nutrition and oral health report

1. Report of preventive
dentistry
2020
SUPERVISOR : DR. MAITHAA
SAMEER

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Al-Rafidain University College
Dentistry Department
Prevention
Ghadeer abdulbasit fat'hi
Grade five
Group A3

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NOINTRODUCTI
Nutrition :the science which deals with study of nutrient and food and their
effect on the nature and function of the organism under different condition
of age ,health and diseases .Malnutrition :pathological state result from
relative or absolute deficiency or excess of one or more essential nutrition .
Nutrition is vital to human development ,growth and health maintanence.life
cannot be exist without food but for staining healthy life diet should be
planned with full knowledge of scientific facts and observations concerning
the science of nutrition .there is relationship between nutrition and oral
health any nutritional deficiency and disease metabolism are seen intraorally
before any physical appearance .(mouth is a mirror for nutritional status).
Balanced diet : is food which contain a variety of elements in such quantity
and proportion that need for energy and maintain health , vitality and general
well being.carbohy.55-60%protien10-15%fats30-35%.
of diet :Component
are complex inorganic nitrogenous compounds composed ofProtein :
carbon ,hydrogen ,oxygen and sulfur .its responsible for body building
,repair of tissue ,supply of energy ….. etc. deficiency of protein lead to
kwashiorkor and marasmus disease .
Major nutrition Micro nutrition Trace nutrition
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fats
Mineralsvitamins

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Carbohydrate : is essential in diet as a source of both glucose and cellulose
it’s the major source of energy .its essential for oxidation fats .
Fats (lipid ): either simple-triglyceride or compound-phospholipids or
derived lipids – cholesterol.it supply energy ,carry fat soluble vitamins ,may
act to reduce dental caries by coating the plaque ,carry flavor of food .
VITAMINS AND MINARALS are form of the protective food .also called
functional food those are less than 100mg/day were traditionally called
micronutrient .deficiency of vitamins lead to night blindness ,xeropthalmia
,bitot's spots ,keratomalacia ,corneal ulceration ,rickets ,osteomalacia ,
bleeding , prolong prothrombin time with delay clotting time .mineral like
calcium ,sodium ,magnesium ….etc.
Trace element :these include iron ,copper,cobalt ,nickel….. etc.
Food pyramid

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Effect of nutrition on oral tissue :
A.nutrition and dental caries : is the most common disease affected teeth and
diet element is one of causing factors that has pre-erupting effect and post-
erupting effect .
Dental dysplasia associate with malnutrition:/1. Odontoclasia in deciduous
dentition . 2. Yellow teeth in permanent dentitions.3. Infantile melanodontia.
4. Linear hypoplasia of deciduous incisor due to deficiency of ascorbic acid
vitamin A or neonatal infection .
B.nutrition and malocclusion: Tooth sizes are determined genetically in a
much shorter time span whereas jaw size determination take longer. A
chronic postnatal malnutrition would result in stunted jaw development after
the teeth have differentiated to class I malocclusion . Poor tooth alignment &
crowding increased caries and periodontal increase caries and periodontal
disease.
C.nutrition and periodontal disease : periodontal disease involve episodic
progressive disruption of periodontal tissue .it caused by :
1.iron deficiency :lead impaired neutrophil ,has bactericidal effect,reduce
lymphocyte proliferation all these lead to increase risk of infection . in iron
deficiency anemia gingival pale is the most common oral feature.
2.protien :deficiency cause increase periodontal infection while
supplementation reduce inflammation and tooth mobility .
3.vitamins :deficiency lead to defective formation of enamel ,distortion
shapes of molar and incisors ,keratinized gingivitis , salivary gland
keratinization ,vitamin D deficiency lead to delayed eruption ,mal alignment
of teeth ,higher caries index , osteomalacia (ricket in adult). Vitamin E
deficiency cause atrophic degenerative changes in enamel .vitamin B12
deficiency lead to sore painful tongue ,small ulcer on the papillae with loss
of normal muscle tone (hunter glossitis syndrome).vitamin C deficiency
cause the interdental and marginal gingiva appear bright red ,swollen
,smooth , shiny ,the patient has typical fetid breath.
Inadequate quantities of
calcium,iron,phosphorus lead to dental
caries .
Protein deficiency lead to decrease
salivary lysosome and igA lysosome
lead to increase caries susceptibility .

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4.calcium and phosphorus :calcium important in decrease gingival
inflammation ,calculus formation pocket depth and tooth mobility .
5.amino acids :deficiency caused dermatitis impaired wound healing. Omega
three cause neurological deficits and immunological changes .the benefit
form of good nutrition to resist infection ,strengthen and maintain epithelial
barrier also promote repair of damaged periodontal tissue .
D.nutrition and oral cancer :food contain both initiator and inhibitor of
carcinogenesis.the primary enzyme system of cancer is the mixed function
oxidase system that is significantly affected by nutritions high intake of
uth andsaturated fat associated with increase risk of cancer of the mo
by acting.there are many factors protect against tumorogenesispharynx
blocking agents and altering the metabolism of carcinogen through decrease
activation also increase detoxification that protect against tumor.
The effect of malnutrition on
the teeth lead to dental caries
The effect of malnutrition lead
to periodontal diseases
Effect of mal nutrition lead to
malocclusion

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Preventive and social measures :
There are different levels :
1.action at family level :that occur through nutritional education about the
selection of right kinds of food and planning for nutritionally adequate diet
also promotion of breast feeding that improve infant and child feeding
practice .
2.action at the community level :conduct diet and nutrition surveys also
planning realistic and feasible approaches in developing countries direct
intervention measures to be started .
3.action at the national level :this is done by rural development , nutritional
intervention programs and nutrition related to health activities.
4.action at the international level : UNISCO, FAO ,UNICEF, WHO, CARE,
UNDP …….etc. are some precinct that help nations in different sites of the
world.

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References
-essential of public health
dentistry(COMMUNITY DENTISTRY ) CM
soben beter .editionth
5marya BDS MDS
-diet and nutrition in oral health third edition
Carole A.Palmar linda D. Boyond .
-text book of guideline to nutritional care
,Cynthia A. stegeman .
-malnutrition and its oral outcomes – A Review
,anama sheetal.