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1. Ten Blessed Companions
Contents 1. Introduction 2. Hazrat Abu Bakr 3. Hazrat Umar 4. Hazrat Usman 5. Hazrat Ali 6.
Hazrat Talha 7. Hazrat Zubair 8. Hazrat Sa'ad ibn Abi Waqqas 9. Hazrat Sa'id Ibn Zayd 10. Abdur–
Rahman bin A'aowf 11. Abu Ubaydah bin Al–Jirrah
Introduction
Among the Sahaaba is a group of ten Companions who are known by the title Ashrah Mubash–
sharah which means the ten Sahaaba about who Rasullullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) gave the
glad tidings of Janaat. Rasullullah (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) informed that these ten Sahaaba have
already been promised Janaat, hence we have to believe with certainty that the following ten
Companions are Janaati.
The Blessed Ten Companions are:
1–Abu bakr Siddiq ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amongst his greatest works was helped the Muslims prepare for the expedition to Tabuk donating
300 camels and 3000 dinars to the Muslim army after which the Holy Prophet (Sallalaho Alaihi
Wasallam) testified his status for him. He became the third KHALIF (leader of the Muslims) after
the martyrdom of Hazrat Sayidna Umar AL–Faruq (Radi Allah Anhu) and during his time the lands
Armenia, Caucasia (extreme south–eastern Europe), Khurasan (north–eastern Iran), Kirman (south–
eastern Iran), Sijistan (border district between Afghanistan and Iran), Cyprus and much of North
Africa came under Muslim rule. He completed the task of collecting the QUR'AAN together in
book form which was started during the time of Hadhrat Sayidna Abu Bakr As–Siddiq (Radi Allah
Anhu) and then distributed prints of the QUR'AAN around the Muslim World which became the
standardised text of the QUR'AAN of which has been in use and in our hands up to the present day.
During the last years of his rule some people cause civil strife and division amongst the Muslims to
cause enmity against the KHALIF, which lead to the unjust murder of Hazrat Sayidna Uthman (Radi
Allah Anhu) in 35 A.H during the morning of ID AL–ADHA (Festival ending the month of
RAMADAN). He remained in leadership for 12 years. He attained his martyrdom
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2. The Sciences Of Qur ' An
The Sciences of Qur'an
Attiyya Mujahid Ali
Assignment Due: 10/4/2014
Question 1
Please provide a detailed account of collection, preservation and compilation of the Qur'an. Your
paper must include all the major events/phases related to this topic from the time of Prophet (pbuh)
to the time of Uthman (ra). It must also include detailed account of all the major contributors who
were involved and why they were involved in this process. Our holy book, Al–Qur'an Karim, was
compiled during three main phases: 1 )During the lifetime of Prophet(pbuh), 2.) During the lifetime
of Abu Bakr(ra), and 3.During the time of Uthman(ra). Each of these periods offer a rich history that
can be revered and respected as followers of this faith. The next few paragraphs will offer some
insight on the collection, preservation and compilation of this noble script.
Phase 1–During the lifetime of the Prophet (pbuh)
Move not your tongue with it, [O Mohammad], to hasten with recitation of the Qur 'an. Indeed,
upon us is its collection [in your heart] and [to make possible] its recitation. (Holy Qur'an 75:17–16)
The first phase of the collection of the Qur'an involved Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) committing
divine revelation to his memory. This phase is known as the time in which "the Quran was preserved
in chests." During this time Arabs were known for their oral tradition and retained information by
their memory.
The initial
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3. Comparing Islam And Radical Islam
Islam and radical Islam are a hot topic among media outlets and dinner tables, often being confused
that they are either two different things or derivatives of early Christianity. The fact remains that
Islam and radical Islam are one and the same and, though there may be some early similarities to the
Old Testament, Islam and Christianity are as different as the clouds in the sky to a deep, barbed pit.
Though I will not be covering every facet that exists between the Bible and the Qur'an, I will be
covering the so–called "difference" between radical Islam and its "moderate" counterpart,
abrogation and how it works within Islam, differences between Jesus and Muhammad as figure
heads, and the ethical behavior between neighbors in relation to Islamic and Christian beliefs.
