Reflection Of Bilingual Education

Reflection Of Bilingual Education
Throughout this course we have examined numerous aspects of educating emergent bilingual students. From class discussions, I was able to come to a
deeper, nuanced understanding of some of the issues surrounding emergent bilingual education and form my own opinions and plans for my future as a
math teacher. I plan to teach math at the high school level and use what I have learned to provide scaffolding and support to any emergent bilinguals in
my class. Math is often a subject that receives criticism for dry instruction and a lack of student engagement. I would like to develop a plan to break
away from this stereotype and encourage my students to realize that everyone can be "good at math" and to engage with material in ways that make
sense and seem relevant to them. First, I will summarize the principle implications from our class with regard to educating emergent bilinguals and how
to create a positive and effective learning environment for these (and all) students. As an individual, I must be aware and sensitive to the possible issues
that emergent bilinguals are facing. As we have learned, there can be vast differences in cultural models that may impact our understanding and
interpretation of each other's actions, even among people who are fluent in the same language (Scollon & Scollon, 1981, pp. 11–12, 36–37). I must be
aware of the problems of "essentializing" my students and respect and honor the variability that exists within cultural and ethnic groups (Gutierrez &
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The Importance of Bilingual Education in America Essay
The Importance of Bilingual Education in America
First off, it's important to understand the difference between learning and education. Learning is the ability of an individual's brain to acquire and retain
information for a lifetime, whereas education is an aide to further strengthen a student's learning capacity with the use of resources: teachers, libraries,
classroom environment, etc. All students are essentially equal when they enter the educational environment, however students who don't speak English
have an unfair disadvantage in the american educational system. Some students are fortunate enough to be offered English as a Second Language
classes (abbreviated ESL) or bilingual programs in school. Sandy Yanes, a third grade ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
More young americans nowadays are being raised in homes speaking non–English, but these students are falling behind in schools where there is not a
bilingual program available. According to the U.S. Department of Education, in schools without a bilingual education program, 71% of English
speakers are at or above the basic requirements for fourth grade reading while merely 30% of non–English speakers reach this level. 35% of English
and 8% of non–English speakers reach proficient reading levels while only 9% of English and 1% of non–English speakers perform at advanced levels.
It's evident that the availability of a bilingual program is crucial to the success of an individual who needs the resources that can be given to them
through the use of bilingual education. The percentages of the non–English speaking students previously mentioned could undoubtedly be comparable
to those percentages of the English speaking students if the education they were being provided with was cohesive to their comfortability, and the
material being taught was in a language they could better understand.
The need for bilingual education is not directly related to the need for the student to have a more pleasant learning experience, but based more on the
increasing need for these individuals to learn about their heritage, how they can present themselves to others in different scenarios, and being
knowledgeable in both languages at a dual equivalence. The key

The Advantages of Bilingual Education
Bilingual Education in the United States can be defined as "a program that seeks to permit non–English speaking children (many from lower–class
homes) to use their 'family language' as the language of school" (Rodriguez 256). In other words, it is a method of education that suggests that a child
whose native language is not English should learn English in institutions while being instructed in classes in his or her home language as well. This
form of teaching has been a strong point of controversy in the United States for a very long time, and it is still debated today. On one side, there are
brilliant scholars and educators who conclude that implementing a child's home language in his or her school might ultimately be harmful to the ...
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These trends accurately depict positive results of bilingual education that have been proved by careful pragmatic research. According to Heidi Dulay
and Marina Burt on these empirical findings done in 1976, "Although these were studies of bilingual programs in their first few years of
implementation . . . the majority of the findings (58%) showed significantly positive effects of bilingual over monolingual education" (72). Albeit one
might think that these results only applied to subjects not related to the nation's primary language, English (such as Mathematics and the Sciences), he
or she will be appalled to learn that these effective studies show that "in English . . . four out of the seven findings showed that children who learned to
read in their native language did better than their counterparts taught in English only" (Burt 72). These findings, as well as many others related to the
study of bilingual education, clearly demonstrate that the bilingual method of teaching is definitely worthwhile. People who are against the idea of
bilingual education implemented in classrooms bring up other statistics and polls conducted that display results that run against the ones lionizing
bilingual education. For example, Dulay and Burt mention that "AIR studies reported that students in Title VII funded programs performed at a lower
level of English Language Arts . . . than students not in bilingual programs" (73).

Bilingual Education On The Brain
Bilingual education to most is just taking a Spanish, German, or French class, but it's much more than that. Bilingual education involves teaching two
languages at once, one being a native, and the other being a secondary language. With varying amounts of both languages being taught they should be
used in accordance to help with the learning process (Bilingual Education). Bilingual education programs allow students to maintain their own cultures,
while identifying the cultures, languages, heritages, and identities of others (Robinson). Bilingual education in youth is notable because of its positive
effects on the brain, the long term benefits of being bilingual, and for a more general understanding of the fast growing Spanish culture in the ... Show
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Companies today serve increasingly diverse, multilingual populations. Managers know that multilingual consumers are a huge commercial force and
represent a significant opportunity for future business. Foreign language skills can be particularly beneficial if you're interested in changing careers to a
new and growing field. Jobs as translators and interpreters are in the top 15 fastest–growing occupations in the United States, with nearly 25,000
translation and interpretation jobs expected to become available by 2020 (By and Large). This estimate does not even include jobs in the military, which
actively recruits people with a variety of language skills.Other fast–growing fields like travel and tourism, healthcare and national security need
employees with bilingual language skills and the ability to work across cultures. Fields such as journalism, education and international development are
always in search of bilingual employees. And knowing a second language can give you an an edge if you want to apply for the Peace Corps or become
a Foreign Service

