Linkert Scale Survey

Linkert Scale Survey
Likert survey scale was invented by Rensis Likert, who was first to apply this approach in surveys to
check attitudes. The main advantage of his method is that it requires less time to develop and is
easier to adopt than the previously used survey methods. Moreover, the Linkert's approach does not
require the use of negative wording points, which is why Linkert scale survey has been used so
much.
"Likert Scaling is a undimensional scaling method. As in all scaling methods, the first step is to
define what it is you are trying to measure." (Trochim, 2006)
Questionnaire items are simple statements that the subject should be evaluated based on their
personal views. Commonly used five gradations, such as:
1. Strongly disagree
2. Disagree
3. Neither agree or disagree
4. Agree
5. Totally agree.
Statements wordings that are selected depend on the objectives of the researcher, the wording of the
response may also vary, for example from "frequent" to "never go out" or "always buy" – "never
buy." The number of grades can also be different (from three to nine). Selection of questions in the
survey scale compiled into a pilot study. To do this, create an initial list of questions, which are
offered to pilot survey–takers from the chosen group of representatives (team members), they will
test each question for appropriateness. Approvals must be consistent from each pilot test–survey
taker. Some questions will have to be taken off from the survey before the final survey is done.
When
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The Pain Scale
In the article "The Pain Scale", Biss is giving a proposal to definition of the pain scale. The author
scaled the pain in a numeric values represented by a scale from zero to ten. First, is the zero scale.
As Biss described herself as some one who generate question instead of answering them, she thinks
that pain cannot be eliminated. Meaning, zero cannot explain a situation, just like its numerical
value, we cannot apply some computational operations to it. Then, the author goes to explain how
zero is interpreted in Celsius and Kelvin. To illustrate her point, she used the chicken as an example.
The concept of the chicken example is that when we grab the chicken by its feet and the chicken is
not complaining, that does not mean that the chicken is in no pain. The moral of zero pain is that
either the pain cannot be expressed or it can not be felt. Second, the author started with the stories of
how she was taught what is pain and who invented the scale of zero to ten pain scale. For example,
Biss's father told her that an itch is just a damaged tissue. Biss then asks a very complex question,
she said "When does pain worth measuring? With poison ivy? With a hang nail?... A razor cut?"
This shows how complex it is to judge where the pain begins. Even with a trained hospice nurses,
not every pain can be identified. Biss conclude the scale one by assuming that zero and one are close
to each other to the point where they might equal each other. Third, the scale number two starts

Likert Scales: Composition, Opportunities, and Limitations...
Performance analysis and quality monitoring are essential to any organization to ensure programs
and different organizational activities are all aligned and functioning according to the desired plan.
One of the best indications and commonly used is patients' satisfaction and feedback; hence, the
widespread use of surveying techniques. Likert scales, especially, have been very helpful in this
regard due to their simplicity, ease to conduct and interpret, and high specificity as to which aspects
are being measured. In fact, surveying before and after implementing changes proves very helpful as
it indicates the level of success or failure. So, what is the composition of a Likert scale and what are
the opportunities and limitations of this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This requires a first question to whether the respondent agree or disagree followed by a second
question about the strength of his/her agreement or disagreement.
Development of questions
According to Edmondson, Edwards, and Boyer (2012), there are four steps to compose a likert
scale: generating the items, assigning ratings to items, selecting the items, and administering the
final scale. The rating step requires judges to give a specific value on a scale from 1 to 5 according
the relevance of the item to subject researched. Also, noted by Edmondson, Edwards, and Boyer
(2012), the number of scale points have been modified from the originally 5 introduced by Likert, R.
According to Grogan, Conner, Willits, and Norman (1995), in the UK, general practitioners have to
have to measure and report patients' satisfaction. To ensure accuracy and reliability of the collected
data, Grogan, Conner, Willits, and Norman (1995) recommend 5 scales to be covered by the survey:
doctors, access, nurses, appointments and facilities. It is necessary to emphasize the importance of
designing the survey questionnaire to get the desired survey analysis.
Opportunities and limitations Despite all the advantages of using Likert scale, many disadvantages
are encountered that limit its use. Simply, it is a bipolar scale that mainly measures agreement or
disagreement to a

Readiness To Collaborate Scale (PCA)
The proposed study will employ a quantitative survey design approach that will set out to validate a
new scale; the Readiness to Collaborate Scale. This study will focus on validation and internal
consistency through the use of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Chronbach's Alpha (CA).
This study will not be testing for reliability. In order to test for test–retest reliability, two
assumptions are required. The first is that the characteristic being measured, in this case readiness to
collaborate does not change over the time period, which, for respondents taking the survey, it may,
due to entering into a team prior to the next test. The second assumption is that the time between
each test is sufficient enough that respondents do not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each phase will use different participants. The Readiness to Collaborate Scale will be a quantitative
measure. However, to properly develop the survey, this study will be informed by some interviews
with subject matter experts. Using a systematic item–development framework as a guide, this
research will focus on the development and validation of an instrument that can be used to gauge
readiness for individual practitioners to enter into interprofessional collaborative teams. This study
will not investigate any subsequent interventions that may rise from a practitioner taking the survey.
However, it is possible, that where barriers to collaboration may be identified through the analysis of
the tool, organizations may have workshops or other continuing educational opportunities to address
them. However, this study will not be recommending the types of interventions that may be

Wechsler Intelligence Scale For Children
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC–IV; Wechsler, 1949). This seminal intelligence
scale assesses a child 's general intellectual ability across four domains, producing four
corresponding index scores: (1) the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), (2) the Visual Spatial Index
(VSI), (3) the Working Memory Index (WMI), and finally (4) the Processing Speed Index (PSI). The
VCI measures verbal concept formation, specifically assessing children 's ability to listen to a
question, draw upon learned information from both formal and informal education, reason through
an answer, and express their thoughts aloud. An example item from this index is similarities,
vocabulary, and comprehension. Next, the VSI measures non–verbal and fluid reasoning and
assesses children 's ability to examine a problem, draw upon visual–motor and visual–spatial skills,
organize their thoughts, create solutions, and then test them. An example item from this index is
solving a 3D puzzle. The WMI measures working memory and assesses children 's ability to
memorize new information, hold it in short–term memory, concentrate, and manipulate that
information to produce some result or reasoning processes; an example item would be letter–number
sequencing. This measure is particularly important for higher–order thinking, learning, and
achievement. Finally, the PSI measures the speed of information processing and assesses children 's
abilities to focus attention and quickly scan, discriminate between, and