"Radical" Islam is a relatively new term that mainstream media, and empathizers of the Muslim
faith, have adopted to defend the ideals of Islam without calling it Islam. Radical, in this sense,
would mean either extreme or differing from the majority of the Muslim population. However, if we
take a look into the roots of Islam and the laws put in place by Muhammad hundreds of years ago,
we notice that the "moderates" are the true anomaly, as detailed in the non–partisan work "Is the
Quran Hate Propaganda" (TheReligionofPeace [TROP] 2002–2006). The Qur'an lists several books
pertaining to the rules of government, military, and social laws of the Muslim people, however, it
can be distilled down into three
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4. Christianity And Islam : The Religions
Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world. Christianity is a belief built on the
life, teachings and death and rebirth of Jesus. He was born as a Jew in Roman–Occupied Palestine
(Fisher, pg. 302). Christians believe Jesus was born in Bethlehem. (Fisher pg. 305) According to the
Gospel Jesus mother is virgin Mary and she conceived him by the Holy Spirt (fisher, pg. 306). Jesus
taught the word of God and he also performed some miracles such as turning water into wine,
healing the sick among many others (Fisher, Pg.308). Jesus was known as the messiah which means
"perfect" or "enlightened one" (Fisher, pg. 314). Jesus teaching did not go well with the authorities
at that time, the Jewish and the Roman and they decided to crucify him (Fisher, pg. 316–317). Many
Christian depict the crucifixion of Jesus, as him sacrificing his blood for the sake of humanity and
Jesus died for their sin. After his death, Jesus was resurrected and then moved up to heaven. The
four book that talks about Jesus life, teaching and death are the Gospels, Mathews, Mark, Luke, and
John.
Islam is a monotheist religion and people who follow this religion are called Muslim. Islam believes
that there is only one God Allah and Muhammad (Pbuh) is his messenger. Like Christianity and
Judaism, Islam traces its ancestry to Abraham (Fisher, pg. 377). According to Muslims Muhammad
(Pbuh) is the last prophet. He was born in Banu Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe. The Quraish tribe
were
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5. The Cycle From Nomadic To Sedentary And Then Conquered
The cycle from Nomadic to sedentary and then conquered by nomads would spin its wheel right into
the mighty Empire of Europe, as Roman expansion in Europe spreading its resources thin and the
migratory period of nomadic tribes, like the Germanic Goths, to expand south near the black sea,
from Scandinavia in the late first century AD. The Roman empire had always been on the offense
for centuries, conquering territory after territory, but with every large empire, military units needed
to increase to keep its boarders safe from invaders. Rome would rely on hiring foreign tribes as
mercenaries in the north for protection, but even with this, the Emperor Diocletian would split the
empire into four sections for better management. The Goths had ... Show more content on
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The welcoming party was short lived, as the Visigoths were treated inhumanly by the Romans,
allowing many to starve to death, and exploiting the children of Goths in exchange for dog meat.
Feeling betrayed, in 376 AD, the Goths rebelled against Rome by plundering the nearby towns with
whatever they can take. The Goths would continue pillaging the countryside of Rome, gathering
resources and soldiers made up of prisoners of Rome and former slaves, and in 378 AD they went
up against the emperor Valens himself at the battle of Adrianople. Consequently, Emperor Valens,
along with two–thirds of his armies, perished under the brute force of Fritigern armies. This was one
of the most devastating defeat to the Romans in centuries. The Visigoths armies would split in 380
AD with the Greuthungi going north to invade, and the Therving going south. The new Eastern
Roman Emperor, Theodosius I, would campaign against the Goths and either defeated or signed a
peace treaty with the Greuthungi Goths. Western Rome would send two generals to help its eastern
counterpart against the remaining Goths producing no results, and in 382 AD, Rome would end the
war with a treaty, allowing land distribution to the visigoths, while they agreed to produce men for
Rome's ever diminishing military. Rome would break the treaty with the foreigners after the death of
Theodosius I a few years later, creating a series of catastrophic events for the western division of the
empire. In 397 AD,
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6. The Islamic Caliphates During The Post Prophethood Time Essay
As the days of the Prophet Muhammad's life came to an end, the state of the Muslim community
demanded for sincere and rightful authority. Therefore, a caliph, someone claiming control over the
Muslims, was appointed. Although the caliphs were not prophets, their centralized purpose was to
continue the straight path of Prophet Muhammad, politically, economically, and spiritually. During
the rule of the 4 caliphates, Abu Baker, Umar Ibn Al– Khattab, Uthman Ibn Affan and Ali, the
Muslims underwent a series of developments, movements, and conquests. The Islamic caliphates in
the post Prophethood time period, provided leadership and social unity for Middle Eastern
communities to follow into modern times. The caliphates represented an ideal example through their
political, economical, and religious enforcements. When the Prophet was ordered through revelation
to make the message of Islam public, hostility to the message rose and in response, the Prophet
instilled hope amongst the muslims. Early revelations stressed the existence of one god and
presented His attributes, which laid out basic elements of social and personal morality. These
revelations redirected the individual from materialistic goals to a life dedicated to worship. In the
tenth year of Hijra, the Prophet led 30,000 people on a pilgrimage to Mecca. On the plain of Arafat,
the Prophet stood up and gave the farewell sermon. In the sermon he encouraged muslims to remain
united, "you are one brotherhood all together",
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7. Islam Is The Third And Newest Religion Of Abrahamic Faiths
1a. Islam (5)
You often hear that Islam is the third and newest religion of the Abrahamic faiths (after Judaism and
Christianity). However, you have read and heard that Islam does not understand itself as a "new"
religion. Please describe how Islam understands itself as a continuation of monotheism and a
correction of Judaism and Christianity. You can make reference to certain Qur'anic ideas which we
discussed in class and include considerations of historical objects like the Kaaba in your answer.
