The document discusses population growth in India between 1901 and 2011. It notes that the population grew from 238 million in 1901 to 1.21 billion in 2011, an increase of over 400%. The population grew fastest during 1971-2011, nearly doubling from 547 million to 1.21 billion. Several Indian states have seen their populations more than triple over this period, with Uttar Pradesh currently having over 200 million residents. High population growth brings various economic and environmental challenges for India.

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