Example Of Diseconomies Of Scale
Diseconomies of scale
The Economic theory tells that a firm may become less efficient if it becomes large. The additional
costs of being larger are called diseconomies of scale.
The Diseconomies of scale gives us a result in rising long run average costs which are experienced
when a firm expands beyond its optimum scale, at Q. Examples of diseconomies include:
1. Larger firms often suffer poor communication because they find it difficult to maintain an
effective flow of information between departments and subsidiaries. For example, a huge
supermarket chain may be less responsive to changing tastes and fashions than a much smaller or
local retailer.
2. 'X' inefficiency is the loss of management efficiency that occurs when firms become large and
operate in uncompetitive kind of markets. Such loses of efficiency includes the over paying for
resources, lets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
methods to control diseconomies of scale
Big firms often face huge organisational difficulties that can slow them down and cause costs and
problems. So I was into a BBC article the big businesses learning how to think small which
appeared soon after Steve Jobs' death. His insistence on "no committees" and talking to everyone at
least once inaevery week was, he said, that is more enough to keep Apple more productive, efficient
and successful in terms.
I don't know if that's true, but for big organisations, with their vast and varied resources and
bewildering bureaucracy, operating with the attitude of a technology start–up is a distant dream.
Poorly handled communication skills set, the low levels of motivation prevailing and a shortage of
innovative ideas are classic diseconomies of scale that are typical of larger organisations.
The article quotes the general manager of Walker's Crisps, part of global giant PepsiCo:
"Start–ups try, they fail, they adapt, they move on. They try, they fail, they adapt, they move on. In
our marketing, we tend to make a campaign, put it out there and hope it

Likert Scales
The national government agency wants to examine the levels of organizational attachment its
employees experience. The memo wants to determine why employees feel uninspired at work. In
addition, the memo wants to ascertain the leadership style used by supervisors and entire
management on their subordinates and whether this agency has any motivation strategies for its
employees, and whether the management communicates organizational goals and mission to the
subordinates. Failure to communicate organizational goals, lack of motivation strategies, and poor
choice of leadership style can create unconducive work environment while the proper choice of
leadership style, the availability of motivation strategies, and the shared mission and goals improves
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Based on the responses that I will get from the survey, I will give the analysis on whether it is
through inappropriate leadership style, lack of motivation strategies, failure to communicate the
mission and goals of the agency, and of lack of participative management in this agency.
Furthermore, I will advise the management according on how to address the concerns of their
employees. Nine survey questions will use the Likert scales which come in many variations from
strongly disagree to strongly agree. The advantage of Likert scales is that they demonstrate order
and the absence of distance between categories. The last question is the general question that wants
to ascertain the employee's additional comments which the questions have not addressed. There are
two sections in this survey and the first section focuses on leadership style of the agency. It tries to
ascertain how it contributes to the current situation in the agency. The last section focuses on
motivation as the Partnership for Public Service reports state that employees who feel connected to
agency missions are more satisfied and

The Saq Is A Computer Based Assessment Consisting Of 128...
The SAQ is a computer–based assessment consisting of 128 Likert items on a five–point scale. The
results of sixteen dimensions are then grouped under four major domains of stress: sources,
symptoms, strategies, and stability. The test taker will then see the scores on a ten point scale under
each of the four main groups. In other words, the test is scored into four different subscales once it is
completed. However, it is important to note that in the test manual there are five different subscales
instead of four. This is because the SAQ that is administered online omitted the subscale of
personality. (Athanasou, "Journal of Psychosomatic Research") The SAQ is available online and
anyone can purchase the test for 14.95 but the test is intended for persons aged 16–65. The SAQ has
a rather large normative sample consisting of 5,000 international women and 5,000 international
men. The individuals had a mean age of 34 and had over 70 different occupations that were
represented in the sample. However, the occupational fields of Education, Healthcare, and
Government were over represented in the sample. (Athanasou, "Journal of Psychosomatic
Research") The reliability of the SAQ may require further evidence. The alpha coefficients were
calculated and ranged from .60 to .94. Due to the low alpha coefficients it is difficult to determine
the reliability of this test. However, alpha coefficients are only used to measure the internal
consistency of a test and does not refer to

Glasgow Coma Scale And The Renin-Angiotensin System
Question 1:
An unaltered consciousness occurs when the Renin–Angiotensin (RAS) system is working at 100%
(Blyth & Bazarian, 2010). When changes such as head traumas, aging, concussions, strokes, etc.
occur the RAS system would be damaged overtime (Barritt & Smithard, 2011). The more often
these occur, the more it is damaged. If RAS does not seem to be working adequately it would mean
that it is not be properly communicating with the cerebral cortex, this then causing the patient to
become less alert (Craig, 2003). His consciousness can only be tested by external stimuli to test for
the functioning of the RAS (through Auditory/Visual stimuli which in turn activate RAS). This is
why the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used as a measure a conscious state (Braine & Cook, 2017).
It tests and scores the visual, verbal and motor response. The lower the GCS score the more of an
altered conscious state the patient is said to have. Typically the lower scores also have a worsened
prognosis and/or poorer outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale in an adult (Weir, et al., 2012). Mr
Shepard had altered level of consciousness at a GCS of 12. When a patient has no altered level of
consciousness they are given a score of 15 (Mena, et al., 2011). Anything less than that actions need
to be implemented to prevent further deterioration and try to bring the GCS back to 15 so there is no
altered conscious state. Your conscious state is affected by two main things; oxygen and glucose
(Mergenthaler,

The impact of economies and diseconomies of scale Tesco face
The impact of economies and diseconomies of scale Tesco face
As businesses grow and their output increases, they commonly benefit from a reduction in average
costs of production. Total costs will increase with increases in output, but the cost of producing each
unit falls as output increases. This reduction in average costs is what gives larger firms a competitive
advantage over smaller firms. This fall in average costs as output increases is known as Economies
of
Scale.
Tesco benefit from economies of scale because they are constantly opening new stores around the
country, such as their new store in
Stockport. Therefore, they are always increasing their output, and so benefit from lower average
costs. That is why Tesco seem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another way in which they benefit is whit their building contractors who build their stores. They
give them lower prices as they are buying in bulk
(building so many new stores), and are hence benfiting from economies of scale in this way. The
final way in which Tesco may benfit from economies of scale is because they build such large
stores, the government gives them cash incentives to build their new supermarkets on Brownfield
sites, which were previously unused.
There are several different categories under which Tesco benefit from economies of scale. One of
these internal economies of scale is purchasing. As Tesco continue to grow, they increase the size of
their orders for raw materials. This results in the cost of each individual component purchased will
fall. This will therefore reduce the average cost of production.
Another internal economy of scale from which Tesco benefit is technical. As they grow, they are
able to use the latest equipment and incorporate new methods of production. An example of is their
new self–service checkouts from which people can purchases their goods from a machine using a
scanner. This increases efficiency and productivity, reducing average costs of output because it
means they don't have to employ as many workers.
Other internal economies of scale include finances, because Tesco have enough financial backing, it
means they do not have

