12. The Plagiarism Spectrum
The Plagiarism Spectrum identifies 10 types of plagiarism based on
findings from a worldwide survey of nearly 900 secondary and higher
education instructors. Each type has been given an easy-to-
remember moniker to help students and instructors better identify
and discuss the ramifications of plagiarism in student writing.
24. https://www.turnitin.com/static/plagiarism-spectrum/
Things you should know about Turnitin
Turnitin does not check for plagiarism in a
piece of work. Instead, it will check a student's
work against its database, and if there are
instances where a student's writing is similar to,
or matches against, one of our sources, it will
flag this for the student/ instructor to review.
25. https://www.turnitin.com/static/plagiarism-spectrum/
Things you should know about Turnitin
Turnitin’s database includes
• billions of web pages: both current and
archived content from the internet,
• a repository of works students have
submitted to Turnitin in the past, and
• a collection of documents, which comprises
thousands of periodicals, journals, and
publications.
26. https://www.turnitin.com/static/plagiarism-spectrum/
Things you should know about Turnitin
Reports do not pick up matches to images,
drawings, diagrams or plans; print books and
journals, translated foreign language works and
password protected content on websites.
Reports do not detect plagiarism, they merely show
the amount of matched text that Turnitin has found
by highlighting the matched text on a student’s
paper and identifying sources for the matched text.
28. https://www.turnitin.com/static/plagiarism-spectrum/
How to interpret Turnitin results
• It is perfectly natural for an assignment to match
against some of our database.
• If a student has used quotes and has referenced
correctly, there will be instances where we will find
a match.
• The similarity score simply highlights any potential
problem areas in a student's paper.
• Instructors can use this as a tool within their review
process to make their own determination if any
academic misconduct has occurred
เว็บไซต์อธิบายวิธีแปลผล https://celt.our.dmu.ac.uk/downloading-and-saving-an-
originality-report-in-turnitin/
29. https://www.turnitin.com/static/plagiarism-spectrum/
There is no ideal percentage to look for. Students’ work is bound to contain
some words from other sources. The percentage will vary depending on the type
and length of assignment and the requirements of the work involved
Individual matches need to be investigated by opening the student’s paper and
viewing the match overview and breakdown panel.
36. Source:
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
หน้าเว็บนี้แสดงสถิติการลอกเลียนแบบทั่วโลก
แบบ real time ในรูปแบบ percent ของ
ความคล้ายคลึงของข้อความทั่วโลก ทั้งนี้เพื่อ
เพื่อให้เราตระหนักถึงปัญหาและทาให้การลอก
เลียนวรรณกรรมถูกควบคุมได้
(continued)
Check this out:
What is plagiarism?
39. CAUSES AND SUGGESTIONS
Running out of time to double check the research before
submitting an assignment.
Relying on incomplete notes.
Neglecting to do enough research, or putting it off until it's too
late to start researching.
Misinterpreting the question and researching irrelevant
information. In this situation, someone might fabricate the ideas to
make up for gaps in their knowledge.
Insufficient paraphrasing
Incorrect referencing
Working too closely with another person on an individual task
What is plagiarism?
40. Source:
(continued)
❖ A study byThe Center for Academic Integrity found that almost 80% of college
students admit to cheating at least once.
❖ A survey by the Psychological Record shows that 36% of undergraduates have
admitted to plagiarizing written material.
❖ A poll conducted by US News andWorld Reports found that 90% of
students believe that cheaters are either never caught or have never been
appropriately disciplined.
❖ A study conducted by Ronald M.Aaron and RobertT. Georgia:Administrator
Perceptions of Student Academic Dishonesty in Collegiate Institutions found
that 257 chief student affairs officers across the country believe that colleges
and universities have not addressed the cheating problem adequately.
What is plagiarism?
41. Source:
(continued)
❖ According to the Gallup Organization (October 6-9, 2000), the top two problems
facing the United States are: 1) Education and 2) Decline in Ethics (both
were ranked over crime, poverty, drugs, taxes, guns, environment, and racism, to
name a few).
❖ A national survey published in EducationWeek found that 54% of
students admitted to plagiarizing from the Internet. 74% of students
admitted that at least once during the past school year they had engaged in
“serious” cheating. 47% of students believe their teachers sometimes choose to
ignore students who are cheating.
What is plagiarism?
42. Unintentional plagiarism
❖ when Native Language is not English, and you find difficulty in writing in a
second language.You are unable to combine your own ideas.
❖ Cultural factors and rhetorical patterns.You believe that you can use or
adapt others’ words without attribution
(continued)
What is plagiarism?
43. Unintentional plagiarism
❖ poorly paraphrased references. Maybe you’ve attempted
to reference but ended up writing too similarly to the
original source.
❖ self-plagiarised – for example you have copied some of
your work from a previous assignment.
❖ copying some information from somewhere else – most
likely, you copied it for reference, but forgot to
paraphrase it.
(continued)
What is plagiarism?
44. Copying text word-for-word
No quotes or citation
Quotes, but no citation
Citation, but no quotes
Copying phrases or parts of the sentence
No quotes or citation
Quotes, but no citation
Citation, but no quotes
Rearranging the words of the sentence
STILL NOTYOUR OWN WORDS!