Bilingual Education In The US
Bilingual Education:
Frank Smith, a psycholinguist recognized for his contributions in cognitive psychology and linguistics, expresses the advantages of bilingualism –"One
language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way." However, only 18% of Americans can speak more than one
language, while 53% of Europeans and 99% of Latvians are bilingual. The United States does not have a standard foreign language mandate at any
level of education; some states permit individual school districts to set their own language requirements in high school, but primary schools rarely offer
foreign language classes. This is unfortunate as with the ability to speak more than one language comes a global consciousness that opens ... Show
However, some opinions, such as ones that Richard Rodriguez, a graduate of Stanford, Columbia, and Berkeley and an American author known for his
writing on intellectual development, holds, are anti–bilingual education. Rodriguez claims that the native language, or "private language", should not be
taught in the classroom, as it encompasses intimacy, which classrooms cannot support.
Actually, being bilingual benefits the individual both mentally and physically, promotes cultural awareness, and allows for an individual to be more
successful in today's international world. Dr. Ellen Bialystok, a developmental psycholinguist ranked as Distinguished Research Professor at York
University, states that bilinguals have improved memory, decision making, multitasking, and focusing skills. Also, bilingualism allows individuals to
acquire a unique cultural awareness, as each language not only carries communication but its cultural, traditions, and values..** (stimulus) Some may
question why English–only speakers should speak a foreign language while other countries are promoting their citizens to learn English. However, as
the U.S. diversifies and the job market toughens, it is beneficial for individuals to make themselves more valuable to employers. These mental,
physical, and social implications of bilingualism are positive and aid the nation would in preserving the cultures that the melting pot U.S. is known for.
To promote effective and beneficial bilingualism throughout the nation, dual language immersion programs should be implemented into U.S. school

Essay on Bilingual Education in American Schools
Suppose your child has been moved to China. Your child does not speak Chinese; is it the school system's responsibility to teach your child in English?
Or should your child be expected to learn in the country's language and perhaps get extra help on the side? Why should a school district spend money
on bilingual classes rather than on reducing class sizes?
In the United States of America we have become a large melting pot of ethnic and cultural peoples. Along with these peoples have come many different
languages and alphabets. However the US has been seen as a mostly English speaking country. Yet many of this country's newcomers do not speak
English. Adults and children alike come into the US speaking and writing only their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(LA Times 1998) this can create a large gap in understanding between the student and her classmates.
Many try to argue that there needs to be made allowances for these children. One example is the Spanish speaking community. In the 1998 census,
Hispanics represented about 14.6 million of the population. With in five years they represented 16.9 and were expected to represent between 23.1 and
26.9 of the United States population by the year 2000. (From Community to College p.390) A lot of educators feel that there needs to be bilingual
classes to accommodate this growing Hispanic community.
Another great example of school funds being used to accommodate non–English speaking children was in the state of Massachusetts, from Reason
Magazine .
In Massachusetts, school officials actually created an alphabet so that Kriolu–an obscure spoken–only dialect of Portuguese used in parts of the Cape
Verde Islands––could be written for the first time. Textbooks and a curriculum followed, and now Massachusetts boasts the only schools in the entire
world where classes are taught in Kriolu. (The unenlightened schools of the Cape Verde Islands continue to teach in Portuguese.) Massachusetts even
sends home report cards and school bulletins in Kriolu. The parents have no idea whatsoever what this stuff says––none of them can read Kriolu––but
their opinion hardly

The Importance Of Bilingual Education
According to "The Growing Importance of Foreign Language Skills in the U.S. Job Market" which was reported by New American Economy, the need
of bilinguals in America is increasing quickly; the demand has been doubled in the past five years, as it reached to six hundred and forty thousand.
Meanwhile, "high prestige" job, such as financial, manages, and industrial engineers, which are considered as high technical or knowledge
requirements experienced a sharply increase from 2010 to 2015 (2017). This report shows that more and more employers choose to select employees
with a bilingual education experience, and this tendency continuously increasing. The topic associated with whether companies should prefer to choose
bilinguals and how this kind of people could promote their companies has become the focus of social debates. From my perspective, I agree that the
companies should hire more bilinguals because they usually have a strong cognitive ability, a better sense of belonging, and ability of cultural
compatibility. As bilinguals, people are proved to have a better cognitive ability, which is concerned supporting the company for two reasons. Esparza
and Sierra's (2014) article claims as the following sentences:
"Studies over the last four decades have shown cognitive advantages in bilinguals. Bialystok and colleagues called this cognitive advantage executive
control and they define it as 'the set of cognitive skills based on limited cognitive resources for such functions as

Should English For Replace Bilingual Education
The United States is home to millions of immigrants from all over the world. During 2004 more or less about 5.3 percent or 2.8 million of Kinder–
twelve grade students were classified as being limited in English proficiency. Most of these students came from homes where only Spanish was spoken
by their parents and other family members living with them. I have chosen to do my research on "Should English immersions replace bilingual
education". This topic interested me as soon as I saw it because it is something I can relate to. When I was a child, my parents brought my brother and I
to the United States. We lived right across the border from Eagle Pass, Texas which is where I live today. I was able to start school at a kinder garden
level. My family's native language has always Spanish. When I started school, I did not know one single word in English and my parents either, so all
the help I got was in school and some private lessons I would attend a couple times a week that my parents were able to afford. I remember my teacher
would give me one on one tutoring and would at first give me work in Spanish and then started mixing it up a bit and would sometimes give me the
work in English rather than Spanish or sometimes even both. The teacher I have interviewed works for the Eagle Pass Independent School District, and
teaches fifth grade at Benavides Elementary. I have known her for quite some time, even though her strong language is English she believes that
English immersion

Bilingual Education : The Problems
Introduction Bilingual education is a highly–debated subject in America and in many other countries. Many people are quick to point out problems
produced by bilingual education. In my opinion, the benefits of bilingual education outweigh the problems. In this paper, I will discuss some benefits,
problems, and solutions to these problems while also advocating the importance of bilingual education.
Benefits of Bilingual Education There are many benefits to bilingual education. Most benefits will help students, but some benefits will better society.
Bilingual education will help students with development, performance, and assimilation, while also helping society accept diversity. In my opinion, the
benefits gained from bilingual education ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
377). Garcia agrees by stating that using an additive approach to language in schools produces good effects on cognition (2011). Bilingual education
seems to be good for the mind in many ways.
Bilingual education also helps students by providing a safe space to transition into another culture. Some students are forced to be immersed into a
culture they know nothing about. By providing a bilingual education students can have a more comfortable transition. Students will be able to keep a
part of their home culture, their language, but also learn more about the host culture they are in. Bilingual education, in this regard, will also alleviate
culture shock, stress, and anxiety.
Bilingual education can also help maintain existing cultures and languages in the midst of global change. Garcia states that the value of bilingual
education is important in a changing world because children (and adults) are learning different languages for economic and sociocultural reasons
(2011). This reality became true for Papua New Guinea. In Papua New Guinea, education slowly evolved into a bilingual education (Malone, 2011).
Malone suggests that a bilingual education was needed for Papua New Guinea because they have many different mother tongues and use English as a
lingua franca (2011). They wanted students to learn some of the mother tongue

