Live and Dead Axles, Constructional Details, Different Types of Loads acting on Drive Axles, Rear Axle Shaft Supporting Types: Semi Floating, Full Floating, Three Quarter Floating, Axle Housings and Types

1. ABS: https://youtu.be/98DXe3uKwfc
https://youtu.be/S_B6Twq1FOE
https://youtu.be/hgZFImD3BAg

2. Axle
Axles are an integral component of most practical wheeled vehicles. In a live-axle
suspension system, the axles serve to transmit driving torque to the wheel, as well as to
maintain the position of the wheels relative to each other and to the vehicle body.
Types of Axle
1)Rear Axle: This axle is responsible for delivering power to the driving wheels. It comes
in two halves, known as half shafts, which are connected by the differential. In most
cases, rear axles are live, meaning they rotate with the vehicle's wheels.
2)Front Axle: Located in the front of the vehicle, this axle is responsible for assisting with
steering and processing shocks from the uneven surface of the road. They have four
main parts, which are the beam, the swivel pin, the track rod, and the stub axle. Front
axles must be as sturdy as possible, and that's why they're usually made from carbon
steel or nickel steel.
3)Stub Axle: Stub axles are attached to the vehicle's front wheels, with kingpins
connecting these axles to the front axle.

4. Rear Axle
In between the differential and the driving wheels is the rear axle to transmit power from the
differential to the driving wheels. It is clear from the construction of the differential, that the
rear axle is not a single piece, but it is in two halves connected by the differential, one part is
known as the half shaft.

5. • The inner end of the half shaft is connected to the sun gear of the differential. and the outer
end of the driving wheel.
• In rear-wheel-drive vehicles, the rear wheels are the driving wheels. Whereas, in front-wheel
drive vehicles, the front wheels are the driving wheels.
• Almost all rear axles on modern passenger cars are live axles, that is, they revolve with the
wheels.
• Dead axles simply remain stationary, do not move with the wheels. A housing completely
encloses the rear axles and the differential, protecting them from water, dust and injury, in
addition to mounting their inner bearings and providing a container of the lubricant.

6. Forces on Rear Axle
Weight of the body
Driving thrust
Torque reaction
Side thrust

7. Types of Rear Axle
1)Semi-Floating Axle: This rear axle connects the wheel to
the flange on the exterior of the axle shaft and holds it
securely. One bearing supports the axle shaft, and the
other goes inside the axle casing. Since it has two bearings,
a semi-floating axle needs to be larger than the other
options to produce the same torque. Semi-floating axles
are used for cars, SUVs, and mid-size trucks, such as half-ton
and light duty pickups.
2)Full-Floating Axle: True to its name, this axle type
effectively floats in place and maintains its position, thanks
to two bearings. It's designed to transmit driving torque
only. Full-floating axles tend to work best for larger vehicles,
such as heavy-duty trucks. Some mid-size trucks that have
larger towing capacities or those that use four-wheel drive
extensively can also benefit from full-floating axles.

8. 3)Three-Quarter Floating Axle: It's more complex than the semi-floating axle and
also more reliable. It helps maintain wheel alignment and handles side thrust and
driving torque.
2
TR, W TR
PTR, W

9. Front Axle
Construction

10. Types of Front Axle
Dead Front Axle: These axles stay in place and don't rotate with the wheels. Most dead
front axles and differentials have housings that prevent them from coming into contact
with water or dirt.
Live Front Axle: Unlike dead front axles, live front axles deliver driving power from the
gearbox to the front wheels.

11. Types of Stub Axle
1)Elliot: This type uses a kingpin, a yoke, and
a cotter to connect to the front axle.
2)Reverse Elliot: This type has the opposite
arrangement of a standard Elliot stub axle.
3) Lamoine: This stub axle type has an L-
shaped spindle instead of a yoke-type
hinge.
4) Reverse Lamoine: It has the opposite
layout of a standard Lamoine stub axle.