You are also welcome to use ideas found in the readings. Word Limit: 100 – 150
Firstly, the word Islam literally means "one who surrenders" [to Allah], in Arabic
(http://muslimvoices.org/word–islam–meaning/). This directly and instantaneously expresses the
direct continuation of monotheism that Islam understands itself as. For example the Qur'an
describes the Kaaba, the most sacred place in the Islamic world, to have been built by the
recognized father of Judaism and Christianity, Abraham. Islam recognizes itself not only as the
continuation of the monotheism spoken by Judaism and Christianity but also as the correction of it.
The Islamic belief is that Judaism and Christianity originally taught the word of God, but eventually
corrupted it. While Islam recognizes Judaism and Christianity as religions originating from the same
God as it does, Muslims believe that Islam supersedes Judaism and Christianity; the Qur'an is the
final, undivided word of God and Muhammad is the last of the
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8. An Essay On The History Of The Quran
e first period of compiling arose via the existence of the Prophet (noticed). on this step, the business
enterprise and order of the surah's (intervals) and ayahs (units) have been targeted by using the
Prophet (saw) and the text was written down. although, at this point, the Qur'an become now not
collected into a solitary eBook, quite turned into current in indifferent parchments and turned into
memorized in its entirety with the aid of several sahaba (partners). with a purpose to warrant the
reliability of the textual content, the Prophet (peace be upon him) used to perform the total Qur'an
(to the amount that become revealed with the aid of that point) each year during Ramadan. in this
example, all the acquaintances who had the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The commission utilized the duplicates of the content made out of the buddies and simply perceived
the ayats that have been to be had in at littlest two duplicates. This was accomplished to annihilate
the human missteps that would were made with the aid of the transcribers. as soon as the whole
content material turned into created and assembled, the price accurately adjusted it and successful
that it become particular and introduce in its entireness. Third Stage– Contribution of Caliph
Uthman (may Allah be pleased with him) A thoughtful question associated to the narration of the
Qur'an textured via the age of the 1/3 Caliph Uthman bin Affan. although the writing of the Qur'an
changed into together believed, Arabs when you consider that unlike portions of the Islamic country
finished it bestowing to their parlance. This existing headaches: largely that everybody painstaking
their language to be right which provided escalation to clashes; and additionally it became dreaded
that if this went on, there might be no normally identified type of Qur'an left. Caliph Uthman (RAA)
well–ordered a instruction to prepare a published textual content in step with the intonation of the
populaces of Hejaz (the Bedouins). This charge turned into once more oversaw by Zaid ibn Thabit
(RAA), the outstanding
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9. Islamic State
Islamic Economics
Institution Of Bait–ul–Maal
By
Muhammad Adeel Mian
Sajjad Naqwi
Sec–H
Presented to: Miss Tahseen
Lahore School of Economics
BAIT–UL–MAAL
Introduction
The bait–ul–maal is a unique institute which was established for the economic prosperity of the
people. As we all know in the Islamic system of life sovereignty belongs to Allah and man is His
vicegerent on earth. Similarly the same concept applies to Bait–ul–maal, where Allah is sole master
of this treasury while the caliphs are only the trustee of Bait–ul–Maal. In this sense the concept of
Bait–ul–maal is different from the concept of public exchequer in un–Islamic systems. In an Islamic
state Bait–ul–maal is Safeguarded and expenditures from it is made in ... Show more content on
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After consulting the Companions Umar (R.A) decided to establish the Central Treasury at Madinah.
Abdullah bin Arqam was appointed as the Treasury Officer. He was assisted by Abdur Rahman bin
Awf and Muiqib. A separate Accounts Department was also set up and it was required to maintain
record of all that was spent. Later provincial treasuries were set up in the provinces. After meeting
the local expenditure the provincial treasuries were required to remit the surplus amount to the
central treasury at Madinah. According to Yaqubi the salaries and stipends charged to the central
treasury amounted to over 30 million dirhams.
Whereas a separate building was constructed for the royal treasury by the name bait–u–maal, which
in large cities was guarded by as many as 400 guards. Finally in Hazart Umer's regime the concept
of Bait–ul–maal was implemented and strengthened.
