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โครงสร้างข้อบังคับ
Structural Constraints
ชนิดของความสัมพันธ์
 Cardinality Constraint
 Participation Constraint
Cardinality Constraint
แบ่งออกเป็ น 3 ประเภท
1. one-to-one (1:1)
2. one-to-many (1:M)
3. many-to-many (M:M)
Cardinality Constraint
one-to-one Relationship (1:1)
สัญลักษณ์
1 1
Cardinality Constraint (1:1)
• one-to-one Relationship (1:1)
Semantic net Model
พนักงาน
(empNo)
การจัดการ
Relationship types
สาขา
(BranchNo)
SG05
SG37
SL21
R1
R2
B003
B005
Cardinality Constraint (1:1)
one-to-one Relationship (1:1)
ความสัมพันธ์แบบ Zero or one
พนักงาน สาขาการจัดการ
Cardinality Constraint
one-to-many Relationship (1:M)
สัญลักษณ์
1 M
Cardinality Constraint
• one-to-many Relationship (1:M)
Semantic net Model
SG05
SG37
SL21
R1
R3
PG21
PG14
พนักงาน
(empNo)
การดูแล
relationships type
อสังการิมทรัพย์ที่ให้เ่่า
(propertyNo)
R2 PG35
PG04
Cardinality Constraint
• one-to-Many Relationship (1:M)
 พนักงานดูแลบ้านเช่าหลายหลังหรือไม่ดูแลก็ได้ (Zero or more)
 บ้านเช่าแต่ละหลังจะถูกดูแลโดยพนักงาน 1 คนหรือไม่มีก็ได้
พนักงาน บ้านเช่าManages
Cardinality Constraint
• many-to-many Relationship (M:M)
สัญลักษณ์
M M
Cardinality Constraint (M:M)
• many-to-many Relationship (M:M)
Semantic net Model
Cardinality Constraint
• Semantic net Model
หนังสือพิมพ์
(newspaperName)
การโฆษณา
่นิดของความสัมพันธ์
อสังหาริมทรัพย์ที่ให้เ่่า
(propertyNo)
The nation
Daily News
Bangkok Post
R1
R2
R3
R4
PG21
PG36
PA14
PA04
Cardinality Constraint
• Many-to-Many Relationship (M:M)
 หนังสือพิมพ์แต่ละฉบับโฆษณาบ้านเช่าได้มากกว่า 1 หลัง
 บ้านแต่ละหลังโฆษณาหรือไม่ลงเลยก็ได้
หนังสือพิมพ์ บ้านเช่าโฆษณา
Participation Constraint
• แบ่งได้เป็ น 2 ประเภท
1. Total participation หรือ Mandatory
2. Partial participation หรือ Optional
Participation Constraint (Total)
• 1. Total participation หรือ Mandatory
– ความสัมพันธ์แบบชนิดบังคับ
สาขา พนักงานมี
branchNo empNo
1 M
Participation Constraint (Partial)
• 2. Partial participation หรือ optional
–ความสัมพันธ์แบบชนิดเลือกได้
สาขา พนักงานมี
branchNo empNo
1 M
อ้างอิง
โอภาส เอี่ยมสิริวงศ์
ระบบฐานข้อมูล. –กรุงเทพฯ : ซีเอ็ดยูเคชัน, 2551.
432 หน้า.
1.การออกแบบฐาข้อมูล. 2.การจัดการฐานข้อมูล
I.ชื่อเรื่อง

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สอน Entity ความสัมพันธ์