Essay on The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale
Robin Snyder
PSY/525
October 22, 2012
Alyssa Oland
The Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale
This paper will cover the historical significance of the Stanford–Binet intelligence scale. This scale
was originally called the Binet–Simon scale. Albert Binet and Theodore Simon together created this
scale. This scale was originally created for children. Intelligence testing became significant in the
21st century as it enabled mainly schools to seek out children who need academic help. However,
this test was taken a step further in the 21st century by major corporations who use the Stanford–
Binet intelligence scale as a major tool during the hiring process and to determine a person's ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This scale was based on many years of observing children in his or her natural settings. This scale
consisted of thirty tasks each one more complicated than the task before. According to Plucker
(2012) Binet and Simon believed that the easiest tasks could be accomplished by all children, even
those who were severely retarded. "Some of the simplest test items assessed whether or not a child
could follow a lighted match with his eyes or shake hands with the examiner. Slightly harder tasks
required children to point to various named body parts, repeat back a series of 3 digits, repeat simple
sentences, and to define words like house, fork or mama. More difficult test items required children
to state the difference between pairs of things, reproduce drawings from memory or to construct
sentences from three given words such as "Paris, river and fortune." The hardest test items included
asking children to repeat back 7 random digits, find three rhymes for the French word obéisance and
to answer complicated questions" (Plucker, 2012, p 2). Significance in the 21st Century One of the
main significance to the Stanford–Binet intelligence scale is its ability to measure a person's IQ.
According Kreger, (2012), "up until 1986 the Stanford–Binet Intelligence scale and all five editions
remained the test of choice in identifying gifted children. According

The Social Stressuation Scale And Social Readjustment Scale
Stress can be measured in two ways, objectively and subjectively. In objective measures, there is
already an assigned value to the stressor, whereas, in subjective measures, individuals assign their
own value. The two most common measures are, The Social Readjustment Scale (objective) and
College Students Life Events Scale (subjective). The Social Readjustment Scale was developed by
Holmes and Rahe (1967). This scale (43 questions) consists of different questions that identify
events in one's life that cause major stress. The stressful life events value is calculated by adding up
the score of each event experienced. With a score of 150 or less, a person has a 30% chance of
suffering from stress. At 150 – 299, there is a 50% possibility of suffering from stress. A score of
300 life units, the possibility of suffering from a stress–related disease is 80%. College Students Life
Events Scale is an adaption of this scale. The difference is that the individual can assign a value to
the event. Stress can be classified as, acute stress, chronic stress, or cumulative stress. Acute stress
results from pressures and demands of the past and the near future (a lost assignment, a wrecked
vehicle, etc.). Acute stress is exciting and thrilling in small doses. Too many causes exhaustion. Its
symptoms are recognizable by most individuals. It can be the result of. However, it's short–lived
nature does not cause as much damage as with long–term stress. Chronic stress is the result of the

Explain The List Of Scales And Sub-Scales In The Ccsm
Items, Scales and Sub–Scales in the CCSM
There are a total of 34 question blocks on the Community College Success Measure (CCSM). These
blocks include individual items as well as scales and sub–scales. The following is a list of scales and
sub–scales collected in the CCSM.
NON–COGNITIVE DOMAIN Intrapersonal: Focus/Action Control (†)
Intrapersonal: Self–Efficacy (†) Intrapersonal: Degree Utility (†) Intrapersonal: Locus of Control (†)
Intrapersonal: Intrinsic Interest (†) Masculinity: Breadwinner Orientation (†) Masculinity: Help–
Seeking (†) Masculinity: Gender Neutral Domain (†) Racial/Affinity (Positive Regard) (†)
CAMPUS ETHOS DOMAIN
Sense of Belonging: From Faculty (†)
Personal Relationships: With Faculty (†) Perceptions of Care – Student

Examples Of Diseconomies Of Scale
Diseconomies of scale
The Economic theory tells that a firm may become less efficient if it becomes large. The additional
costs of being larger are called diseconomies of scale.
The Diseconomies of scale gives us a result in rising long run average costs which are experienced
when a firm expands beyond its optimum scale, at Q. Examples of diseconomies include:
1. Larger firms often suffer poor communication because they find it difficult to maintain an
effective flow of information between departments and subsidiaries. For example, a huge
supermarket chain may be less responsive to changing tastes and fashions than a much smaller or
local retailer.
2. 'X' inefficiency is the loss of management efficiency that occurs when firms become large and
operate in uncompetitive kind of markets. Such loses of efficiency includes the over paying for
resources, lets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
methods to control diseconomies of scale
Big firms often face huge organisational difficulties that can slow them down and cause costs and
problems. So I was into a BBC article the big businesses learning how to think small which
appeared soon after Steve Jobs' death. His insistence on "no committees" and talking to everyone at
least once in a every week was, he said, that is more enough to keep Apple more productive,
efficient and successful in terms.
I don't know if that's true, but for big organisations, with their vast and varied resources and
bewildering bureaucracy, operating with the attitude of a technology start–up is a distant dream.
Poorly handled communication skills set, the low levels of motivation prevailing and a shortage of
innovative ideas are classic diseconomies of scale that are typical of larger organisations.
The article quotes the general manager of Walker's Crisps, part of global giant PepsiCo:
"Start–ups try, they fail, they adapt, they move on. They try, they fail, they adapt, they move on. In
our marketing, we tend to make a campaign, put it out there and hope it

Economies of Scale
The Economies and Diseconomies of Scale and Scope
Introduction
Most of the company's strategy in remaining to be competitive is trying to differentiate and get over
its rivals which has the intentions of realizing the preferred seller and will have the highest returns
into the industry. Thus, the choice of the firm had been affected relatively to the minimum efficient
scale and the major issues that had been tackled to this issue are the economies and diseconomies of
scale and scope (Forgang and Einolf, 2007, p. 151). Economies of Scale and Scope The economies
of scale exist by the increase of the output of the goods through additional units while the costs
decrease. On the other hand, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The example of this approach is the location of the independent controlled donut that can choose to
offer the high wages in the charge of higher prices in the affluent area. It can also have the combo
promotion for choosing the market cinnamon in the apple cider are available in the bargain market
as controlled by the customization. There are also evidences that the diseconomies of scale occurs in
the research and development of the pharmaceutical companies wherein outweighing the
combination of R and D and the great driver for the efficiency for the strategic importance that cause
of difficulties in managing and monitoring for the complex departments. The economies of scale can
also occur in outside the firm wherein the larger business can put the pressures to its suppliers for
the labour and raw materials so that it raise inputs on the prices. These regulations can be tighter for
the bigger firms which can be result of the industry regulations and to the economies of scale
(Money Terms, 2008).
The advantages of the diseconomies of scale or the increase in the plant size to the company is the
effect to the product cost whereas the increase in the activity can make the possible for the firm in
employing specialize labour and sufficient production. In this regard, it can improve the quality of
the jobs that are performed by the general and unskilled worker. Thus, the better and more output
can