Paraphrasing without citation
Your own words, but not your own ideas!
(Conclusion)
Source: https://slidetodoc.com/plagiarism-plagiarism-how-would-you-define-it-plagiarism
What is plagiarism?
45. Why is plagiarism considered an academic crime?
1. Because it infringes academic ethics and academic norms
2. Because it is a form of theft and a type of fraud
3. Because plagiarists ultimately cheat themselves
4. Because plagiarists cheat their fellow students
5. Because plagiarism reflects incompetence
46. What happens to plagiarists?
Is it illegal?
Maybe!
Copyrighted material that is plagiarized is punishable with
large fines AND jail time
It is definitely unethical!
Closer scrutiny
Assignment failure
Course failure
Academic probation
Expelled from school/university
Job termination
Ruined reputation
Source: https://slidetodoc.com/plagiarism-plagiarism-how-would-you-define-it-plagiarism
47. What happens to plagiarists?
If found guilty, the piece of work in question is graded
ZERO
Consequences for your overall grade the module in
question – mean consequences for your degree
Possible disciplinary action by the University
(continued)
48. Why is plagiarism considered
an academic crime?
❖ Plagiarism is an act of wrongdoing because one uses
another’s work as one’s own. If one plagiarizes, he/she is
cheating himself/herself.
❖ It violates intellectual property rights, leading to damages or
fines.
❖ Also, it is committed with a variety of ways, and the penalty
depends on the circumstances of the case.
49. Why is plagiarism considered
an academic crime?
Plagiarism is dealt with in a variety of ways depending on the
circumstances of the case. Deliberate academic misconduct is
a very serious situation and may lead to expulsion from the
university.
59. Which of the following statements would be considered common
knowledge? Which would need to be cited?
The Big Bang theory posits that the universe began billions of years ago with
an enormous explosion.
The phrase “Big Bang” was coined by Sir Fred Hoyle, an English
astronomer. Hoyle used the term to mock the theory, which he disagreed
with
According to the Big Bang model, the initial explosion was produced when
an infinitely hot, dense center referred to as a singularity, began to expand,
giving rise to the particles that eventually formed into our universe.
This is common knowledge – the Big Bang theory is widely
accepted among scientists and the term is used regularly in
everyday speech.
This needs citation; this information is very specific and may
even be unknown to some physicists.
This would not need citation to an audience of physics students
but would need citation in a paper for a non-expert audience.
60. What is not Common Knowledge?
Datasets generated by you or others.
Statistics obtained from sources such as the US Census Bureau and the
Bureau of Labor Statistics.
•Reference to specific dates, numbers, or facts the reader would not know
unless s/he had done the research.
61. What is not Common Knowledge?
Common Knowledge is not plagiarism. You do not need to cite
common knowledge. Common knowledge is something that the
readers should generally know, such as
• who is the current President of the United States.
*General rule of thumb:
It can be considered common knowledge when that information has
been in at least 4-5 other works and not cited. Always verify with your
professor.*
63. SOME USEFUL LINKS ABOUT
PLAGIARISM
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.html
http://www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm
http://www.psa.ac.uk/psanews/0403/plagiarism.htm
http://www.hamilton.edu/academics/resource/wc/usingsources.html?CF
ID=1415438&CFTOKEN=46586906
64. Resources
•Defining & Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best PracticesThe statement is intended to provide helpful
suggestions and clarifications so that instructors, administrators, and students can work together more effectively in support of
excellence in teaching and learning.
•GrammarlyAre you worried that your sentence/phrase/paragraph you are using sounds to similar to the article or something
you have read? Just plug it into Grammarly and it will tell you how similar (if at all) it appears to another work found on the
internet. Don’t get in trouble for plagiarism, whether it is accidental or not.
•How to Recognize Plagiarism: Tutorials and TestsThis tutorial, created by Indiana University, shows you how to recognize
plagiarism, test your understanding, and earn a certificate.
•The Owl at Purdue: Is it Plagiarism Yet?The Owl at Purdue provides information about plagiarism such as: what is it?; safe
practices; plagiarism exercise; and the gray areas of plagiarism.
•Plagiarism.orgThis easy to understand website provides basic information about plagiarism.
•Plagiarism Tutorial - UMF Writing CenterThis tutorial goes through the basics of what plagiarism is and how you can avoid it as
well as giving tips on appropriate sources and citing.
•Avoiding PlagiarismThis handout from EBSCO provides a few simple tips for avoiding plagiarism as you conduct research and
write a paper.
![ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This presentation draws on a lecture given by Dr Ben Rosamond entitled
‘plagiarism and how to avoid it’ (Rosamond 2004).
‘Avoiding Plagiarism’, Purdue University onlineWriting Lab, Copyright ©1995-2004
by OWL at Purdue University and Purdue University.
Source: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_plagiar.htm
Longman AcademicWriting Series, Level 4 : Essays : with essential online
resources. [Alice Oshima;Ann Hogue; Lara Ravitch]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)