2. Work study is a service that uses techniques such
as research methods and study time, to review the
effectiveness of each activity in a
systematic work activities to produce an
efficient and productive work.
3. Minimize time
Minimize cost
Production based on ability raw material,
equipment and skill of workers.
Produce high-quality spending
Maximize worker safety.
4. High production costs of the ordinary.
Production is not balanced in terms of quality.
Too much work in progress (Work In Progress)
The existence of the movement of
people and material excess.
5. Use of materials, equipment, machinery and
labor is not satisfactory.
Often requires overtime.
There are works that have to much idle time.
Production quality is not satisfactory.
6. Before starting any work study should take note
of these two factors:
- How much savings if a work is
reviewed and new methods developed.
- How much time is allocated for research work.
7. KAJIAN KERJA
(work Study)
KAJIAN KAEDAH KAJIAN MASA
(Research Methods) (Time Methods)
MENINGKATKAN KECEKAPAN DAN
PRODUKTIVITI
(Increase Efficency and Productivity)
8. The study method is as a study to determine
the various methods that can be usedfor a job.
From these studies we can determine the
best method to practiced in carrying outthe
work.
9. Detailed studies carried out to analyze the
following areas:
- purpose of this process is done
- quality standards
- layout of workplace equipment
- cycle (work cycle)
- work methods
10. Improve production flow
Effective use of labor
Improve the plant layout and design
Effective use of existing facilities
Create a more comfortable working conditions
Establish standards for the methods used
12. Flow chart process can devide to three such:
Material types - shows that the movement of
material being processed.
Operator type that shows the movement done
by the operator during the process.
Equipment type - that shows the activities done
to a device for the purpose of processing
13. SYMBOL ACTIVITIES PURPOSE (TUJUAN)
Control Process and Production
(Pengendalian)
Inspection Inspect Quality and Quantity
(Pemeriksaan)
Transportation Movement
Pengangkutan
Delay
Kelewatan/simpanan Delay / Interruption
sementara
Simpanan Tetap Simpan
14. Assembly / component opening
Repair works
Provide plant and equipment
Change shape / condition of a material
Chemical reaction
command
fill in the form
Computation and others
16. The motion of the hand, trucks, lorries and other
transport devices.
Movement through the pipe or tube
Travel operators
17. Operator / Material wait to lift / lifted
Materials waiting for the next process
Operator wait till material come.
18. Alat/Bahan yang disimpan dalam stor
sementara menanti untuk dihantar ke tempat
lain.
Maklumat yang disimpan
Semua kelewatan atau simpanan sementara
yang melebihi 24 jam.
19. Example 1
Draw a Process Flow Chart to show
the activities of laundry using the washing
machine
20. 2 minit 1 kumpulkan pakaian kotor
17 meter 1 bawa pakaian ke tempat cuci
5 minit 2 masukkan pakaian ke dalam
mesin
45 minit 1 tunggu sehingga mesin berhenti
15 meter - 2 bawa pakaian ke tempat jemuran
15 minit 3 sidai pakaian tersebut
120 minit 2 2 tunggu sehingga pakaian kering
15 meter - 3 bawa pakaian ke tempat melipat
20 minit 4 lipat pakaian
5 meter - 4 bawa pakaian ke tempat penyimpanan
1 simpan pakai
21. Time study is a study that
using specific techniques to determine the total
time taken by the operator to complete an
operation.
22. The study time objectives are to :
i. Determine the number of elements that an
operation
ii. Determine the level of difficulty of an
operation
iii. Determine the level of employee skills
iv. Reduce production costs
v. Determine the standard time for an
operation
23. Two techniques are commonly used;
i. Using the Stopwatch
ii. Movement Time
System Set / Predetermined Motion Time Sys
tem
24. Standard time is the goal to be achieved in
a time study using stopwatch. The standard
time is
total time taken to perform each element found
in a review of the work.
[Total Standard Time = Work + All rewards
given
25. Peti-peti surat yang dibuat daripada kepingan logam galvanis untuk
kegunaan Politeknik Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah dibuat di Bengkel
Kepingan Logam. Lima kitaran Kajian Masa telah dilakukan oleh
En Saaid ke atas seorang pelajar Kejuruteraan Mekanikal. Kajian
bermula dari pukul 8.00 pagi dan berakhir hingga pukul 9.50 pagi.
En.Saaid telah mendapat butiran seperti berikut :
Jumlah peratusan ganjaran :
Unsur 1 = 20% MA
Unsur 2 = 15% MA
Unsur 3 = 10% MA
Unsur 4 = 25% MA
26. MASA PEMERHATIAN
NO. UNSUR KADAR
(MINIT)
90 6
95 7
Memotong kepingan-kepingan logam galvanis 90 7
1.
kepada saiz peti surat 90 8
95 5
90 4
95 5
95 5
2. Membentuk peti surat
80 5
90 4
105 5
95 6
Mencantumkan kepingan-kepingan logam peti 90 6
3.
surat 95 7
95 7
90 4
105 3
90 4
4. Merivet peti surat
90 4
100 3
95 1
5. Memeriksa Peti Surat (untuk setiap 2 peti surat) 90 2
27. Time is measured in the study methods are: -
i. The average time-which is the time for each
element of its cycle.
ii. CAS / rating, during a review, the observer also
assesses the speed of current employees to
work compare with normal speed.
Masa Normal = Masa Purata + ( Masa Normal x Kadaran %)
28. Time is stale-time employees'
personal needs (eg go to the canteen, toilet,
etc.), time to rest and time delays, such
as damage to the machine and so on.
Usually the value given in percentage (%).
29. Standard time is calculated by the following
means:
Masa Piawai = Masa Normal + ( masa normal x
masa basi )
30. Seorang Jurutera industri di Syarikat Biz Sdn Bhd.mengambil masa
piawai bagi suatu operasi dengan menggunakan teknik kajian masa.
Data dari jadual di bawah adalah masa yang diambil dengan
menggunakan jam randik secara ulangan.
Masa ( min )
Unsur Kadaran
Kitaran 1 Kitaran 2 Kitaran 3
1 4.5 4.2 4.7 112
2 3.0 3.2 2.8 112
3 2.3 2.5 2.3 110
Sekiranya di tetapkan jumlah kelegaan / basi peribadi, kelewatan dan
kelesuan adalah 10 %, dapatkan:-
1.Masa purata bagi setiap unsur
2.Masa normal bagi setiap unsur
3.Masa piawai bagi setiap unsur
4.Masa piawai bagi keseluruhan
31. Seorang penyelia Syarikat Jeman Sdn. Bhd. dikehendaki membuat
kajian masa bagi satu operasi. Data dari jadual di bawah adalah masa
yang diambil dengan menggunakan jam randik secara ulangan.
Masa ( min )
Unsur Kadaran
Kitaran 1 Kitaran 2 Kitaran 3
A 0.30 0.35 0.50 100
B 0.12 0.15 0.10 110
C 0.41 0.43 0.45 110
D 0.80 0.90 0.92 95
Diberi kelegaan peribadi 15%. Dapatkan masa piawai bagi proses tersebut.