The Hope Scale
The Hope Scale is a modest tool that if used, has the potential to save an individual's life. Doctors
state that "Indeed, highly hopeless men were at more than three–fold increased risk of death...
findings indicate that hopelessness is a strong predictor of adverse health outcomes, independent of
depression and traditional risk factors. (Everson, S.A., Goldberg, D.E., Kaplan, G.A., Cohen R.D.,
Pukkala, E., Tuomilehto J., & Salonen J.T., 1996) If we are going to have an impact on people's
lives the Hope Scale, amongst other tools, should be routinely revisited for three reasons:
Introspection, Quantification and Development. An important first step for anyone who desires to
grow is introspection; examining yourself to establish a starting point in order to have the proper
perspective in developing desired goal. Pertaining to hope, discovering what obstacles that stunt
your hope in the midst of a situation. Ultimately, given any situation, responding with an attitude
that above all portrays hope. When self–examining I believe that it is important to use an array of
tools, the Hope Scale along with other tools such as the Meyers–Briggs personality test, 5 Love
Languages (Chapman, 2014) and learning style tests should be compiled into an overall assessment.
My first thoughts were: Can I improve my Hope and/ or am I susceptible to suicide or health
complications? A starting point has been established and for some a little or a lot more Hope in their
life is a desired goal. I believe another aspect of hope and certainly in the realm of quantification, is
discovering or solidifying the source of your hope. More importantly is the source of your hope
powerful enough to elevate you to and sustain you at your desired level of hope. For some hope
comes from having a foundation of faith; for others they place their hope in people, society or

Baby Scales
All mothers, no matter what their circumstances, social status, nationality or age wants the very best
for their child and wants to raise that child to have a successful life. They want their baby to have
perfect health throughout their life and enjoy every second of it. They know that a baby's body is an
important part of their development, allowing the baby to grow both physically and mentally.
It is a mother's duty to look after their baby and they step up to this challenge willingly and whole
heartedly. The majority of mothers will donate every spare second of their time to benefit their child
in any way, from trying to teach them very basic things such as maths, to just cuddling them so
they're warm. They will use this closeness to their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A constant physical growth is the best sign of a baby maturing as nature intended. Although it is
somewhat hard to measure, most mothers will employ the use of baby scales, scales designed to
track the weight of your baby over the first 6–12 months of its life. They will chart this out and will
see a constant growth, which they can then discuss with a pediatrician. This will also give the
mother some piece of mind, knowing that her efforts to care for her baby are going perfectly.
Baby scales themselves are usually a digital scale that will measure the weight and height of a baby,
giving a reading as a type of BMI (body mass index). Some models will have a built in memory that
will record so growth can be more easily monitored. Others will have a scale that lets you check the
progress of babies themselves, suggesting a BMI range that a baby should stay near during their
early development. This will again, ease the stress of the mother, confirming that her baby is
healthy. Generally speaking, most scales will give a number of readings, from the BMI, to the actual
weight in units such as pounds or

The Pros and Cons of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
The Pros and Cons of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS–III) Introduction This paper
discusses the pros and cons of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS–III). First, important
definitional, theoretical issues, including the nature of intelligence, a brief history, and pros and cons
are discussed. Next, the development, reliability, validity, and assets and limitations of the WAIS–III
are examined. This is followed by discussion of the meaning of IQ scores, use of successive level
interpretation and cautions and guidelines for administration. Last, subtests, assessing special
population groups, short forms, profile forms, and what a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Sir Francis Galton (1869, 1883) quantified traits that were assumed to be correlated, and developed
the first comprehensive test of intelligence. By the end of the 19th century, the foundation was laid
for modern day intelligence testing (Wicket, 1998). In 1905, the French psychologist Alfred Binet
published the first modern intelligence test to identify students who needed special help in coping
with the school curriculum (Neiser, et al. 1996). Shortly thereafter in 1908 and 1911, Alfred Binet
and Theodore Simon published revisions of the Binet intelligence test (Wicket). The mental age
concept was adopted to express the results in adequate units. The concept is based on an individual's
performance in comparison to the average performance of individuals in a specific chronological
age group (Kaplin, & Saccuzzo). A further refinement of the Stanford–Binet scale and translation
(for American culture) was published in 1916 by Lewis M. Terman, who adopted Stern's proposal
that an individual's intelligence level be measured as an intelligence quotient (I. Q.). The IQ score
presumably represented an individual's rate of mental development as a quotient, between "mental
age" and actual "chronological age" times 100 (to remove the decimal). Terman's test, known
colloquially as the Stanford–Binet test, formed the basis for modern intelligence

Grading Scale
Grading Scale 2 Robert Hernandez English 102 Research paper Grading Scale Anyone who has
attended a high school or college will readily say that one of the most stressful aspects of the entire
experience is grades. Students will loose hours of sleep per night poring over textbooks, clutching a
pen in one hand and a mug of Starbucks coffee in the other. They soon foster an obsession with
achieving and maintaining perfect grades to the point where anything that earns less than "A" is a
disgusting failure. The lengths students go to in hopes of attaining good grades is maximal, often
including the exchange of cash or sexual favors with their superiors for changed grades! It had been
postulated that instructors are more likely to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unfortunately, the behavior of high–school and college students in terms of sleep can eventually
mutate into an unhealthy obsession with their grades. It is also well known that the majority of
students have a preoccupation with perfection, primarily in terms of their grades. Students will
procure good grades by any means necessary if they 're desperate enough. One particular case is
Grading Scale 5 illustrated in Diverse Issues in Higher Education, where two Florida Memorial
University employees were charged with receiving payments anywhere from $75 to $600 to change
more than 650 grades for 122 students over a period of three years. Ellis Peet (a computer technician
in the registrar 's office) and Clifton Franklin ( data entry clerk) took cash and sexual favors in return
for changing the grades of students, and reportedly are alumni who also changed their own
grades(10–11). Not only computer hackers and desperate students are known for soliciting changed
grades, though; sports coaches have been caught in attempts to keep their star athletes on the team!
Donald Silveri coach of the national ranked Erie Community College in Buffalo– said the players
had no knowledge of his actions, which took place over three years. Silveri estimated he changed
grades for between 10 and 15 players, but refused to disclose their names. Silveri said he acted to
help inner–city students who had little chance of surviving academically gain success

Comparing Mercalli And Richter Scale
Q: 1. Differentiate between Mercalli and Richter scales?
Mercalli Scale:
The Mercalli scale measures how people feel and react to the shaking due to an earthquake. It is a
relative scale ranging from I to XII, because people experience different amounts in different places.
It is based on a series of key responses such as people awakening, the movement of objects and the
damage to household. The farther from the epicenter, the less shaking is experienced. Mercalli scale
distinguishes between small, intermediate and large earthquakes.
Richter scale:
The Richter scale is a mathematical measurement of the intensity of the Earthquake measured as
seismograph. It is actually measurement of the amplitude of the waves produced by the Earthquake.
Thirdly, Deflation also occurs in deserts thus removing finer grain particles rapidly.
Q: 5. List and describe the evidences used to support the plate tectonics theory?
1. The shapes of many continents are such that they look like they are separated pieces of a single
jig–saw puzzle named as Pangaea.
2. Many fossil comparisons along the edges of continents that look like they fit together suggest
species similarities that would only make sense if the two continents were joined at some point in
the past.
3. There is a large amount of seismic, volcanic, and geothermal activity along the conjectured plate
boundaries.
4. There are ridges, such as the Mid–Atlantic Ridge where plates are separating that are produced by
lava welling up from between the plates as they pull apart. Likewise, there are mountain ranges
being formed where plates are pushing against each other (e.g., the Himalayas, which are still
growing).
5. Magnetic reversal pattern striping symmetric around mid ocean ridges.
6. Age of the Sea floor.
7. GPS measurements can track plate motion in real–time.
8. Study of paleomagnetism.
9. Hot–spots