Zakat This is the most important source of revenue of the Bait–ul–maal. It is different from the other
revenues because its collection, in regards of with its collected amounts and in regards with its
spending.
Islam restricted the sources from where Zakat is collected, it is collected from the wealth of
Muslims only and not from the non–Muslims. It is, as well, not a general tax, rather one of the

10. pillars of Islam. Besides this, paying Zakat achieves a spiritual value, like the prayer, fasting and the
hajj. Holy Quran and Prophet (pbuh) has laid a great emphasis on the duty of
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11. The Historical Context of Ridda, Shura, and Shi'a Essay
Shura is an Arabic word for consultation and it is this that forms part of the four cardinal principles
(human dignity justice and equality) in the Islamic organisation of social policys and politics. It was
a method that the pre Islamic tribes of the Middle East would use to make major affecting decisions.
The term Shura is mentioned several times in the holy Quran and is also used as a name in
parliaments of Muslim majority countries. "Consultation applies to the choice of the head of state as
well as to all the decisions executed by the state." (Waines, 2009)
Muslims believe that all decisions should be made by and for society by the Shura of the local
surrounding community. Traditionally Islam requires submission to the ruler no ... Show more
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They were Umar Ibn Al Khattab, Uthman, and Ali Ibn Abi Talib.
During the Caliphate of Ali there was much fighting and eventually the Muslim world fell into civil
war. The later Caliphs had nominal control over the Islamic states, but interestingly none of them
were brought to power by Shura; they all gained control via inheritance or force. Most of today's
Islamic countries have at least some aspects of their government or ruling management based on
Shura. In Egypt the upper house of their parliament is known as the Shura council. Saudi Arabia
appointed a Shura council in 1993 but all real power is held by the king. Saudi Arabia seeming to all
the world as a country that follows Islamic law to the letter with its rules and regulations regarding
women, punishment etc yet conveniently they shy away from giving total real power over to the
system of Shura; the power remains with the king of Saudi Arabia.
Shi'a
"Shi'ism was not brought into existence only by the question of the political succession to
Muhammad as so many Western works claim (although this question was of course of great
importance). The problem of political succession may be said to be the element that crystallized the
Shi'ites into a distinct group, and political suppression in later periods,
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12. World Religions Research Paper
Zeena Kotob
World Religions
May 24 2017
Dr. Petrocelli Islam, Christianity and Buddhism are three of the world's largest religions. Two out of
them are considered Abrahamic religions that share monotheistic beliefs, while the remaining one is
more of practiced philosophy of the mind. Monotheism is the belief of one deity that only exists in
the universe.The Islamic followers are classified as Muslims, while the followers of Christianity are
categorized as Christians and of Buddhism are called Buddhists. In this essay we will look at the
socioeconomic and spirit___. Dual contexts that gave rise to each religion, specifically social
inequality, national acceptance, and Religare. "To–bind". This is the latin derivation for the modern
english ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He began to gather a collective group of muslim followers preaching the message of truth, which
God had secretly revealed to him by an angel. Both Islam and Christianity have a Holy Book sent
by God, which is a major component for these religions. The Quran which was revealed to Prophet
Muhammad is the primary source of a muslims, it captures the daily faith and much needed
practices that must be followed by each muslim to continue to adhere to Islam.It was revealed in
Arabic only to Prophet Muhammad, therefore any other copy is only considered a translation,
usually sometimes by scholars who dare to interpret it. The Quran emphasizes on the relationship of
God and his Creatures, it is a guideline to maintain a just and peaceful society through strict rules
and structures that refrain from sins, teaching proper human conduct and an equitable economic
system.One of the main priorities of being a Muslim is to keep up with the five pillars of Islam
throughout your lifetime. The five pillars are the Shahada, Salat, Zakat, Saum and Hajj. The
Shahada is the Profession of faith it is the fundamental belief of islam and that is that "There is no
God but God and Prophet Muhammad is his prophet." It emphasizes the monotheistic nature of
Islam which continues to preach the name of one God. Lastly Hajj and the pilgrimage to Mecca, this
pilgrimage focuses on visiting the Kaaba and walking around it seven times. The pilgrimage is a
rigorous trip to mecca and can sometimes create exhaustion. Just as Muslims have the five pillars to
follow, Christianity have to adhere to prayers, worship in the church, reading the bible, acts of
charity(just like Zakat of Islam) and communion. Just like the Quran, the bible teaches the truth, and
his understanding and dealing with men. Both the holy book of Christianity and Islam are very
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13. The Prophet Muhammad : The Father Of Islam
"Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah and the Seal of
the Prophets. Indeed, Allah knows about all things." (Quran 33:40)
Who is Muhammad? As mentioned in the Quran in chapter 33, sura Al–Ahzab verse 40,
Muhammad is the final messenger of Allah to spread and teach Islam. He was also mentioned as the
seal of the prophets which marks the end of all prophets. Muhammad was born in Mecca, western
Arabia in the year 570, and was brought up by his uncle Abu Talib, head of the Hashim clan of the
respected tribe of Quraysh (Donner, 2007).