Purpose Of Bilingual Education
Brief Answer
Yes, Bilingual education should be maintained. The purpose of bilingual education is not to slow down the assimilation process or encourage students
to only learn their language, but to allow students to have open–mindedness and learn to communicate with their community. Moreover, bilingual
education is now supported by the Proposition 58 that was approved on Nov 8, 2016, in California ballot and repealed most of the 1998 Proposition
227.
Facts
National Association for Bilingual Education defines bilingual education is defined as any use of two languages in school by teachers or students or
both. Yet, today's context of bilingual education is more detailed than any use of two languages as bilingual education is now more specific ... Show
There was a few federal policy that was implemented for language minority students. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination on the
basis of race, color, or national origin in the operation of all federally assisted programs under title VI. Moreover, Title VII of The Bilingual Education
Act of 1968 established a "federal policy for bilingual education for economically disadvantaged language minority students [by expanding] eligibility
to students who are limited English proficient, and [by permitting] enrollment of English–speaking students in bilingual programs (Texas Education
Agency)." Amendments to Title VII were continuously passed, including expanding the eligibility to students who are limited English proficient,
allowing some native language maintenance, and increasing funding to state education agencies. Additionally, there were some Federal and Supreme
Court rulings that impacted the education of language minority students. The most known case is a Supreme Court case of Lau v. Nichols of 1974. This
was

Bilingual Education : A Bilingual Classroom
Our schools are changing, educators can no longer expect to walk into a classroom where all the students are English speakers. Consequently,
administrators and educators must enhance the delivery of education to ELL's. For the purpose of this paper, I would first look at what it means to teach
in a bilingual classroom. Secondly, I will take an introspective look at a few multimedia tools used in making bilingual education interesting. Moreover,
the ensuing paper would give a detailed rationale for the multimedia tools identified, and will show how these tools meet the needs of English
Language Learners. The Bilingual Classroom
Cohen 1975, defined "bilingual education as the use of two languages as media of instruction for a child or a group of children in part or all of the
school curriculum."
(p. 18). Therefore, we can conclude in bilingual classrooms students and teachers speak the same language. In these classes the teachers teach in the
language of the adoptive country and the student's native language, eventually giving way to the language of the adoptive country of the students.
However, students must be given time to adjust to adapt. Interestingly, these classes are geared towards the students holding onto their culture and
speaking both languages fluently.
Multimedia Tools Used in Bilingual Education
According to Andresen & Brink, 2013, "Multimedia can be viewed as a learning tool and a means of communication. Within learning situations,
multimedia

Bilingual Education : The United States
Mendoza
Priscilla Mendoza
Judy Hatcher
WRIT 3037
Bilingual Education
The United States is a nation filled with a multitude of different cultures which come alongside with a variety of languages. These languages are what
help society to communicate with one another and to expand their horizon of thinking. As the United States progresses so does the culture. The culture
of the United States is no longer what it once was. A nation of a predominately Caucasian race, who only speaks one language, is now a thing of the
past. The National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition (English Language Learners) states that from the 1997–1998 school year to the
2008–2009 school year, the number of English Language Learners in public schools increased from 3.5 million to 5.3 million which comes to be a 51
percent increase. They also reported that the overall student population grew to a 7.2 percent increase during this time. A huge generation of a
multicultural society is rapidly growing and it is our responsibility as a nation to educate this new generation to its fullest potential. We as a nation can
wither choose to ignore the reality of this new generation by forcing one language on students classified as English Language Learners, or we can
choose to cultivate the knowledge of language so that this new generation may prosper in more ways than one. We do not want to become a society that
promotes, as R.A. Berman summarizes in his statement from his article The Real

Arguments For Bilingual Education
Over the years, bilingual education has involved teaching children academics in two different languages so they may become competent learners and be
successful at acquiring English. Before 1968, bilingual education was not a required course in American schools, but instead as a voluntary program.
This changed in 1981 when a lawsuit was brought against the state of Texas that resulted in the requirement of bilingual education programs in
elementary schools as English as a second language (ESL) program, bilingual programs in post–elementary grades through eighth grade, and ESL
programs in high school. This type of education has been a hot topic for the state governments of the United States, debating whether to keep in the
curriculum of schools. Many asking themselves, why should we to provide bilingual education for these students? What will students gain from this
type of education? Studies have shown there are benefits that range from cognitive ability, educational advancement, to employment opportunities with
a bilingual education, while the critics label it as a "failed experiment" that costed a whole lot of money and years to maintain a basic foundation in the
second language. Although the cost is hefty for this exploration of a new language and is time consuming, the cognitive abilities, educational
advancement, and employment opportunities greatly outweigh these opposing factors.
One of the biggest opposing factors against bilingual education has been money,

Bilingual refers to the ability of an individual to converse in two distinct languages. Bilingual education is carried out in schools in different languages.
The US has become a home to many immigrants with every single ethnic group of immigrants speaking its own language from their native
backgrounds. Thus, the immigrants are supposed to have full knowledge of English for them to settle well in the US. Hence, the schools in US usually
give immigrant students' opportunities to learn school content in two different languages which involves both native and secondary languages.
Currently, there are more than three million students in the US who do not have English proficiency. In the entire US history, the country has tried so
hard to make use of education to push for realistic goals of the most different types. For instance, they use the latter for the purpose of saving souls,
converting the foreign–born into being good and desired American citizens as well as giving the student an opportunity to understand their origin and
ethnic background to avoid Americanization hence build up multiculturalism. On the one hand, triggered by the reasons mentioned above,
establishment and growth of bilingual education have emerged to be a fundamental aspect of education. It has been a subject of discussion since the
early 1960s (Zelin 26). However, being solved in those periods, the latter was designed to help the non–Americans who are second language learners to
improve their