Eastern Screech Owl Research Paper
Introduction
General Information
Physical Description
Eastern Screech Owls are short birds with a sturdy build. They have rounded wings with an average
wingspan of 48 – 61 cm. Their typical length are from 16 – 25 cm, the females are slightly larger.
The average mass of this species is 164 grams, but females can weigh up to 195 grams. The owl has
almost no neck and a small, square shaped tail. One of the most distinctive features of an Eastern
Screech Owl are their ear tufts as seen in Figure 1 which are prominent went raised up, but when
down it reveals a sort of small round–headed look. As a juvenile the young owls don't have fully
developed ear tufts. Eastern Screech Owls are either gray or reddish (as seen in Figure 1) with dark
streaks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Specifically the Strigidae family have specialized feather structures, most are nocturnal, and most
are considered as predators and are very skilled hunters. These owls have feathered legs and are
colored to camouflage themselves during the day when they are resting. The Eastern Screech Owl
fits into this family, because it has the color of most trees, nocturnal, feathered legs, and have a
special feathered structure.
Genus– Megascops Kaup, 1848 Screech owls are in this Genus, Megascops Kaup. Sreech Owls tend
to live only in the Americas and very rare occasions other places. The Eastern Screech Owl is placed
in this genus, because it is an Owl, lives in the Americas, and is a screech owl. Also many screech
owls are lighter colored.
Species – Megascops asio (Linnaeus, 1758) – Eastern Screech–Owl Megascops Asio is commonly
known as, Eastern Screech Owl. The Eastern Screech Owl is a short bird, very stock and has
rounded wings. Its tail is short and square. The Eastern Screech Owl has a very recognizing
silhouette; it has pointed ear tufts and yellow eyes. It is colored mostly grey, but can also be mostly
reddish–brown; both colors give the owl a very good camouflage with

The Pain Scale By Eula Biss
What is the point in measuring something that is unique to every individual? In "The Pain Scale,"
the author, Eula Biss, attempts to convey her pain to the reader. She tells the reader how she has
tried to describe and measure her pain. There is a system set up for doing so, but it leaves much up
to individual interpretation. The arbitrary process by which we are supposed to evaluate the level of
pain we are experiencing doesn't seem to accomplish much. Throughout the essay, Biss uses unique
ways of comparing the suggested levels of pain to other "scales." This raises the question, why can
the scale, itself, doesn't do adequate job of helping people understand pain. The Beaufort scale was
developed by in 1805 by Sir Francis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the century spanning Defoe and Beaufort's scales, many others adapted and added measures that
helped establish Beaufort's definitive measure of winds. Temperature scales are also used in an
attempt to make the concept of measuring pain more relatable. Across the world, temperature is
measured in degrees Celsius. At zero, water freezes and, at one hundred, water boils. Despite
Celsius being the global standard, the Fahrenheit scale was developed decades earlier. Daniel
Gabriel Fahrenheit based his temperature scale on two marks: on the lower end, the point where a
mixture of salt and water would cease to exist as a liquid, and, on the upper end, a measure of
normal body temperature. In an effort to add more confusion to the two standards, Lord Kelvin
introduced the idea of an "absolute zero." Absolute zero is the point where molecules and atoms are
supposed to be essentially motionless. Despite this, research has showed that the motion doesn't
really stop. As Biss says, "...absolute is not absolute." She finds that comforting, but not quite
enough. Throughout Biss' essay, she also attempts to equate the pain scale to something that seems
much more insidious. To many, the thought of Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy brings about a
reminder of the pain many suffered having to analyze the text in high school. Biss sees an

The Scales Of Measurement, Ordinal Scale, Interval And Ratio
In this write up, the different scales of measurement, nominal scale, ordinal scale, interval and ratio
are discussed, including examples of test types that would usually employ them. Also, measures of
central tendency, and measures of variability and their effect on test suitability are addressed in the
second half of this piece. The Four Scales of Measurement Scales of measurement defines a
framework wherein numbers are assigned to objects based on a set of rules (Thorndike &
Thorndike–Christ, 2009). These authors presented four different types of scales of measurement as
ordinal, nominal, ratio and interval. Nominal Scale Thorndike Thorndike–Christ (2009) described a
nominal scale as a measurement type wherein each "number takes on the meaning of a verbal label"
(p. 27). For example, in an assessment of students on a campus, girls could be labeled number 1, and
the girls, number 2. In this case, the values are mutually exclusive, and the labels have no numerical
significance. Assessment that would use a nominal scale could be practically any measure that
affixes labels to constructs for assessments. For example, the Interprofessional Competency Model
for Healthcare Leadership is an assessment model that measures constructs developed into
competency models, such as analytical thinking, community orientation, financial skills, and
initiative (Calhoun, Dollett, Sinioris, Wainio, Butler, Griffith, & Warden, 2008). Ordinal Scale Next,
an ordinal scale describes "the order

Wj's Full Scale Intelligence Index
WJ earned a Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ) of 90 based on the total combined performance of
the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index
(WMI), and Processing Speed Index (PSI). At the 90% confidence level, his true IQ falls within the
range of 85–94. This score places him within the average range of intellectual functioning (25th
percentile) when compared with other individuals of the same age. There were no significant
differences among WJs' index scores; therefore, his Full Scale IQ is assumed to be a unitary
construct and thus interpretable. The Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) is a measure of individual
proficiency in verbal conceptualization, knowledge, and expression. The VCI consists of
Similarities, Vocabulary, and Information subtests. The VCI is therefore a measure of general verbal
skills, such as verbal fluency, ability to understand and use verbal reasoning, and verbal knowledge.
This index provides a rough estimate of an individual's degree of benefit received from his or her
educational background and cultural experiences. WJ received a score of 89 on the VCI, which
indicated a low average performance (23rd percentile). At a 90% confidence interval, his true Verbal
Comprehension falls within the range of 85–94. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The PRI consists of Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, and Visual Puzzles subtests. The PRI assesses
nonverbal and in–the–moment reasoning and therefore the ability to examine a problem, draw upon
visual–spatial skills, organize thoughts, create solutions, and then test them. This index can indicate
a preference for visual information or kinesthetic learning. WJ received a score of 92 on the PRI,
which indicated an average performance (30th percentile). At a 90% confidence interval, his true
Perceptual Reasoning falls within the range of