Although Prophet Muhammad was illiterate as mentioned in chapter 7, sura Al–A'raf verse 157, he
was still chosen by Allah to preach about Islam as he was honest, trustworthy, generous, truthful,
and sincere:
"(Who are the ones to whom my mercy will extend? It is for) those (Jews and Christians) who
follow the Messenger, the unschooled Prophet, whom they will find mentioned in their own
(scriptures) – in the Torah and the Gospel – for he will command them to do what is recognized (as
right) and forbid them from doing what is unfamiliar (to god's good way of life). (The Messenger of
Allah) will allow them (to partake of) what is pure and forbid them from what is unclean..." (Quran
7:157).
The prophet received his first revelation at the age of 40 in the Cave of Hira through the angel
Gabriel who was sent down by Allah. The revelations lasted for a period of 23 years which they are
known as the Quran.
His
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14. Contributions Of Prominent Muslim Women
Ehab Elatrash 12 A 3/20/2017 Contributions of Prominent Muslim Women
People when asked about Muslim women automatically picture an oppressed, mistreated, woman.
One who doesn't receive her rights and is not acknowledged in anyway. Which is all a
misconception only conceived by non– muslims or people who might not have much knowledge in
Islam. If they were to look deeper they would be astonished to see a womans worth in Islam and all
the rights given towards women. And how women in Islamic history helped shape the religion.
Some prominent Muslim women throughout Islamic history and modern times are from the
following: Khadija b. Khuwaylid , Nusayba b. Ka'b al– Ansariyya, A'isha b. Abi Bakr, Al– Malika
al– Hurra Arwa al– Sulayhi, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She protected the Prophet Muhammad from adversaries amid the fight and even maintained a few
spear wounds and bolts as she cast herself before him to secure him. It is said that after she
supported her twelfth injury, she fell oblivious and the principal address she asked when she got up
(after a day in Medina) was "did the Prophet survive?" a demonstration of her dependability and
responsibility to the new confidence.
An assume that requires no presentation, 'Ā 'isha was the spouse of the Prophet Muhammad who
had maybe the most impact on the Muslim people group after his passing. She assumed a focal part
in the political resistance to the third and fourth caliphs Uthmān ibn 'Affān and 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib,
notwithstanding driving an armed force against the last at Basra in 656. Despite the fact that she
resigned from political life after her thrashing, she kept on assuming a noteworthy part as a
transmitter of Islamic lessons. She is one of the significant storytellers of hadith in the Sunni
custom. From various perspectives, she is among the most fascinating (and disputable) figures in
early Islam, particularly since the ramifications of her activities for ladies ' support in grant, political
life, and people in general circle conflicted with later preservationist originations of the part of
ladies.
Her full name was Arwa b. Ahmad b. Muhammad
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15. The Prophet Muhammad Was A Great Woman
Zainab bint Muhammad was a great woman. She was the eldest daughter of the Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh) and Khadija (rah). She was born 599AD. Her story begins in Makkah when one day her
cousin, Abu al–As ibn al–Rabi, ask her head in marriage. The prophet asked Zaynab if she wanted
to marry him, and she blushed out of bashfulness and smiled. They had two children named Ali
(died during childhood) and Umma. One day when, Abu al–As ibn al–Rabi returned to Makkah
from a trip, Zainab announced that her father had become the prophet of Islam and that she and
most her family had be come Muslims. The quraysh told Abu al–As ibn al–Rabi to divorce Zainab
and that they would bring him a better woman. He refused and stayed with Zainab, but he refused to
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During the immigration Zainab got permission from her father to stay with her husband in Makkah.
That's when tragedy struck. Since Zainab's husband was not Muslim, he was going to fight in the
battle of Badr against the Muslims. That meant that he would have to fight her father. She was very
scared. She feared for her husband and her father. She prayed saying "O Allah, I fear one day the
sun may rise and my children become orphans or I lose my father". So the battle started, and ended
in victory for the Muslims. In the end the Muslims won and Abu al–As ibn al–Rabi was captured.