Bilingual Education
Bilingual education refers to the teaching of two languages within an academic setting. Typically, it is offered in both native and secondary languages.
However, the United States only refers to bilingual education as the type of instruction given to students who are not proficient in the English language.
Such students are known as "English– language learners" (ELL's), and are largely comprised of Spanish speaking individuals. While the U.S. primarily
focuses on its foreign population, it has been shown internationally, that bilingual education has been offered to both native and foreign speakers. The
question that remains is whether or not bilingual education is an ideal way for students to become proficient in the English language.
The idea of bilingualism has been said to be a part of our nation since its earliest years, but it wasn't until 1968, when the U.S. Congress approved
bilingual education through the Bilingual Education Act, that it became an official means for students who are limited–English– proficient (Anderman
104). However, the types of programs that were funded under this legislation, expanded to include all–English ... Show more content on
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Due to this rise of opposition, bilingual education has become a hot topic for debate. In my opinion, bilingual education is an important issue because it
provides students with a sense of identity, enhances their skills, and prepares them for their future. While I believe that bilingual education should be
used to enhance those who come to America for a better life, the opposing side, or skeptics of the debate also present a good argument. They believe
that programs funded under bilingual education haven't provided enough instruction for English–language learners to refine their English language
skills. For this paper, I am going to execute a deep analysis of both sides of this argument to discover which side makes the better

Arguments Against Bilingual Education
All throughout its history, bilingual education has been a controversial topic. Bilingual education is the act of teaching topics in school in a student's
native language and reinforcing those concepts in English or vice versa, thus helping to improve both languages. This idea with nothing commensurate
to it was borne to give those who did not have the resources to succeed another option has elicited vehement objections from many. In spite of the fact
that points for both sides of the argument can be made, and have been heavily debated, many have reached the overall consensus that bilingual
education has shown to improve one's second language– which is backed by countless studies. Although many may tumultuously argue that there are
not enough resources to provide everyone with this opportunity, with more government funding, bilingual education can benefit many, even those
outside the intended audience. When it comes to bilingual education – as seen when applied on a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One benefit they may see from this is the ethnic diversity their child would be receiving due to the culture being taught in the courses (Bowern).
Accustoming themselves to a country and its culture allows for the children being taught to adapt to that specific country if they ever wish to visit or
move there. Many may claim that bilingual programs are aimed towards immigrants who need extra help, yet a new group of parents are utilizing this
new program to also give their children an advantage. In addition, with the diversity in the nation, being able to speak multiple languages is a benefit
that many wish to have (Porter). Parents witnessing the changing times wish to give their children a leg up on the competition by enrolling them in
programs which will help them develop the skill to speak another

The number of language–minority children in the public schools have increased tremendously over the last ten years. Bilingual Education has
continued to grow relentlessly. The number of children who have enrolled in dual language (DL) programs only continues to increase. Truly though, are
DL teachers ready to teach children in bilingual classrooms? Have these teachers received the appropriate training so that their instruction would work
effectively for the bilingual children? According to Baker, the outcome of the staff professional development program should benefit the teachers by
increasing "their understanding of second language acquisition" and developing "effective curriculum approaches in teaching language minority
students as well being aware of the students' language and cultural background (Baker, 2011). In the article " Dual Language Teachers' Use of
conventional, environmental, and personal resources to support academic language development," Lucero carefully considers the DL teachers'
instructional practices with their potential to improve bilingual academic language outcomes for students. Since the allocation of resources is a
significant factor impacting teacher instructional practices, this aspect is divided into three common types of resources composed of the conventional,
environmental, and personal areas. Conventional resources involve curriculum, facilities, teacher certification, plus professional development sessions.
Environmental

Bilingual Education Over The United States
The Acts have vastly improved bilingual education over the years. The current programs available to culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD)
students are numerous and are found throughout the U.S. The fact that educating CLD students has historically been a hot button issue so much that it is
part of the political arena. Bilingual education has become a controversial issue tied up with immigration policies, government funding, and political
parties. Therefore, there have been great changes made overtime to how the program is administered, and what types of certifications the educators
require. The State of Texas has issued a Texas Education Code that includes laws and codes passed by the state legislature. These include adaptations
for special learning populations of English language learners. The state mandated these policies found in the Texas Administrative Code, Chapter 89
was enacted to ensure that every student in the state of Texas that is classified as culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) will be a part of programs
that provide native and second language instruction. Policies and laws such as these were not available to protect culturally and linguistically diverse
student populations in the past. Krashen states, the "sink or swim" technique was not a successful teaching practice with immigrants and American
Indians; this caused low academic achievement and increased dropout rates." The more recent policies are based on studies that while students learn the

Bilingual Education Essay
Bilingual Education
Education is very important. There use to be a time when you didn't have to go to school. When it was only important for men to have an education.
Times have really changed. Now it is crucial for everyone in our society to have an education. Survival is the main reason: a cohesive society is
another. Our schools today need to keep Bilingual education as a tool for teaching: not only for the sake of our society but also for the sense of our
culture.
Bilingual education in our schools is crucial: but still there is talk about banning the use of foreign language in the instruction of our young children.
We have to work to change that kind of attitude. We have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As a relook at Tucson '66 states, the number of English speakers in the Western Hemisphere is only slightly larger than that of Spanish speakers. By the
year 2000 the number of Spanish speakers will be far greater than the number of english speakers. Statistics indicate that the United States is now one
of the major Spanish–American countries. One statistical example: If the figures on illegal Mexican aliens are correct, that means that every year the
United States adds another city the size of Albuquerque and Tucson combined. Or, put it another way, it adds another state larger in population than
Wyoming and Alaska combined"(a relook at Tucson 14).
Marquez5
The policy of most governments toward bilingualism in the home is and long has been one of neglect. A few countries actively encourage it, especially
if the "second" (non–community) language is the more important language in the country or in the world, or if the "minority"
(community) language is the language of a group given special consideration under the law. Many countries, which have recently been colonies, for
example, encourage their young people to learn the language of their former "Mother Country", because bilingualism of this type is
important in international trade and politics. However, we could find castles full of research and still very little is being done in public
Marquez6

Importance Of Bilingual Education
Bilingualism has been always a part of the U.S. history. In the early days of exploration and colonization, French, Spanish, Dutch, and German were as
common as English. No doubt many of the inhabitants were conversant in more than two languages. Underlining the importance of the bilingual
education in United States there are many different types of educational programs that exist for emergent bilinguals. The historical concept of these
programs shows the shift from a focus on the home language and toward English–only instruction.
As Ovando (2003) writes "The 18th– and 19th–century responses to language diversity were shaped by changing localized political, social, and
economic forces rather than by any systematic ideas about language itself" (p. 4). 1700s to the 1880s were a time frame where a fair amount of
tolerance neglect existed toward the many languages. 1880s were the turning point in the historical development of linguistic and restrictions in
immigration policy.
Civil Rights Act Title VI and Bilingual Education Act Title VII are two examples of the rebirth of bilingual education. Civil Rights Act Title VI
prohibits discrimination based on race, color, and national origin, prohibits denial of equal access to education due to limited English proficiency.
Bilingual Education Act Title VII recognizes the unique educational disadvantages faced by non–English speaking students, establish a federal policies
to assist educational agencies, to serve students with limited