Qualtrics Survey Paper
With regard to our qualtrics survey, our team sent out over one hundred survey links in order to be
completed. Ninety participants completed our survey at no cost and consisted of family members,
friends, acquaintances, and coworkers of all team members in our group. When exporting the data,
we had to exclude ten participants due to missing data and also because they took less than two
minutes to finish our survey where this data would have inconsistent results in our data as a whole.
Our final sample consisted of 80 participants. Our participants were recruited by e–mail, social
media, and anonymous text links. The mean average was 28.3 years, with a standard deviation of
10.2 (range of 14 to 70). We had both sexes that participated in our survey; with a total of 35 men
and 45 women in our data.
Materials
Participants completed our survey that was available online through Qualtrics where our
independent variables were embedded in the survey. We did not have to control our environment to
receive valid performance scores. Our method for this assignment was through a convenience
sample since it "relies on data collection from population members who are conveniently available
to participate in study (Dudovskiy, John)". We had the ability to send out the links to our survey and
the participants were able to complete it at their discretion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
E). We did not manipulate his scale, instead we used it entirely to received results that would assist
us in this project. We anticipated that this structure would stimulate our results to accept our
hypothesis. The construct was a measure of thirty–six questions that was used to assess our variable
in the survey. This consisted of a six–point Likert scale including: strongly agree to strongly
disagree. When analyzing the data we had to reverse score them to remain consistent with our
independent

Bayley Scales
a) Some important concepts that the authors of "Long–term effects of LCPUFA supplementation on
childhood cognitive outcomes"1 could have defined, but neglected to were: long chained
polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acids, and docosahexaenoic acid. Without further
explanations of these terms, a lay person may find this article difficult to comprehend.
b) Colombo and his team explicitly define the Bayley Scales of Infant Development as "a well–
standardize and common assessment of infant development status."1 Also, the authors implicitly
associate the word "productive" with "expressive." 1
c) A plausible explanation for why the authors defined the Bayley Scales of Infant Development
(and the other instrumental measures used in this experiment) is to show high validity in this ...
In order to make sure that the audience have the same understanding of "productive" in this context,
"expressive" was included to narrow down other possibilities of the word.
d) A dilemma of infinite regress can be seen when Colombo gives an example of cognitive function
as "congenital anomalies or established genetic diagnoses associated with intellectual disabilities." 1
Words like "congenital," "anomalies," and "intellectual disabilities" needed to be defined and
clarified.
e) Alferdo Ardila defines "cognitive function" in his article "Is 'Self–Consciousness' Equivalent to
'Executive Function'?" 2 He states that "executive function is ...difficult to define."2 He separates the
term into two categories: metacognitive executive functions (MEF) and emotional/motivational
executive functions (EMEF).2 In MEF, he describes cognitive function as "the ability to anticipate
the consequences of behavior, self–awareness, the temporality of behavior."2 For EMEF, cognitive
function is the "ability to fulfill basic impulses using socially appropriate strategies."

Subsection : Scale Invariant Feature Transform ( SIFT )
subsection{Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT)} SIFT~citep{SIFT} provides a set of
features of an object that are are robust against object scaling and rotations. The SIFT algorithm
consists of four main steps, which are discussed in the following subsections. subsubsection{Scale–
space Extrema Detection} The first step aims to identify those locations and scales that are
identifiable from different views of the same object. Various techniques can then be used to detect
stable keypoint locations in the scale–space. The Difference of Gaussians (DoG) is one such
technique which is obtained as the difference of Gaussian blurring of an image with two different
scales, $sigma$, one with scale $k$ times the scale of the other, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, the Difference of Gaussian function has a strong response along the edges, which results
in a large principal curvature across the edge but a small curvature in the perpendicular direction in
the difference of Gaussian function. In order to remove the keypoints located on an edge, the
principal curvature at the keypoint is computed from a $2 times 2$ Hessian matrix at the location
and scale of the keypoint. If the ratio between the first and the second eigenvalues is greater than a
threshold, the keypoint is rejected. begin{mcframe}[0.9textwidth](.8textwidth) textbf{Remark:}
In mathematics, the Hessian matrix or Hessian is a square matrix of second–order partial derivatives
of a scalar–valued function. textcolor{red}{Specifically, suppose $f(x_1,x_2,cdots,x_n)$ is a
function outputting a scalar, emph{i.e.}, $f:mathds{R}^n rightarrow mathds{R}$;} if all the
second partial derivatives of $f$ exist and are continuous over the domain of the function, then the
Hessian $H$ of $f$ is a square $n times n$ matrix, defined as follows: begin{equation} H=
begin{bmatrix} frac{partial^2f}{partial x_1^2} & frac{partial^2f}{partial x_1 partial x_2} &
cdots & frac{partial^2f}{partial x_1 partial x_n} frac{partial^2f}{partial x_2 partial x_1} &
frac{partial^2f}{partial x_2^2} & cdots &

Essay on Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students
Procrastination Assessment Scale for Students (PASS)
Areas of Procrastination
For each of the following activities, please rate the degree to which you delay or procrastinate. Rate
each item on an "a" to "e" scale according to how often you wait until the last minute to do the
activity. Then indicate on an "a" to "e" scale the degree to which you feel procrastination on that
task is a problem. Finally, indicate on an "a" to "e" scale the degree to which you would like to
decrease your tendency to procrastinate on each task.
I. WRITING A TERM PAPER
1. To what degree do you procrastinate on this task?
Never Almost Never Sometimes Nearly Always Always Procrastinate ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
ACADEMIC ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS: FILLING OUT FORMS, REGISTERING FOR
CLASSES, GETTING ID CARD
Never Almost Never Sometimes Nearly Always Always Procrastinate Procrastinate a b c d e
11. To what degree is procrastination on this task a problem for you?
Not At All Almost Never Sometimes Nearly Always Always a Problem a Problem a b c d e
12. To what extent do you want to decrease your tendency to procrastinate on this task?
Do Not Want Somewhat Definitely to Decrease Want to Decrease a b c d e
V. ATTENDANCE TASKS: MEETING WITH YOUR ADVISOR, MAKING AN APPOINTMENT
WITH A PROFESSOR

Never Almost

Students ' Low Enthusiasm And Attitudes Of Research Methods
Stansbury and Munro (2013) and Ciarocco, Lewandowski and Volkom (2013) conducted two
different studies after observing students' low enthusiasm and attitudes of research methods, a
course that is often seen as the hardest and most important class for a psychology undergraduate. In
response to this, both researchers decided to create hands–on approaches for teaching research
methods in an effort to promote student engagement in the classroom. Both studies are structured
around the understanding that when students are engaged in conducting research, their appreciation
of the material will increase, and so will the comprehension of the material at hand. Additionally, the
two were studies fundamentally unable to use random assignment to conditions considering the
inevitable negative affects it would have on the students' initial feelings of the class. In order to
collect data, Ciarocco et al. used seven–point Likert scales to assess attitudes, whereas Stansbury
and Munro gathered data by using a multi–question pretest/posttest to assess content knowledge.
Experimental conditions where constructed differently as well, Ciarocco et al. used multifaceted
approach to teach five different experimental designs expanding over the whole semester, and
Stansbury and Munro focused on teaching students to conduct factorial design research only,
through the use of video games. Although, both studies were designed and conducted moderately
well, Stansbury and Munro was more effective in