When this news reached Makkah, Zainab was over come with relief and thanked Allah that her
father was all right and that the Muslims had won. There was a problem though. Her husband was
captured. She did not have much so she gave her necklace as a payment. When the prophet was
checking the payments and releasing captives, he saw Zainab's necklace. He began to sob because it
was Khadija's necklace and he had loved her dearly. He released Abu al–As ibn al–Rabi for the time
being and told him to give the necklace to Zainab and tell her to never give it away. Then the
prophet created a rule. A Muslim woman cannot be married to a disbeliver. Therefore, when Abu al–
As ibn al–Rabi came back to Makkah he told Zainab that she had to go and stay with her father in
Madina and leave him. She asked him for millionth time if he would become Muslim and stay with
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16. Rise Of The Islamic Empire Essay
Maryam Al–Harthy
Dr. Abdullah Al–Arian
History
04 September 2017
Rise of the Islamic Empire
"O Messenger, announce that which has been revealed to you from your Lord, and if you do not,
then you have not conveyed His message. And Allah will protect you from the people. Indeed, Allah
does not guide the disbelieving people." (Quran 5:67) Prophet Muhammad PBUH, was born to a
branch of Quraish family. He was born to Abdullah Ibn Abd Al–Muttalib and Amna Bint Wahab in
the year 570 C. He received his "call" which is the message from God carried by the angel Gabriel
to deliver the truth about God to his people. Prophet Muhammad PBUH, died in the year 632 C due
to fever after that the Umma was in the hands of the Caliphate, which was then passed ... Show
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The ramifications of this to the Islamic empire is that by winning the Ridda war, the Muslim
community or Umma was still in a sense united which kept the Muslims in power of Arabia.
Handing the Muslim Umma to such a capable leader like Abu Bakr made sure that the Muslim
community united which guaranteed that the Muslims were still in control of their further territories.
After the death of Abu Bakr the Caliphate was handed seamlessly to Omar bin Al–Khattab in 643
and he ruled for ten years. His transmission to power was seamless because he was practising power
"behind the scenes".Many would consider his administration of the Islamic nation as successful and
flourishing. After Muslims victory against the Byzantine in the battle of Yarmuk empire, provided
them with more land –Palestine and Syria– which helped Muslims with the territorial expansion.
Later, one of the richest cities in the Middle East, Alexandria have surrendered to the Muslims too.
The way Omar administered the territories of the Muslim state is in a fashion where the people of
the new conquered territories continue to live the way they used to. Moreover, these newly
conquered places would pay less money when compared to the previous administration. Not only
that, but also, "when it became apparent that Muslim rule meant religious freedom as well as lower
taxes, the Arab had little difficulty in obtaining cooperation from some of the local people."Which
made the newly conquered areas satisfied with
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17. A Discussion Of Faith Rose Surrounding The World Trade Center
After the Brussels massacre that took place on March 22nd, a question of faith rose surrounding the
sanctity of the Islamic faith. In an article meant to expose answers to this very question John Kasich
brings up a point that when people claim France is at war with Islam, they actually should be
referring to radical Islam. This point pulled further controversy as those who were not Islamic began
to wonder if the faith condoned suicide bombings in the name of expelling infidels and bringing the
coming of the Caliphate. Another case mentioned in the same article details the prosecution of the
Blind Sheikh, whose terrorist group attempted to bring down the World Trade Center back in 1993.
While the U.S. government had attempted to paint ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Muslim conquests lasted from 622 AD to 750 AD, and would continue to move forward until the
18th century. These expansions of religion and politics were led by dynasties of Caliphs , beginning
with the prophet Muhammad and then the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs. Islam spread from Mecca
to Medina and furthered into central Asia, North Africa, Spain, and parts of the old Byzantine and
Persian empires. Despite this, there is a large misunderstanding about the spread of Islam during this
period of time and why the expansion of the Catholic Church after the Dark Ages instead takes
precedence in Western Europe. The halt of the expansion of Islamic rule in Europe can be linked
back to the Battle of Tours back in 733 AD. This battle was meant to be the Islamic Empires first
expansion into Europe nearing the end of the period called the Dark Ages in European history. This
resulted in the expansion of the early modern Catholic Church in Europe during the Renaissance
and the misunderstanding of Islamic politics. The Prophet Muhammad's large influences over the
foundations of Islam helped shape its empire into a powerful militant group that would result in the
unification of Arabia in 622 AD . From there, Muhammad would be looked to by many as both a
religious prophet and a competent military leader. Conquests made my Muhammad lasted from 622
CE to
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18. Hazrat Ali Ibn Abi Talib
Hazrat Ali Ibn Abi Talib
Birth of Ali:
Hadrat Ali was the son of Abu Talib, a prominent Quraish chief and custodian of the Holy Ka'bah.