Indigenous Education And Bilingual Education
By the late 70s, the government had moved towards a hybrid system of having bilingual educators use indigenous language in primary schools to teach
the national Spanish–based curriculum with Spanish materials (Hamel, "Indigenous Education" 275). After failing once again to produce positive
educational outcomes, the government moved to a "bilingual and bicultural" model in the 80s, then an "intercultural" one in the 90s that is still in use
today (Hamel, "Indigenous Education" 275). In 1991, the Mexican constitution was amended to explicitly recognize indigenous rights for the first time
by promising to "protect and promote the development of [indigenous] languages [and] cultures" (Hamel, "Indigenous Education" 276). This right was
further elaborated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A study on bilingualism and income found some negative correlation between speaking an indigenous language and income. On average, male
monolingual Spanish speakers earn 23% more than bilinguals and monolingual speakers of indigenous languages, with no significant difference
between the income levels of the last two groups (Chiswick, Patrinos, and Hurst 350). Effects were more pronounced in their female counterparts:
monolingual female Spanish speakers earned about 28% more than bilinguals who, in turn, earned 25% more than monolingual indigenous language
speakers (Chiswick, Patrinos, and Hurst 350). However, there is no indication that learning an indigenous language was the cause for this disparity. In
fact, class was a much better predictor of income and success than language of education (Chiswick, Patrinos, and Hurst 364). Still, indigenous parents
often believe that formally learning an indigenous language will not give their children a competitive edge in the modern economy (Chiswick, Patrinos,
and Hurst 364). Specifically, they point to the fact that, when given the chance to send their children to bilingual institutions, the majority of non–
indigenous people–including many bilingual teachers and activists for indigenous language education–send their children to schools that teach English
or French (Garcia, "Politics" 79). Yet, these arguments made by indigenous parents are often discredited by activists, who attribute the reluctance to
participate in bilingual programs to the fact that the parents themselves are uneducated and do not know what is best for themselves, their children, and
their communities (Garcia, "Politics"

Outlawing Bilingual Education
Bilingual, or multilingual education as it is also known, has always been a controversial subject regarding education. Many individuals overlook the
benefits encompassed, and blindly chose to ignore the legitimacy of such educational methods. Nevertheless, it is a known fact that now more than
ever, it is of extreme importance that people speak more than one language, especially when regarding jobs. To further emphasize, jobs actively seek
out individuals with knowledge of more than one language. Why is it then, that some states have even gone as far as outlawing bilingual education? As
people of different cultural backgrounds have made new countries their homes, it became apparent that more focus should be placed on providing them
equal education ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the greatest challenges the aforementioned programs face as stated by Deborah K. Palmer and Ramon Antonio Martinez is: "...bilingual students
are placed into classrooms that do not cultivate biliteracy" (379). It is relatively known that most programs emphasize English and completely disregard
the learner's first language, oftentimes providing all instructions in English and leaving those who have yet to learn the language behind. Thus, this
practice is unfair to those still learning English and is still being studied in order to refine the programs and give all learners the ability to improve upon
their biliteracy, or bilingual literacy. In terms of maintaining bilingual education programs, teachers must support biliteracy development by changing
the perspective on language from monolingual to bilingual, in order to create a "learning space for the development of biliteracy among bilingual
students" (383). Above all, we must rethink language as a whole (384). To clarify, the focus must be shifted from looking at methods and strategies to
improve bilingual programs, to plainly understanding language and what bilingualism even means. Despite the fact that multilingual programs have
limitations in their efficiency, there are places where there aren't even any programs to begin with. As a matter of fact, it is relatively doable to begin
implementing dual language programs at any schools, and as said by Dr. Audrey Figueroa Murphy; the added benefit that the programs carry is the
potential to be advantageous to any student (47). Continuing on, dual language programs can prosper in schools with; appropriately skilled/certified
teachers, students with a native language other than English, and above all, parent support (49–50). Multilingual programs offer a pathway to
"academic success, bilingualism, and multicultural

Bilingual Education In Australia
Australia is a Multicultural country and as such, many students come to school speaking languages other than Standard Australian English (SAE). They
must develop proficiency in SAE to obtain equal access to classroom learning across the curriculum. Educating these students relies heavily on teachers
having the knowledge and ability to teach English as an Additional Language or Dialect (EAL/D)
Throughout the course of this semester I have used the discussion board to reflect on my knowledge and attitudes towards people who come from
different linguistic and cultural backgrounds. I have discussed the difficulties involved with EAL/D students, particularly focussing on Indigenous
education. My discussion board posts have provided many opportunities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One reason for this is because it has less status in education than written language. In my learning activity (Appendix C) the assessment strategy used
was to focus on students' clarity, expression and tone. Derewianka (1992) acknowledges that while these features are important up to a point, they
should not become the focus of the assessment. A better approach would be to incorporate eye contact, body language and gestures while at the same
time being aware of culture–specific behaviours. For example, maintaining eye–contact may be considered impolite in some

Bilingual Education and Native Language Maintenance
According to Ethnologue (Grimes, 1996) cited in Purwo, K. (2000), there are 6703 languages in the world. The distribution of those languages is in
sequence Asia 2,165 or 32%, Africa 2,011 or 30%, the pacific 1,302 19%, The Americas 1,000 or 15% and Europe 225 or 3% . Asia becomes the
continent with the most living languages in the world. Those languages are distributed in each country, and particularly, Indonesia is the second most
living languages in the world, after Papua Nugini. Indonesia according to Grimes (1992) cited in Purwo, k. (2000) is reported to have 706 languages
while Papua newgunie has 867 languages. Mostly, the 700s languages in Indonesia is in the eastern Indonesia in which Silzer and Heikkinen (1991) in
Purwo, K. (2000) reports that 240 of the languages are in Irian Jaya. A number of the languages in the world are in danger if there is no effort to
maintain the language. UNESCO reported that 10 languages are dead every year . Purwo further explains that in Australia in 18 centuries, there were
250 languages and today, there are only 20 languages left. A language can exist if the speakers of the language are more than 100,000 people. If we
consider this condition, in Indonesia, there are 109 languages, not Java, which have less than 100,000 speakers. Those languages spread in Sulawesi,
Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Maluku, and NTT. In Lampung, according to Gunawan (1994) cited in Purwo, K. (2000) there are 1,500,000
speakers of Lampung language,

