (26-55)
Restaurant/Cafeteria
Recreation
Fast Food
Self-storage
Medical Office (non-diagnostic)
Convenience store (with Gas Station)
Preschool/Daycare
Other Office
Medical Office (diagnostic)
Other Service
Religious Worship
Convenience store (without Gas Station)
Other Food Service
Median, 64

Library
Mixed-Use Office
Social/Meeting
Clinic/Other Outpatient Health
Laboratory
Elementary/Middle School
Bank / Financial Institution
Vehicle Dealerships/Showrooms
Administrative/Professional Office
Post Office/Postal Center
B "Efficient" (56-85)

Strip Mall
Other Classroom Education
ASHRAE Illinois Chapter

Motel or Inn
Grocery Store/Food Market
Government Office
Hotel
Dormitory/Fraternity/Sorority
Other Food Sales
Nursing Home, Assisted Living
Fire Station/Police Station
High School
bEQ differentiates more – all 75 ENERGY STAR, but four bEQ levels

Other Public Assembly
Courthouse
C "Average" (86-115)

Based on 2003 CBECS analysis by Energy Performance Measurement Institute http://epminst.us

Enclosed Mall
Hospital/Inpatient Health
In Operation bEQ for Minimum ENERGY STAR


Effect of Distribution Shape - Example
Two hypothetical building types with normal distributions
of EUI: same mean, different standard deviation


Effect of Distribution Shape – 2003 CBECS
Minimum ENERGY STAR EUI varies from 15% to 91% of median
250

200
Percent of Median EUI

150
75 Energy Star Refrigerated Warehouse

100 Medical Office (diagnostic)
Hotel
50 Hospital/Inpatient Health

0
0 25 50 75 100
Percentile of Building Type EUI

Based on 2003 CBECS analysis by Energy Performance Measurement Institute http://epminst.us


LEED (USGBC)
• 110 point scale covering site, water, energy/atmosphere,
materials/resources, IEQ, innovation/design process
• 40 points for minimum “certified” rating, 50/60/80 for
silver/gold/platinum

• New Construction
• Prerequisite 10% better than ASHRAE 90.1-2007
• Energy efficiency: 1 – 19 points for exceeding ASHRAE 90.1 by 12 to 48%
• “technical potential” basis

• Existing Buildings
• Prerequisite 69 ENERGY STAR equivalent
• Energy efficiency 1 – 18 points for ENERGY STAR equivalent 71 – 95
• “statistical” basis

• bEQ could serve as a consistent energy rating method for both


US Department of Energy Asset Rating
• “Asset” rating = as-designed
• In development - source energy calculated from national
conversion factors like Portfolio Manager
• Technical performance scale
• Asset rating tool
• User enters data, does not perform simulation
• Multiple levels of input detail
• Simulation and report generated without user intervention
• Free/cheap – two levels of rating
• Too early to judge impact on bEQ – early discussions
about complementary relationship…we’ll see
• Soliciting partners for pilot, ASHRAE is enrolled


DOE Calculation Method

Source: Commercial Building Energy Asset Rating Pilot Project Information Session , March 2012, Nora Wang & Cody Taylor


Program Implementation


bEQ Development Plan
bEQ Program - Rollout Schedule

2009 2010 2011 2012
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

ASHRAE Labeling Program Kick-off
Pilot Buildings Selected

Modeling certification available

In Operation Pilot Period

As Designed Pilot Period

Assessor Certification Available

In Operation Rating Launched

11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2009 2010 2011 2012


In Operation Rating Pilot


In Operation Pilot
• Rated 21high profile buildings around the U.S.–from some
of the largest private and public landlords
• Building characteristics
• Mostly office buildings, pre-1900 to post-2005, median 1985
• <100,000 sf to >1,000,000 sf
• DOE climate zones 2 – 6
• Most ENERGY STAR rated
• Provisional assessors
(pre-BEAP)


Major Participants


In Operation Pilot Findings
• Most good buildings will get a grade of “B” – some better,
some worse (Pilot: 5 A-, 14 B, 2 C using adjusted scale)
• Energy savings opportunities seen as most beneficial
aspect of program
• Occupant surveys were not accepted in the marketplace
• Typical professional hours 35-40 for ratings
• Building personnel need to be engaged


Issues from In Operation Rating Pilot
• Need to maintain differentiation from ENERGY STAR and
other alternative programs to secure marketplace niche
• Costs for obtaining labels
• Extending rating normalization to additional building types
• Reaction of owners to less than stellar ratings?
• Scale was adjusted based on pilot results
• Nine of twenty-one pilot buildings requested labels: 4 A- rated
buildings and 5 B rated buildings


As Designed Rating Pilot


Issues/Approach
• Compare model of actual building with reference building
• Modeling rules for schedules, plug loads, etc.?
• What is the baseline?
• What is the significance of modeler effect?
• To maximize ability to compare with operational rating
(CBECS-based for US) use DOE Benchmark Building
models for small, medium, large office buildings with
ASHRAE Standard 90.1-1989 equipment efficiencies
• To investigate modeler effect, each pilot building will be
modeled by 2-3 BEMPs


Current Status


As of November 2012
• In-Operation Rating
• Launched in March 2012
• Four submissions to date, one awarded, two pending
• First labeled building: Philadelphia Navy Yard Building 101

• As-Designed Rating
• Pilot still underway
• Goal of roll-out in early 2013


Summary


Summary
• ASHRAE’s bEQ labelling program...
• is essentially a voluntary certification program
• is a technical potential method that draws on successful features of
other US and European building certifications
• complements or could complent other green building rating
systems and energy certification programs
• can be a tool to stimulate adoption of high performance building
techniques
• In Operation rating launched in March 2012
• As Designed rating launch expected in early 2013


Further Information
• ASHRAE bEQ web site: http://www.buildingenergyquotient.org/

• Technical Questions: info@buildingenergyquotient.org

• ASHRAE Staff: Lilas Pratt – Manager, Special Projects
Phone: 678-539-1193 Email: lpratt@ashrae.org

• ASHRAE bEQ Committee:
• Amy Musser, Chair amy@vandemusser.com

• Background
• Pérez-Lombard, L., J. Ortiz, R. Gonález, I. Maestre. 2009. A review of
benchmarking, rating and labelling concepts within the framework of building
energy certification schemes. Energy and Buildings 41: 272-278.

• Bill Bahnfleth wbahnfleth@psu.edu

The ASHRAE Building Energy Labeling Program

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