2. ROADING HIERARCHY
STRUCTURE:
Good roading structure for
an urban area is based on
an interconnected series of
hierarchies.
1. High Streets :
the original radial routes
into a city, linking sub
centres and main shopping
streets within each centre.
It is usually a focal point for
shops and retailers in city
centres, and is most often
used in reference to retailing.
3. ROADING HIERARCHY
2. Secondary Streets :
provide the main
circulation routes within
communities, rather than
between them. They
generally include a mix
of uses, including local
shopping and business,
with the balance being
residential.
4. ROADING HIERARCHY
3. Residential (Tertiary) Streets :
carry only a small amount
of traffic and cater for few
people other than those
who live or work there.
These streets serve as a
focus for local communities.
They also need to
accommodate parked cars
and community activity
(such as children playing).
These streets account for
the majority of streets in
an urban area.
5. ROADING HIERARCHY
4. Lanes :
these are roadways that
service a group of houses
within a block. Where
possible these should have
the same qualities as an
ordinary street. They
should be overlooked,
fronted onto and
connected at both ends.
7. PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
Public open space
needs to be accessible
to as much of the public
as possible. The size and
scale will be relative to
its location in the roading
hierarchy - major parks
need to be beside major
streets, and residential
scale parks need to be
beside residential
streets.
9. districts
neighborhood
These three are the
fundamental
organizing elements
of new urbanism.
corridors
10. NEIGHBORHOODS
Are urbanized areas with a balanced mix of human activity.
Generally defined spatially as a specific geographic area and
functionally as a set of social networks.
12. CORRIDORS
DISTRICTS
Corridors are connectors and separators of neighborhoods and
districts.
13. BLOCKS
STREETS
The form of new
urbanism is realized
by the deliberate
assembly of streets,
blocks and buildings.
BUILDINGS
14. STREETS
DISTRICTS
Streets are not the dividing lines within the city, but are to be
communal rooms and passages.
15. BLOCKS
Blocks are the fields on which unfolds both the building fabric
and the plastic realm of the city.
16. BUILDINGS
Buildings are the smallest increment, their proper
configuration and placement relative to each other determines
the character of each settlement.
17. Urban models
• Concentratic Zone
Theory
• Sector Model
• Multiple Nuclei Model
• Urban Realms
To describe the land use patterns in the traditional North American city.
18. Concentratic Zone Theory
• Attributedto the research of
E.W.Burgess
• Derived frm a Central Business
District at the Center, around
which all other uses formed
• Includes transition zone
• Simplicity has stood test of
time
19. Sector Model
• Economist Homer Hoyt in
1939
• Uses grow with the CBD in
specific directions
• Most cities grow in the
direction of the higher
income
20. Multiple Nuclei Model
• Geographers Chauncy
Harris and Edward Pulliman
• Alternative
conceptualization of urban
form
• Recognizes that different
activities have varying
accessibility requirements.
21. Urban Realms
• Sociologist James Vance
• Under the observation of the
three previous
conceptualizations, rather than
one exclusively
• Emergence of large self-
sufficient suburban sectors
• Culmination of the impact of the
automobile on the urban form
• Best application was the
Metropolitan Los Angeles, U.S.A