Bilingual Education Controversy
The Disputation Over Bilingual Education There are many aspects of the United States' education system that many people would agree need change or
in the minimal improvement. One topic under the education system that has had much controversy since it was first introduced is Bilingual Education.
Bilingual Education is the teaching or practice programs of two languages to teach content ranging from kindergarten to high school. Bilingual
Education programs vary in levels and languages. Some programs are designed to assimilate non–english speakers into the English language, others are
meant develop knowledge of a completely different foreign language. Equally the goal proficiency of the language varies drastically. Some programs
are meant to teach students the basic understandings of the language in oder to write and speak it adequately and others are meant to allow the student
to reach a fluency level. One of the most popular type of program would be a Spanish and English program since Spanish is the second most spoken
language in the United States. The most common type if bilingual program is intended to transition native Spanish speakers into the English language;
this is way of helping kids assimilate into the American culture. However, the use of two languages established in the education system has been a
controversial idea since first introduced. It receives differing support and has not been able to achieve a conclusive establishment in the public school
system. The

Bilingual Vs. Ban On Bilingual Education
Yan Zhi Chen
Sharada Balachandran–Orihuela
Paper 3
Word Count:1532
Bilingual Education to ban or not to ban?
When we speak about this country–The United States of America–we automatically think of the great number of languages people speak in this
country. Take California as an example. It is one of the border states of America, and this state is made up mostly of immigrants. As a result, most
people in this state are either bilingual or even trilingual. In order for the immigrant students to become integrated into this country, they must learn
English, and Bilingual Education can help them assimilate faster to this new country. Nevertheless, people continue to vote against and ban Bilingual
Education because they believe that if the student is here in America, he or she should be treated the same as the native speakers in order to save money
and for him or her to better fit in. Even though many people criticize bilingual education, I personally am one of the supportive fans of it because
Bilingual Education allows new immigrant students to learn English at a reasonable pace, assimilate to a new environment, maintain their academic
specialties, and not to fall behind.
What is Bilingual Education? The term refers to the practice of teaching non–English speaking children in their native language, and was developed in
the 1960's; these programs were intended to allow students to progress in science, math and social studies while they learned English in a separate class.

Bilingual Education Act Essay
Historical Background
The Bilingual Education Act of 1968 reflected the diversity and multiple cultural backgrounds of the United States. It was the first act to acknowledge
individuals with limited English–speaking abilities. According to, Immigration in America, the Bilingual Education Act of 1968 (BEA) was a federal
law which provided funding to school districts to develop bilingual education programs. The BEA was signed into law on January 2, 1968. The BEA set
the stage for multiculturalism and assimilation, and the role language played in education.
According to Immigration in America, immigration was extremely restricted in 1921–1965 putting a quota on the number of immigrants entering the
country. In 1965 the immigration restrictions were lifted with the Immigration Nationality Act. This new legislation led to an increase of immigrants
from non–European countries. The increase of immigrants affected the education system because most schools were English speaking.
The National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education stated in 1967 Texas Senator Ralph Yarborough proposed a bill ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education article by Gloria Stewner– Manzanares stated that the 1968 BEA was not specific enough and the
participation was voluntary. The vague purpose of this act led to the 1974 amendment to the act which provided clear intent and design of programs for
LESA students. Along with the 1974 amendments there were also provisions made to the BEA in 1978, 1984, 1988, and the reauthorization in 1994.
The 1978 amendment were made to extend the act and broaden the eligibility of students. The 1984 amendment provided more flexibility and funding
to the act. The 1988 amendment increased the funding for BEA. Finally the reauthorization in 1994 provided the same foundation as the 1968 BEA, but
also introduced new grant opportunities, promote bilingual programs, and recognize indigenous languages (Leibowitz, p.

Essay on Should Bilingual Education Be Taught In Schools
"Of the 281 million people age 5 and older in the United States in 2007, 55.4 million individuals – or 20 percent – reported speaking a language other
than English at home." (Newsroom) As the number of non–English speaking people in our country increases there is also a debate going on as well.
This debate is over whether American Schools should offer a bilingual education to accommodate these people or not. "Bilingual Education is the
practice of teaching non–English speaking children in their native language, while they are learning English."(Bilingual Education) In "The
Achievement of Desire", Rodriguez writes about his experiences growing up as a Mexican–American student and the toll that it took on his life.
Bilingual education may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A higher education leads to a better career outlook for all students. The ability to speak English is almost a necessity for success in our country.
In today's society many people look down on people who seem to be different. This is the case with Rodriguez in "The Achievement of Success". Newt
Gingrich, a possible presidential hopeful in 2007, proposed the idea that "The American people believe English should be the official language of the
government...We should replace bilingual education with immersion in English so people learn the common language of the country and they learn the
language of prosperity, not the language of living in a ghetto." (At Issue, 57) In "The Achievement of Success" Rodriguez writes that "There may be
some things about him that recall his beginnings – his shabby clothes, his persistent poverty; or his dark skin (in those cases when it symbolizes his
parents' disadvantaged condition) – but they only make clear how far he has moved from his past. He has used education to remake himself." Rodriguez
clearly blames his success with his education and the fact that it made him more important. He believes that his education made him a better person and
someone who fit in with the rest of the people in America.
Many people believe that by offering bilingual education it would make other ethnicities believe that they do not need to learn

Should Bilingual Education Be Taught In Schools
Have you ever went to Hooters because you love the food and the environment, and come across a family who's all children speak English? Exactly,
that family is in an environment that they know they are welcomed. Why? Because their childrens have the opportunity to be taught in school and they
are able to help their parents order Hooters famous Hot Wings.
Bilingual Education involves teaching academic content in two languages, in a native and secondary language with varying amounts of each language
used in accordance with the program model. Bilingual Education has been around for some time since the settlement of the Polish settlers during
colonization in the 17th century. Although, Bilingual Education has been a great controversy in the United States on whether it should be taught or not,
Bilingual Education in schools is necessary for the understanding and convenience of students and staffs.
It wasn't ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the beginning of colonization, individuals have immigrated for a better future allowing their offsprings an experience of a new culture. Bilingual
programs have offered students the knowledge of another culture and allowing students and individuals to come as a whole and becoming a family.
This programs have allowed students to not forget their cultures but instead it has helped students get rich in knowledge of their own culture, and the
new and unknown one too. Making this society diverse.
Taking dual language programs will help students have great advantages for employment opportunities. This programs allow students to travel to
foreign countries for better work opportunities. As for traveling to foreign countries, students won't need the help of interpreters to communicate.
According to the College Grad, students taking dual language programs in high school or throughout their education career, students have a higher
opportunity of being their own