The mother of Hadrat Ali was Fatima. Fatima was a cousin of Abu Talib. Thus, both the father and
mother of Hadrat Ali were Hashimites, and that was a great honour. Hadrat Ali was born in unusual
circumstances. On the 13th day of the holy month of Rajab, Fatima, the mother of Hadrat Ali,
visited the Ka'bah to perform the pilgrimage. During the course of the pilgrimage and while
circumambulating the Ka'bah, Fatima felt the pangs of childbirth. She retired to a secluded place in
the precincts of the holy Ka'bah, and there Hadrat Ali was born. Hadrat Ali has thus had the unique
honour to be born in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ali also defended Muhammad in the Battle of Hunayn in 630.[1]
Life after Muhammad (during the reign og the 3 caliphs)
Another part of Ali's life started in 632 after death of Muhammad and lasted until assassination of
Uthman Ibn Affan, the third caliph in 656. During these years, Ali neither took part in any battle or
conquest.[4] nor did he assume any executive position. He withdrew from political affairs,
especially after the death of his wife, Fatima Zahra. He used his time to serve his family and worked
as a farmer. Ali dug a lot of wells and gardens near Medina and endowed them for public use. These
wells are known today as Abar Ali ("Ali's wells").[60] He also made gardens for his family and
descendants
Ali did not give his oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr until some time after the death of his wife,
Fatimah.[4] Ali participated in the funeral of Abu Bakr but did not participate in the Ridda Wars.
[63]
He pledged allegiance to the second caliph Umar ibn Khattab and helped him as
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19. The Early History Of Islam
THE EARLY HISTORY OF ISLAM
Lily Grote
HUM 2020: Introduction to the Humanities
December 1st, 2015
The history of the Islamic religion begins in 610 C.E., with Muhammad ibn Abdallah, a merchant
who every year during the month of Ramadan would "retire to a cave on the summit of Mount Hira,
just outside Mecca in the Arabian Hijaz, where he prayed, fasted and gave alms to the poor." This
was a common practice for many Arabs in the peninsula. Muhammad was a merchant, a member of
the tribe Quraysh which had become quite wealthy trading among bordering countries. The Quraysh
were focused on accumulating more wealth but at the expense of the tribe's poorer family groups,
known as clans.
A "spiritual restlessness" had become apparent among many of the Arab countries, as they knew that
Judaism and Christianity were more refined than the Arab's own pagan customs. Many Arabs began
to believe that they were left out by al–Lah (the High God of their pantheon, literally meaning "the
God") because they were not sent a prophet or scripture such as Jesus, the Bible, or the Torah in that
of the Christian and Jewish religions. Muhammad himself had most likely never heard of the
Christian prophets. Oftentimes, the Jews and followers of Christ taunted the Arabs for not being a
part of the divine plan. On the 17th day of Ramadan, 610 C.E., Muhammad awoke from his slumber
by an overpowering presence that squeezed him so tightly that the word of a new Arab scripture fell
from his
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20. Early Interactions between Muslims, Jews, and Christians...
When it comes to the modern relationship that Islam shares with both Christianity and Judaism, it is
not difficult to recognize mutual hostility. Islamic extremism has been gradually dominating the
Western perception of Muslims–in the midst of this, the World Trade Center attacks could only
exacerbate the situation. On that account, it was no surprise when these hostile attitudes were
unmistakably revealed during the "Cordoba House" mosque controversy at which point in 2010, it
was proposed that a mosque dubbed the Cordoba House be established near ground zero. Sure
enough, the proposition was met with overwhelming opposition and rebuke (Barbaro). Most of the
country objected to the mosque while many of those with more personal experiences ... Show more
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The Umayyads started out as one of the elite clans of Mecca who at first rejected Muhammad's
divine revelations (Kishlansky, Geary and O'Brien). However, Muhammad utilized his resources
and quickly grew a strong following, organizing them into the Umma, an Islamic family "that
transcended the old bonds of tribe and clan" (Kishlansky, Geary and O'Brien). As his support
proliferated, his opposition dwindled and increasingly converted to Islam. In 629, with 10,000
warriors at his command, Muhammad marched onto Mecca and quickly conquered it with few
casualties. The elite Meccan clans–the Umayya among them–were swiftly rehabilitated into the
Umma, much to the chagrin of Muhammad's earliest followers.
The Umayya remained a powerful clan as Islam spread under Muhammad and, after his death in
632, his two successors, or caliphs–successors of the Prophet. Still, the clan's power had far from
peaked. After the death of Umar, the second caliph, a member of the Umayya became his successor:
Uthman ibn Affan (Kishlansky, Geary and O'Brien). Uthman, however, was quickly murdered
because he privileged the Meccan elite over the early converts. Shaken by his death, the Umma
charged the fourth caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib, as being complacent with Uthman's murder. Eventually
Ali himself was murdered by the Umayyad's supporters, giving rise to an Islamic state ruled by the
Umayya, the Umayyad Caliphate, where the Islamic
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21. The Responsibility Of A Muslim Leader
All praise is due to Allah, Lord of all the Worlds and Peace and Blessings upon his beloved
Messenger, his family, his companions, and all those who follow in his righteous path until the Day
of Judgment.