Quality Of Work Performance Assessment
Results of the above BARS Assessment
The results of an evaluation done by my colleague were the following.
Quality of Work–3
The quality of my work is above the standard of those in similar positions. This means that there is
little to be done in improving my quality of work, which is at a reasonable level.
Organizational Commitment–2
I can be relied on to carry out my assignments. The level of my involvement and identification with
the job is on par with others in similar positions. However, this may be an area for improvement to
reach higher levels.
Professional Knowledge–4
My professional knowledge in my job is up–to–date, comprehensive and exceptionally high
standard. This is highly acceptable, and the emphasis is placed on maintaining ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Secondly, the BARS method acts as a tool of motivation for employees within an organization. Also,
with the help of empirical methods used while comparing BARS to other traditional rating scales,
for example, the graphic rating scale, it was found out that BARS contain more errors than other
methods of appraisal. Other studies have discovered that BARS ratings are neither better nor worse
than other scales, whereas some studies have shown the relative superiority of BARS on rating
errors (Kingstrom & Bass,

Androgyny Scale
Androgyny Scale:
When calculating the results, I began to realize that a lot of my answers were based on how I felt,
and was raised. The reason, I say the way I was raised was because my mother was both my mother
and father, so she showed us the nurturing aspects of life. Also, this was why my highest score of 76
was femininity (nurturing), however there was a score of 32 that described a more instrumental
approach. "During history, we represent sex as whether a person is male or female, and gender refers
to an individuals nonbiological actions and characteristics that views them as masculine or
feminine" (Bradbury & Karney, 2014, p.132). Although, many individuals male and female will
have different ways of dealing with and accepting many situations. Throughout my life, I have grew
up in a county that really did not accept many LGBTQ individuals. Although I see nothing wrong
with these individuals, it was hard for my cousin to come out because according to society guys
were suppose to be masculine instead of feminine. This made me feel like how can someone just put
a label on an individuals, even if they are not LGBTQ, we still label each individual just on they
way they act. Gender stereotyping in my life has always been neutral because I see that a girl can act
instrumental and still have that nurturing side, vise versa. So, I believe all individuals should be seen
equally, but this is not always going to happen. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I was kind of confused on how to determine the outcome, but I believe two scores was feminine, and
one was masculine. So, based on the Androgyny scale they both was a lot similar, except I scored a
little higher on the masculine part of Communication

Economies of Scale
Introduction
The conditions proposed by the financial crisis and international markets have ended up affecting
the practice of economies and shared frames of reference on the nature of the problems. A minor
phenomenon in Bangladesh can have substantial impacts in New York or London. The scale and size
categories have become central to the analysis of what is happening. Institutional sizes are related to
risk externalities [Makridakis / Taleb, 2009]. The work produced [Haug, 2007; May, 2008] offer an
explanation of the consequences to take extreme risks in economies (extreme risk). Even
considering the risk corresponds to the capital (original) external losses can become outrageous.
Background
Studies reveal a context in which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The crisis resulting from the excessive size of the banking sector has also contributed to increased
externality (negative) with costs experienced by most people.
In this regard Taleb / Tapiero [2009] consider that it is inefficient markets with negative externalities
to a considerable extent, even though they have ideal conditions of competition (perfect financial
markets). In any firm if negative externalities are not offset by positive externalities, or adequately
regulated, the risk of losses can become outrageous. In a New York Times (Sunday Business section,
October 4, 2009), Gretchen Morgension reference to research by Dean Baker and Travis McArthur,
described the effects of selective failures that allowed some privileged banks (large) were
"subsidized" with costs above $ 34 million annually.
Size is not the medicine when firms fail. For example, Fujian [2004], using a list of broken Japanese
companies in 1997 ([Bouchaud, 2003]) has drawn the failure of some firms regardless of size. When
business growth is supported by debt to risk exposed is superior because it threatens both the
creditor losses as the lender. Size growth combined with rising debt can lead to colossal failures. It's
like traveling with suicide pilots that guide aircraft dynamited. By taking unsustainable growth
strategies with negative externalities, people end up paying higher costs.
Networks and supply chains

Autism Spectrum Disorder And The Childhood Autism Rating...
Autism spectrum disorder is an umbrella term used in diagnosing a collection of developmental
disorders of the brain that vary in severity1. People with ASD may have trouble with social
interactions, problems with different types of communication, may practice repetitive actions or
behaviors1,2, struggle with paying attention, and suffer from motor disfunctions1. ASD is usually
diagnosed in children between the ages of 2 and 3, this early diagnosis is very beneficial because it
leads to intervention which intern leads to more positive outcomes later in life1. ASD affects 1 in
every 68 American children1 and is 4–5 times more common in boys than girls1. Prevalence of this
disease is on the rise, with a 10–17% increases in cases per–year1, which could be due to improved
diagnostic methods, environmental factors, and other reasons that are unknown1. One well
established diagnostic tool is the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) which is 15–point rating
scale3 used to diagnose children with ASD and determine its severity2. Another less accredited, but
still informative diagnostic tool is the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC)2 which
differs from the CARS because it is a parent rater form of measurment2. ASD has no cure, but there
have been studies that show behavioral outbursts can be reduced with the use of certain movements
and breathing techniques4. This encourages confidence that more aspects of ASD can be improved
with similar methods. Professionals fill out the

Resilience Scales For Children And Adolescents
Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents Review
The Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA) is a profile of personal strengths that
assess personal characteristics that are associated with resiliency (Prince–Embury, 2011). These
scales help identify how well a child and youth are able to recover from significant distress,
adversity, or life traumas. The RSCA was developed by Sandra Prince –Embury and published by
SAGE influenced largely by the Development Theory, Social Learning Theory, and Psychosocial
Theory (Prince–Embury, 2009). The RSCA aims to measure clients in three areas of perceived
strength, limitations, and/ or vulnerabilities that are related to psychological resilience, assessing
youth from 9 to 18 years of age (Prince–Embury, 2012). This tool assists administrators to identify
children who have low personal resource and high vulnerabilities before they fall behind and
become symptomatic. The assessment results are often utilized as a planning measure on which to
focus the treatment plan more towards resiliency intervention if needed (Prince–Embury, 2011). The
RSCA can be later used with the same individual as an evaluation measure of the impact of
resiliency interventions that have taken place. Even when a client is coping effectively in the present
the RSCA can identify how that particular individual may respond when adverse events are
encountered (2011).
The RSCA and manual comes complete with 25 combination scales booklets that range

Scale Mismatch
To address a problem, a solution of adequate scale is imperative. When there is scale mismatch, it is
very difficult to overcome the problem. This is when the scale of the solution does not match the
scale of the problem, which is what is currently happening with environmental problem solving.
Americans as a whole are more individualistic and consequently, so are most of the environmental
programs. This means that people prefer to do a task that does not disrupt their normal day to day,
and go back to living their lives. Some of these programs and tasks include city wide recycling, city
trash clean up, and buying a prius instead of a hummer.
These practices could be effective if the scale of global warming and environmental degradation was
on the scale of Los Angeles, but these massive problems are worldwide and need collective action.
Collectivism, or shifting the focus off the individual to the whole population, on a global scale
would be the first step to solving these problems. Collective action could look like several countries
coming together to establish policies and reform consumption and usage laws. It could also look like
A prime current example is the water crisis in Flint, Michigan. In an effort to save money, the
bourgeoisie switched the water supply to an ethically questionable source, and did not care that the
proletariat, the middle and lower class, could only afford whatever the city provided. Soon after, the
pipes rusted, infecting the water with lead, and it was overlooked until it became national news. To
this day, the bourgeoisie is still making residents pay for this contaminated water and there are laws
in place that prevent the proletariat from refusing to pay. Multiple protests have been going on and
the proletariat is demanding