The Relationship Between Bilingual Education And...
Bilingual education involves the practice of teaching non–English speaking learners in their native language, while they are learning English. The
academic content is taught in both the native language and a secondary language. Program models for bilingual education determine the varying
allotted time for each language. It is often a complex array of school programs with different goals and objectives for varying student populations
(Bybee & Henderson, 2014).
Multiculturalism, on the other hand, is the diversity of cultures; racial and religious, that exist in society and the acceptance of customary behaviors,
ways of thinking and ways of communicating (Burdick–Will & Gomez, 2006). Multiculturalism is often contrasted with the concept of assimilation and
has been described as a 'melting pot'. This paper will examine the history and current political trends of both bilingual education and multiculturalism.
The distinct aspects of, and the relationship between bilingual education and multiculturalism will be discussed and conclude with modern day trends.
Bilingual education in the United States public school system has a long–standing social and political history that has been plagued by debates about its
goals and effectiveness. The policies have typically been informed by theory aimed at identifying the best methods to provide
English instruction to English Language Learners (ELLs), and research on bilingual education program effectiveness. However, perceptions about

Cons Of Bilingual Education
Is bilingual education necessary?
We find that in the present. Bilingual education has a role and necessary in our life very seriously. Both the economy and the tourism industry. True that
we have local language as our own, but in the same way. On the communication for business, we need to help to bring the middle language to make it
easier for communication. We need for instill, speaking, reading and writing in at least one language in the universal language, such as United States,
Australia and Singapore.
Bilingual education is necessary for our self and our parents, such as education, work, live and life, and bilingual language have an advantage over than
some people who get one language, and most of parents want their child to learn in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some peoples pros are other peoples cons. Some peoples cons are insignificant to others, while the pros are less than appealing. The very nature of
pro/con lists is that they are personal; something unique for you. I will try to give a fair assessment of the bilingual education pros and cons as I see
them. – See more at: http://livingbilingual.com/2013/08/18/bilingual–education–pros–and–
cons/#sthash.cegHNxr4.dpuf/http://www.idra.org/IDRA_Newsletter/August_1995_Language_Acquisition_and_Development/Why_Bilingual_Education
I have interviews with 9 people. Most of them are learning. I asked them, "How do you think? Is bilingual education necessary?" They willing to do
this interview.
The first one is Miss Prangthip Jansiwanon. She is studying at Assumption Business Administration , College / third year. She said yes, It so necessary,
because It can makes everyone is familiar with English language and we will use it agile same our native language.
The second one is Miss Chatrkul Thonghai. She is studying at St. Francis Xavier Convent / Matthayom 5. She said yes, Asean will beginning in 2015.
If you haisve only Thai language. You won't have food for

The Importance Of Bilingual Education In The United States
A common joke says "What do you call someone who speaks two languages?" in which the person being asked the question would usually respond
with "bilingual." It goes on to ask about those who speak three or four languages, but then there is a kicker. "What does one call someone who only
speaks one language?" to which the punch line is "an American." According to the 2006 General Social Survey, only 25 percent of American adults are
fluent in a foreign language, while only 7 percent cite the source of this education to formal schooling (Devlin 1). Large amounts of evidence point to
the benefits of being multilingual. Although the United States has a few laws that help immigrants assimilate through dual language programs, there is
little to be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important in the United States to have a competitive workforce, and a great way to do that is to have a society of learners that can communicate
with people of other cultures and ethnic backgrounds. Although there are efforts for teaching school children other languages, most programs are
primitive at best, left to be forgotten before the skills reach the point of relevancy. Dual language programs should be established in the US wherever
feasible to give parents, at the very least, the choice to expand the minds of their children. Recent years have seen the inclusion of voluntary language
immersion programs in places such as Athens, Georgia, in which students are taught from Kindergarten in two languages. These are steps in the right

Persuasive Essay On Bilingual Education
In 1967, a senator in Texas named Ralph Yarborough introduced the Bilingual Education Act. Through this act, the federal government was to provide
funds to schools to have bilingual educational programs. The act primarily focused on Spanish speaking children, but later was amended to benefit
other children as well (Glavin). Several states in the United States opposed bilingual education–and in 2002, Initiative 31 was on the Colorado ballot.
Initiative or Amendment 31, required schools to be taught only in English (figure 1). Parents were given the option to request bilingual education, but it
would be extremely difficult for it to be accepted, due to schools having the right to deny their request. Instead, non–English speakers would be placed
in an English immersion program. In this program, students would be given a year to learn English and later move to a normal classroom ("Amendment
31"). On November 5, 2002, the initiative was rejected by 55 percent (Benz 1). Considering the rejection of the initiative, Colorado began adapting
programs to assist English language learners (ELLs). Nonetheless, dual–language education remains highly controversial. While bilingual education
has many positive outcomes, we cannot ignore the fact that it is not 100 percent effective. Not every child learns the same; therefore, bilingual
education does not provide equal opportunities for everyone. Instead of completely throwing bilingual education out the window, we should turn to
alternatives

The Goal Of Bilingual Education Programs
Michelle Barajas
August 31, 2017
Education Code Webquest
1. What is the goal of bilingual education programs? Of ESL programs? How are the goals different/alike? (89.1201)
The goals of a bilingual education programs are to help English language learners learn in their native language to develop literacy skill and academic
knowledge through listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills that will help them learn the English language and later transition to an all English
instruction classroom. Subjects like math, science and social studies are taught in English for students to gain mastery in the English language. The
goals of ESL Programs are to help students learn or improve English language skills as a second or third language through ... Show more content on
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In the secondary grades regardless of the number of students speaking a common language ESL programs are provided. The program helps English
language learners develop proficiency in listening, speaking, reading and writing in the English Language. It is full time instructional setting using
second language methods in grades pre–k through 8th grade and providing learners with a full time certified teacher to provide supplementary
instruction in all subjects. ESL program also provides a part time service in which it is considered a pull–out program model with a part tine teacher
that provides English instruction while student's remains in a mainstream classroom ESL programs should teach the affective, linguistic and cognitive
needs of ELL's.
4. What is a Home Language Survey (HLS), how many times should it be administered, and what is its purpose? (89.1215)
A Home Language Survey helps identify students who may qualify for support to help them develop the necessary English language skills through a
bilingual education or English as a second language program. Only one HLS should be administered for each student by the districts and a copy should
be place in the student's permanent record. The HLS is conducted in both English and Spanish and translated into other home