This paper is about rebellion against the Muslim leader from an Islamic perspective. But before we
discuss that, we must first talk about who has the right to lead? To whom does the command
belong? There are many different systems of government in the world. In a democratic system, it is
said, "government of the people, by the people." In a dictatorship, the governance is the Muslim
leader himself. In Islam, the rule is for Allah subhanahu wata'ala. Allah said, "The command
(Hukm) or rule is for none but Allah" (The Quran, Yusuf 40). The legislative authority in a Muslim
state ultimately refers to Allah and the divine revelation (Salama, pg 39). So the Muslim leader in a
Muslim state must govern by the divine revelation. Therefore it is obligatory for Muslims to choose
a leader, Imam or Caliph, who will rule according to the Shariah in order to protect the religion and
manage the affairs of the State. Appointing a Muslim leader is a Fard Kifayah or collective
responsibility, which must be carried out by Ahl Al–Hall wal Aqd (people of power and influence).
For many centuries, Islamic Shariah ruled Muslims, but in more recent times man–made laws are
ruling many Muslim countries. This goes against the teachings of Islam. According to all Muslim
scholars, ruling by anything
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22. Islam Religion
Name: Jennifer Thomas
Professor's Name: Dr. Peter Youmans
Class: RS 130 "Intro to Comparative Religion"
Date: October, 19 2012 I grew up in a household that believed in Christianity and we went to church
every Sunday. That church was my foundation, my love and honestly, it was all I knew. At that time,
in my community anything other than Christianity just wasn't accepted and I often wondered why.
Although I thoroughly love Christianity, I still wanted to explore our other worldly religions. In
doing this paper, I realized that this was the perfect opportunity to do just that. In my research, I
realized that there is such a vast majority and trying to choose just one was going to be difficult but I
prevailed. The one religion ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In which, this began the revelation of the Quran. Muhammad continued having similar revelations
until he passed in 632. It is unknown whether the Quran was compiled in the lifetime of the Prophet
or if it was during the first caliph Abu Bakr (632–634). The Quran that exist today was made Holy
by Uthman ibn Affan (653–656). Also during this time, Uthman burned and destroyed all other
ancient texts. So because of this it has been difficult for scholars to differentiate other text because
no others exist. Variations in early manuscripts of the Quran cause scholars to debate the validity of
the Quran as a whole. The text of the Quran used today is taken from one of the seven readings used
and was chosen my Ibn Mujahid in the 10th century (The New Encyclopedia of Islam).
I was very interested in learning what role women play in the Shia Islam religion. I know some
people assume that women are not equal to men in the Western part of the world. We get that idea
from the dramatics of television and this concept isn't entirely accurate. History and the Muslim
world defines the relationship between women and Islam is complex. The Quran clearly states that
men and women are equal("The New Encyclopedia of Islam"). Men are described as protectors and
maintainers of women. When it is said that men maintain women it is referring to the relationship of
husband and wife. Women described as righteous are devoutly obedient and are to guard in the
absence of a husband
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23. Sunni Vs Shiites Essay
Shiites vs Sunnis
Jihaad Barnett
Georgia Military College
Losing a leader can be very chaotic when they retire or pass on. Questions occur about the next
leader, arguments begin, and relationships divide. Islam is a prime example of these events when the
founder of the religion, Muhammad, passed on and left the Muslims without a leader. Thus started
the separation of Islam into the factions the Shiites and Sunnis because of a disagreement of who
will succeed Muhammad as his predecessor.
Before the discussion of the difference of the Shiites and Sunnis and why they split into these
groups, it's important to understand who exactly is Muhammad and why he is so important to Islam.
To begin with, Islam was started by Muhammad when he was visited by the archangel Gabriel,
where the archangel sent a message to Muhammad from Allah. Muhammad had the remarkable ...
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The information provided by Hutchinson from Islamic Empire (2016) in Age of Conquests says that
the history of Islamic conquest begins with the rise of Muhammad in Mecca where he shared his
experiences with others which gained him followers of this new faith, while being persecuted by
Meccans, therefore he had to flee to the Arabian City of Medina. While in Medina, Muhammad
gained more followers and established an army that he led against Mecca. This battle began with
raiding each other's camps, or ghawz, until Muhammad's forces outnumbered the Meccans,
defeating them in 624. Afterwards, Muhammad rose in power in Mecca as leader and converted
most of the citizens into Muslims. As the leader of Mecca, Muhammad was aided by tribes of
Bedouin against Meccans who had not converted and Arab tribes until 630, when Mecca
surrendered to Muhammad thus many Meccans converted. After the death of Muhammad in 632,
the Muslims were prepared for a rapid territorial expansion and spread of
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