How To Describe Objectively What It Mean To Affect A...
1. The client is essentially begging for help. The client may not have anywhere else to turn and
wants to be taken seriously. The client likely believes that if she does not present severely, then she
will be dismissed and not get the help she desires. 2. The client has a tendency to exaggerate,
overreact, and/or be traumatized. This cognitive style may be due to some personality disorders as
well as depression. There is likely not any benefit to the client, unless she is merely seeking
attention. 3. The client would benefit from presenting more severely, such as for litigation,
compensation, or disability purposes. There is likely some external benefit to the client if she
receives a diagnosis and the severity of the diagnosis may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Additionally, without interview data, most psychological assessments are virtually meaningless. 2.
Psychological Tests/Assessments: These measures typically identify a wide range of explicit
information about the client, such as attitudes, opinions, beliefs, and knowledge/facts. They also
help evaluate the client's level of functioning in comparison to the norm group. This is particularly
important in informing the diagnosis and treatment of the client. 3. Informant Reports: This involves
interviewing people who know the client, such as family members, friends, and teachers. These
reports can be helpful because they can provide different perspectives of the client. They may also
inform the clinician if the client's behaviors generalize across settings. 4. Records: By obtaining
client records, whether previous mental health records, medical records, legal records, or school
records, the clinician may find important information that the client did not report. Overall,
incorporating several different sources of information allows for a more comprehensive
understanding of the client, which leads to more accurate and effective diagnosis and treatment. An
empirically grounded approach uses the method of contrasted groups in order to create a measure
that differentiates between groups. This typically involves administering several items to two
different groups, such as patients with depression and

Wechsler Intelligence Scale
Test Description
The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC–V) is an individually
administered intelligence test for children ages 6–16 that provides a measure of a child's overall
cognitive ability and patterns of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. The WISC–V comprises is
comprised of five fundamental indexes: Visual Spatial, Verbal Comprehension, Working Memory,
Processing Speed, and Fluid Reasoning. These are five index scores are combined in order to obtain
the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). There are additionally five ancillary indexes: Auditory
Working Memory, Quantitative Reasoning, Cognitive Proficiency, General Ability, Nonverbal, and
three other complementary indexes, which include Storage and Retrieval, Symbol Translation, and
Naming Speed.
The primary and secondary subtests within these indexes are on a scaled score metric with a mean
of 10 and a standard deviation (SD) of 3. These subtest scores range from 1 to 19, with scores
between 8 and 12 typically considered average. The standard scores on these indexes and the FSIQ
have a mean (average) of 100 and a standard deviation (variability around the mean) of 10. Scores
ranging from 90–109 are considered Average; scores ranging from 80–89 are Low Average; scores
ranging from 70–79 are classified as Very Low, and scores of 69 and below are considered
Extremely Low. Scores ranging from 110–119 are High Average; scores between 120 and 129 are
considered Very High, and scores of 131 and above are considered Extremely High. All composite
score ranges and descriptive classifications can be found below.
Composite Score Range WISC–V Descriptive Classification
130 and above Extremely High
120 – 129 Very High
110 – 119 High Average
90 – 109 Average
80 – 89 Low Average
70 – 79 Very Low
69 and below Extremely Low
Test Observations
Andrew was administered the WISC–V on 06/11/2017. Rapport was quickly established with
Andrew. Throughout, Andrew demonstrated an energy level that is typical for his age. Andrew was
confident in his responses. He demonstrated a clear understanding of the directions for all

administered subtests. Andrew was very focused and motivated to perform well on all tasks
presented to him. Generally,

The Kinsey Scale
Human Sexuality 21
Professor Lanoix
December 4, 2012
Pros and Cons of the Kinsey's Scale
Sex was such a horrible topic to talk about, but a biologist of Indiana University introduced a scale
that broke the silence. The silence changed due to this biologist named Alfred C. Kinsey (1894–
1956). Kinsey broke the silence because before the scale everyone would keep their sexual
orientation to themselves and most likely did not tell anyone. In other words, he was a great
influence to people because since then people have become a bit more open about themselves. The
importance of Kinsey is that he has conducted several of researches. For instance, on one of his
research he found out that many people had sexual experiences with both female ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
They would view the life of homosexuals with a clear mind that isn't going to judge instead of
fighting against what they have been taught since birth. The gender roles teach people how to act
according to their sex; if someone goes against the traditional teachings than they are viewed as
outcasts. Society looks at them as a mishap. This article strengthens the Kinsey scale because it
shows how subjective views can affect the lives of people for the worse. For example, the subjective
bias view of Wardle, a law professor at Brigham Young University has affected the lives of
homosexuals in several states because he:
charged the legal profession and social scientists with an ideological bias favoring gay rights that
has compromised most research in this field and the liberal judicial and policy decisions it has
informed. He presented a harshly critical assessment of the research and argued for a presumptive
judicial standard in favor of awarding child custody to heterosexual married couples. The following
year, Wardle drafted new state regulations in Utah that restrict adoption and foster care placements
to households in which all adults are related by blood or marriage (Biblarz & Stacey 2001).
Wardle's state regulations spread to "Florida, Arkansas, and Mississippi [they] have [also] imposed
restrictions on adoption and/or foster care, and such bills have been introduced in the legislatures of
10 additional states" (Biblarz & Stacey 2001).
Paul Cameron,

Similarities And Differences Between Two Life Maps
"Maps are projections"; they usually represent a whole or part of an area on a flat surface. Maps
describe the relationship between the space and the specific features that the map aims to signify.
Mapmakers according to Klinghoffer, "superimposes his own vision upon the world" and show their
interests and proclivities in culture and politics while drawing their maps. In this essay, I will be
describing and explaining the similarities and differences between 2 life maps. The first map shows
the important spaces and objects, peoples and places in my life; the other map shows the same thing
but in my schoolmate life.
The similarities between our maps are few, for example we both included our homes and they took
the same amount of space, also they are the biggest objects on our maps, because it symbolize our ...
The differences between our maps is defiantly noticeable, starting from the overall colors of the
maps, were you can see that I drew a street and several buildings that took a big part of the map,
that's why dark colors like black and brown were dominating the map, while her map was more
colorful, because she added some natural attractions. In terms of locations, according to Klinghoffer,
"when a child draw a map of his neighborhood, he egocentrically tends to place his own home near
its center", and that's what I saw in her map, where she located her home at the bottom center, while
my home is at the bottom left, the reason why is it on the left side, it is because in reality it is on the
left the side of my neighborhood. The distance between her house and Zayed University is small,
since she lives in Mohamed bin Zayed city, which is near to Zayed University, and since I live in
new Shahama, my map showed a clear big distance between my house and the university. Another
difference is that she included

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