Bilingual Education Report
As a middle school ESL teacher in one of the states which has legally mandated the pedagogically questionable supported English immersion (SEI) as
the preferred manner of instruction for English language learners, I have not yet been persuaded by those who insist that the elimination of bilingual
education has been a disaster. I concede that my perspective is impacted by having seen the results of perhaps an uncommonly low–quality bilingual
program in my own district. When I first started teaching in Fitchburg, Massachusetts in 2006, the middle school students who had been in a district
dual language program were shockingly lower in their English proficiency than the students who had attended elementary schools with predominately
English ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 1980s also saw the rise of a number of organizations which promoted the exclusive use of English in American public life and schools. The
research support for this backlash seems to have rested primarily on reviews of previous program evaluations conducted by Baker and de Kanter (1981,
1983), with more than 90% of the previous studies being excluded because Baker and de Kanter deemed them methodologically unsound. However,
their analysis was rapidly contested by critics who felt that had these researchers properly accounted for variables across the studies, the results from
the meta–analysis would instead have demonstrated small to moderate differences supporting bilingual education (Nieto, 2009).
The tide turned again with the 1994 Clinton Administration reauthorization of the Bilingual Education act, also known as the Improving America's
Schools Act, which promoted bilingual education for the first time not just to help immigrants learn English, but also as way to develop the human
capital of the nation and promote American competitiveness in the global economy. The result of this extension was the expansion of developmental
bilingual education, which included "two–way" bilingual programs serving both mainstream and language–minority students (Nieto,

Bilingual Education In America
Dating back to the early 1600s, with the Mayflower voyage, America has always been a nation built on immigration. As most foreigners during the late
1800s viewed America as a prosperous country, a flood of tremendous immigrant populations resulted in America becoming a melting pot. When this
English focused nation upset new citizens, a war over having bilingual education soon began. Bilingual education is defined as teaching students in
both English and their native language. In 1968, the Bilingual Education Act, which recognized and offered education to students who were lacking
English, was passed, yet the topic still seems questionable to some. The debate is "wasteful, ironic, and hypocritical" (Brisk1). Bilingual education
provides a variety ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though bilingual education can be costly, the future opportunities outweigh the costs.
Overall, bilingual education should remain in the school system to save cultures, benefit a student's emotional and physical needs, and economically
improve America. In the past, America served as a welcome to all immigrants, so the same principles this country was founded on must endure.
Without this program, foreign students will struggle and may fall into adding onto the unemployment rates. While having many options available,
bilingual education will cause America to grow economically and culturally, just as the

Bilingual Education : The Dual Language Program
Sagun Khadka
Ms. Scarola
English 1113
May 6, 2015
The Dual Language Program
Bilingual education is an educational system in which students are taught in both their native and international language. It has been practiced in
various forms in different countries of the world. There are still conflicts between people in case of bilingual education because some people prefer
bilingual education whereas, some refuse it, depending upon their own thoughts and reasons and they are still arguing about it. Whatever the argument
is, bilingual education should be prioritized, especially in the country like United States where thousands of immigrants from all over the world are
welcomed every year, because being linguistic has observable practical benefit in an increasingly globalized world rather than being monolingual.
Bilingual education also helps maintaining the fluency of the native language, improving the academic proficiency of the second language learned,
hence it is the better system of education. The Bilingual programs have shown many benefits academically and socially to the students. Being
significant there are numerous example of people succeeding with the bilingual program; Critics like Temes and Nyika has deliberated bilingual
education being effective educational program in cognitive development process of childrens.
However, bilingual education program these days seems to be popular in the Asian countries which is famous for cultural diversity. Countries like,
Nepal,

1970's Bilingual Education In Texas
In the 1970's bilingual education in Texas was just beginning to emerge. The topic was contentious, towards the end of the 1970's however we see a
shift in the topic, not advocating for bilingual education as it had at first, but looking at the results of bilingual education and the ways in which it could
be improved. I will be analyzing the ways in which bilingual education was approached in this decade, focusing heavily on Texas but occasionally
looking at the Southwest. Texas has always set the pattern for the rest of the country in terms of academics, by looking at the emergence of the bilingual
education movement it will aid in the understanding of where bilingual education is today. The fight for equal education went through various
iterations: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, as we see in the studies regarding the impact of bilingual education students began to see vast improvements to their education and conditions
in which they were taught. Chicano students went from being completely segregated to demanding the equal educational opportunity bilingual schools
could provide. This all led to the advancement of the Chicano and their education, proving that the language and knowledge children brought with them
at the beginning of their education was not a detriment to their education but an

Challenges Of Bilingual Education
Bilingual is a person who can use two languages in his daily life, and they can basically speak a foreign language and a native language while listening,
speaking, reading and writing. Today, many developing countries are trying bilingual education as a dominant form of education because through
experimentation and time accumulation, bilingual education is a great advantage for all students (Thomas, W & Collier, V. 1997). Bilingual education
has a high demand among schools, teachers, courses, textbooks, and students. For example, in China, there are many ethnic groups, which are scattered
in different regions. The government not only wants each group to retain its original language, but also hopes that they can communicate with each
other in Mandarin. The Chinese government has introduced bilingual education into the educational system of ethnic minorities. Although developing
countries face several challenges in integrating bilingual education into the regular teaching of school, there are several strategies that might help.
Before discussing the challenges of bilingual education in developing countries, there are three distinct characteristics of Bilingual Education. The first
characteristic is language goals. It means bilingual education that aims to promote bilingual or multilingual competence by using both or all languages
as media of instruction for significant portions of the academic curriculum (Genesee, F. 2005). The next characteristic is teaching methods.

Reflection Of Bilingual Education

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