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過去問対策
( H22 審査課題ア)




           小林 克弘
世界の食料事情について
正解:イ

 開発途上国の工業化等による可耕地の減少や砂漠化
  で収穫面積は停滞気味
 単収は、遺伝子組替え作物の導入で一定の伸びが期
  待されている
☆ 補足
エ:特に、サハラ以南アフリカ、アジア環太平洋での
  割合が高い
オ:米国では、 H19 に新エネルギー法が成立し、再生
  可能燃料を拡大、とうもろこしの燃料仕向量が 1.7
  倍に増加するものと見込まれる
農産物貿易交渉の動向について
正解:オ

ア:平成 13 年に、行われたのはカタールのド
 ーハ 
  で行われたドーハ・ラウンド
イ:「枠組み合意」は成立。その後、モダリテ
 ィ交渉(関税削減等の方式)が行われたが、
 合意に至っていない
ウ:スイス、韓国、ノルウェー等の食料輸入国
 で形成するのは G10 諸国
エ:韓国とは交渉中
農業労働力の動向について
正解:ア


イ:新規就農者、 6 ~ 8 万人は正しいが、その内 5 万人以上が農
 家出身者
ウ:営農開始時のリスクや負担が少ない就農形態であり、今後、
 就農していくための主要なルートになっていく(「農の雇用事
 業」:農業法人等に、研修に要する経費等を助成)
エ:所定時間外作業を行わせるなど不適正な行為を行った機関は
 増加傾向にあるものの、それをうけて、新たな研修・技能実習
 制度が H22 から施行
オ:卒業生の就農割合は低いものの、インターンシップ実施人数
 は増加傾向
農業構造の現状について
正解:ア


イ:主業農家を含め全類型で減少傾向
ウ:経営費は削減されているが、それ以上に米
 価が下落したことにより、所得は減少
エ:多くの類型で 1 千円未満あるいは 1 千~ 2
 千円(水田: 485 円、路地野菜 643 円)
オ:むしろ、酪農や肥育牛のほうが減少が大き
 い
正解:ウ
   農業は、食料を供給する役割だけでなく、その生産活動を通じ、国土
    の保全、水源のかん養、生物多様性の保全、良好な景観の形成、文化
    の継承等、様々な役割を有している

 「農地・水・環境保全向上対策」           
  農地・農業用水等の資源を、地域ぐるみの共同活動により保全する
  ための活動と、環境への負荷を軽減する先進的な営農活動とを一体的
  に支援。
  
 ⇒ 活動内容
  基礎的なもの:農地の点検、草刈、泥上げ
  施設の長寿命化:機能診断、初期補修等
  農村環境の向上:生態系保全や景観形成等
「食料・農業・農村基本計画」に
ついて
正解:オ
過去 40 年余り続けてきた米の生産調整は、結果として農業者
 の間に不公平感を生み、麦や大豆等への生産転換も円滑に進ま
 ない状況をもたらしている。( 「食料・農業・農村基本計
 画」 p1 より)
 ↑とあり、米の生産調整について問題視しつつも、廃止する流
 れとはなっていない。

ア: p24,30
イ: p28
ウ: p28
エ: p22
農用地の効率的利用について
正解:イ

 耕作放棄地は年々増加しており、特に土地持ち非農
  家所有のものが 30 年間で 5 倍になっています
☆ 補足
・都道府県別にみると、特に福島、茨城、千葉で放
 棄面積の割合が高い
・都府県では、耕地利用率も低下
・農地の利用集積は、徐々に進展。
 大規模層への集積へ

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過去問対策